Tus vajtswv ntawm hiav txwv los ntawm Greek mythology Proteus tau hloov pauv hauv lub qhov muag. Yuav kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws, koj yuav tsum lob nws thiab tuav nws nruj nreem thaum nws coj ntau yam: nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua tsov ntxhuav, npua teb, nab, ntoo. Cov lus qhia yuav raug suav hais tias yog qhov pheej hmoo tshaj plaws hauv lus Askiv.
Muab hais tias peb siv nws ntau zaus, nws tsis zoo heev uas nws kuj yog qhov feem ntau fickle, puas-hloov, thiab tej zaum feem ntau "slippery" hauv lus Askiv. Dab tsi yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab siv rooj plaub? Yuav ua li cas cov lus qhia yuav tsum coj nyob rau hauv Present Simple, nrog rau yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej Tenses? Kawm tag nrho cov grammatical subtleties ntawm cov lus Askiv tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus.
Shapes
Yog li, cia peb saib seb yuav ua li cas cov lus qhia yuav siv rau hauv Present Simple (simple tam sim no tense).
| Hmoob xwb. | Shape | Plural h. | Shape | |
| 1 face | I | am | Peb | yog |
| 2 face | koj | yog | koj | yog |
| 3 face | Nws/Nws/Nws | yog | Nyob | yog |
Ua kom koj thawj qhov kev tawm dag zog ntawm cov lus qhia ua hauv Present Simple: kawm tag nrho nws cov ntawv. Peb yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev nyob rau hauv kev xaiv qhov tseeb daim ntawv ntawm pab pawg lus kom nws pom zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus los yog tus neeg. Singular subjects yuav tsum tau siv cov lus ntawm cov lus qhia; ntau, raws, xav tau ntau.
Thov nco ntsoov tias hauv lus Askiv, thaum sib txuas cov lus nrog cov lus qhia ua, cov ntawv luv yog nrov: Kuv + kuv → kuv yog koj yog → koj yog nws yog / nws yog / nws yog → nws yog /she's/ nws yog, peb yog → peb, lawv yog → lawv.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov kev qhia ua hloov pauv hauv Present Simple, Past Simple thiab Future Simple. Cov lus hauv qab no yuav qhia rau koj paub tias qhov kev pabcuam no txo qis li cas nyob ntawm tus neeg thiab tus lej hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no, yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej.
| Unit num | Present | Past | Yav Tom Ntej | Mn. num | Present | Past | Yav Tom Ntej | |
| 1 face | I | am | yog | (yuav+) be | Peb | yog | were | (yuav+) be |
| 2 face | koj | yog | were | (yuav+) be | koj | yog | were | (yuav+) be |
| 3 face | Nws/Nws/Nws | yog | yog | (yuav+) be | Nyob | yog | were | (yuav+) be |
Nws raug nquahu kom nco ntsoov tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, vim qhov no yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm lus Askiv sai, thiab tseem ua rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv yooj yim.
Vim li cas thiaj xav tau?
Rau ntau tus neeg kawm lus Askiv hais lus Lavxias, kev siv cov lus qhia ua hauv Present Simple thiab cov lus xaus uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub ntsej muag declension ntawm verbs yog kab tias cov ntsiab lus nyuaj tshaj plaws los kawm. Tab sis yog tias koj tseem tuaj yeem hais txog qhov xaus, ces thawj lo lus nug ntawm kev siv cov lus txhawb nqa los ua rau feem coob yog nyob rau hauv cov huab ntom ntom ntawm kev paub tsis meej thiab tsis nkag siab. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim kho ntawm seemingly txawm tias feem ntau cov kab lus thiab kab lus dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tiag tiag. Yog vim li cas, vim li cas, thaum twg yuav tsum tau siv lub siab phem pab no?
Tseeb tiag, hauv Lavxias hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no, kev siv cov lus qhia "yog", "ua" lossis "yuav tsum" (yog, cov lus qhia ua nyob rau hauv Present Simple muaj ntau yam kev txhais lus txawv) yog qhov tsis tsim nyog kiag li. Vim li cas thiaj hais tias "Kuv yog ib tug ntxhais" (Kuv yog ib tug ntxhais), "Koj yog kuv tus phooj ywg" (Koj yog kuv tus phooj ywg), "Nws zoo nkauj" (Nws zoo nkauj), "Peb yog phooj ywg zoo tshaj" (Peb yog tus cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj), "Lawv yog cov kws qhia" (Lawv yog cov kws qhia)? Vim li cas ho nyuaj lus? Thiab tam sim nocia peb saib qhov kev pabcuam no los ntawm lwm lub kaum sab xis.
Cia peb txav mus rau yav dhau los thiab hloov pauv tag nrho cov piv txwv saum toj no rau hauv lub sijhawm dhau los. "Kuv yog ib tug ntxhais" (Kuv yog ib tug ntxhais), "Koj yog kuv tus phooj ywg" (Koj yog kuv tus phooj ywg), "Nws zoo nkauj" (Nws zoo nkauj), "Peb yog phooj ywg zoo tshaj" (Peb yog phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws), “Lawv yog xib hwb” (Lawv yog xib hwb). Hauv cov kab lus no, kev siv tib lo lus "yog" ("ua", "ua") tsis zoo li txawv txawv ntxiv, txoj cai? Nws yog qhov ncaj ncees hais tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog. Txwv tsis pub, peb tuaj yeem qhia qhov kev ua, qhov tseeb lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm yav dhau los li cas? "Nws zoo nkauj" thiab "Nws zoo nkauj" yog ob kab lus sib txawv. Tej zaum nws yuav tsis zoo nkauj ntxiv lawm, thiab qhov tseem ceeb, puas yog? "Koj yog kuv tus phooj ywg", tab sis tam sim no "Koj tsis yog kuv phooj ywg". Xav tias qhov txawv?
Yog li, ib yam li hauv Lavxias nws yuav tsum siv cov lus qhia "byt" ("yog", "ua") yav dhau los (lossis txawm tias yav tom ntej: "Koj yuav yog kuv tus phooj ywg!"), Yog li hauv lus Askiv nws yog qhov tsim nyog (thiab yuav tsum tau) siv cov lus qhia ua hauv Present Simple!
Ib txoj hauv kev kom nkag siab thaum siv cov lus qhia no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj qhov ua. Sib piv ob kab lus hauv qab no: Kuv yog ib tug ntxhais thiab kuv nyob ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub (Kuv yog ib tug ntxhais) tsis muaj kev ua li ntawd, tab sis nyob rau hauv kab lus thib ob (Kuv nyob ntawm no) muaj kev txiav txim: Kuv nyob. Qhov notus qauv siv tau los piav qhia kev siv cov lus qhia ua nyob rau hauv Present Simple rau menyuam yaus.
Qhov kev tawm dag zog yog raws li hauv qab no: txhua zaus ua ntej koj txhais lossis hais qee yam ua lus Askiv, nug koj tus kheej: Puas muaj qhov ua hauv kab lus no? Yog tias cov lus teb tsis yog (piv txwv li, "Lawv yog kuv cov phooj ywg" - tsis ua), ces siv cov lus qhia ua (Lawv yog kuv cov phooj ywg). Nws yooj yim!
Cov lus qhia ua nyob rau hauv Present Simple: siv txoj cai
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, ua yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lus Askiv: tsis muaj nws, tsis yog kev tsim kho nkaus xwb, tab sis txawm tias cov kab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav ua tsis tau. Cov lus qhia ua nyob rau hauv Present Simple tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsis pom kev txuas, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov yooj yim, tsim cov qauv tsim, thiab tseem yog ib feem ntawm lwm yam, ntau qhov nyuaj xws li Perfect thiab Progressive. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas.
Yuav zoo li ib pawg
Yog li, ua yog ib qho pab, txuas lus qhia. Lub npe hais rau nws tus kheej. Nws yuav tsum txuas cov ntu ntawm kab lus ua ke. Yog li, nrog nws txoj kev pab, peb muab cov npe lossis cov npe rau cov ncauj lus, uas ua haujlwm los piav lossis txheeb xyuas qhov kev kawm. Piv txwv li, Nws yog ib phau ntawv (Qhov no yog ib phau ntawv). Phau ntawv yog nthuav (Phau ntawv yog nthuav).
Yuav ua raws li cov lus qhia tseem ceeb
Thaum tsim cov kab lus ua lus Askiv, ib tus yuav tsum paub meej qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb (lub ntsiab) thiab pab (pabcuam) cov lus qhia. Ua tau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ob qho tib si ua thawj thiab hauvua ob. Thiab nws yog thawj rooj plaub uas nws yuav muab txhais ua lus Lavxias ua "ua". Piv txwv li, cia peb piv cov kab lus hauv qab no: Lub peev ntawm Spain yog Madrid (Lub peev ntawm Spain yog Madrid), tab sis Lub peev ntawm Spain nyob hauv Madrid (Lub peev ntawm Spain yog Madrid). Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj kab lus yuav tsum tau plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug linking verb, ces nyob rau hauv lub thib ob rooj plaub nws yog lub ntsiab, ywj siab.
Muaj thiab muaj kev tsim
Rau cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus grammatical uas tsis nkag siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm lus Askiv nruab nrab, peb tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb suav nrog kev tsim muaj thiab Muaj. Qhov tseeb, cov qauv no yog qhov yooj yim heev. Hom kev tshwj xeeb no ib txwm siv qhov chaw ua ntej qhov kev kawm. Yog li, Muaj thiab Muaj tau siv los qhia tias ib yam dab tsi lossis ib tus neeg nyob qhov twg. Xav txog ob kab lus hauv qab no: Kuv tus phooj ywg nyob hauv chav (Kuv tus phooj ywg nyob hauv chav), tab sis Muaj kuv tus phooj ywg nyob hauv chav (Kuv tus phooj ywg nyob hauv chav). Tej zaum koj yuav pom tias nyob rau hauv thawj kab lus, qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau qhov twg tus phooj ywg nyob. Qhov thib ob, qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm leej twg nyob hauv chav.
Yuav tsum: cov lus nug thiab tsis lees paub
Yog li, peb paub dab tsi txog cov cai tsim cov lus nug thiab tsis lees paub ua lus Askiv hauv Present Simple? Feem ntau, cov lus qhia pab ua (ua rau tus neeg thib 3 qhov lus) tshwm hauv kab lus thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, qhov tsis zoo tsis yog. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li cov lus qhia ua tsis yooj yim, thaum nws los txog rau kev tsim cov lus nug thiab tsis zoo, nws tsis qiv nws tus kheej rau cov kev cai dav dav. Cov noKev zam yog nkag siab thiab zoo siab dua li txaus ntshai.
Cia peb pib nrog qhov tsis zoo. Txhua yam ntawm no yog qhov yooj yim li sai tau: ntxiv qhov tsis zoo rau qhov sib txuas lus - koj ua tiav. Kuv yog ib tug ntxhais → Kuv tsis yog ib tug ntxhais (Kuv tsis yog ib tug ntxhais). Koj yog kuv phooj ywg → Koj tsis yog kuv phooj ywg (Koj tsis yog kuv phooj ywg). Nws zoo nkauj → Nws tsis zoo nkauj (Nws tsis zoo nkauj), thiab lwm yam
Cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau cov lus qhia ua Present Simple yuav yog kev xyaum hais lus. Sim sau npe thiab piav qhia txhua yam uas koj pom nyob ib puag ncig koj. Nws yog khob (Qhov no yog ib khob). Nws yog dawb (Nws yog dawb). Lawv yog menyuam yaus (Lawv yog menyuam yaus). Lawv yog hluas (Lawv tseem hluas).
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov ntawv luv ib yam: tsis yog tsis yog, tsis yog → tsis yog. Tab sis daim ntawv am nyiam tso rau saum huab cua thiab tsis xav kom ntsws.
Thaum nws los txog rau cov lus nug, txhua tus nyiam kev hloov pauv (lossis rov qab lo lus txiav txim) los ua si. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm nyob ntawm no txhua yam yog qhov yooj yim heev. Peb tsuas yog txav cov lus qhia mus rau qhov chaw thawj. Piv txwv li, Kuv puas yog ib tug ntxhais? (Kuv puas yog ib tug ntxhais?), Lawv puas yog cov kws qhia? (Lawv puas yog cov xibfwb?) Nws puas zoo nkauj? (Nws puas zoo nkauj?).
