Lawv yog Stalin's falcons. Cov ntawv xov xwm Soviet tau luam tawm lawv cov duab kos rau ntawm nplooj ntawv pem hauv ntej. Cov neeg sau xov xwm hauv xov tooj cua tau tshaj tawm nyob rau qhov tsis muaj qhov sib piv, qhov ua tiav zoo kawg uas lwm lub tebchaws tsis tuaj yeem khav tau. Lawv cov npe, nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj siab tshaj ntawm lub xeev, tau paub rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Ceev ceev, siab tawv, tsis ntshai. Cov neeg rau leej twg, zoo li, tsis muaj teeb meem - thawj Soviet pilots stormed tshiab ceev thiab altitude cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm lawv yog tus tsav Anisimov, ib tug neeg nyob hauv ib lub zos me me ntawm Lavxias teb sab, uas tau coj nws qhov chaw ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws aces ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet aviation.
Los ntawm Novgorod outback
Village Vzezdy hauv cheeb tsam Novgorod thiab niaj hnub no tsis txawv ntawm ib yam dab tsi zoo kawg li. Thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg, nws yog ib tug heev me me zos, uas muaj ntau yam yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub expansion ntawm Russia. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv 1897, yav tom ntej Soviet xeem pilot Anisimov yug. Alexander Frolovich tsis txawm paub lub hlis twg ntawm nws yug. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb nws puas tau yug los rau lub Xya Hli lossis Kaum Ib Hlis. Tias yog vim li cas lawv sau - yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28(raws li lwm qhov chaw, Lub Xya Hli 28). Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog tus kws tsav dav hlau niam txiv - pom tau tias nws tsis nyiam nco nws thaum yau.
Zoo tias txij thaum yau, tus txiv neej nyiam siv tshuab. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoo nws kawm tiav plaub xyoos nyob rau hauv Novgorod. Tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab tus kws kho tsheb yog thawj txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb no, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv nws haiv neeg Vzzdyah. Thiab nws tseem nyob hauv Novgorod - txog 1914 nws ua haujlwm ua tus tsav tsheb.
Qhov tseeb nthuav: tau dhau los ua tus kws tsav dav hlau, Anisimov tau ntau xyoo ua ke coj ib qho kev tsim ntawm tsib tus neeg tua liab uas ya hla Red Square thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam.
Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Xyoo 1914, raws nraim ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hnub tau yug ntawm Alexander Frolovich (Lub Xya Hli 28), Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib tau tshwm sim. Tom qab 3 hnub, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob sab Europe - thaum Lub Xya Hli 31, kev tawm tsam tau tshaj tawm thiab tus neeg tsav tsheb Novgorod tau hloov nws lub tsho tsav tsheb mus rau cov tub rog hnav khaub ncaws. Cov aviation units ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog cov coob ntawm cov phooj ywg, tab sis lawv tau mob heev tsis muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb. Cov tub rog uas muaj cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb raug xa mus rau kev cob qhia thiab dhau los ua cov tshuab dav hlau.
Anisimov tau mus kawm ntawm ShMAS (lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov kws tshaj lij aviation junior), uas tau tsim los ntawm lub koom haum Polytechnic hauv St. Cov kev kawm ntawm mechanics nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev ceev npaj mechanics rau kev pab rau aircraft nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Tom qab kawm tiav, lub ob hlis ntuj 1915, ib tug tshiabminder - tsis yog tub ceev xwm Anisimov.
Tam sim no - hauv tsarist Russia, ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb tsis tuaj yeem ua npau suav li ntawd. Tab sis thawj kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej raug coj.
Voenlet
Kev Tawm Tsam thiab Kev Tsov Rog Hauv Zej Zog uas ua raws li ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Alexander Frolovich yog nyob rau hauv cov qeb ntawm cov revolutionary detachments overthrew tsoom fwv ib ntus thiab tawm tsam cov tub rog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Vladimir, uas staged counter-revolutionary ua qauv qhia. Tau koom nrog pab pawg ntawm Red Army, nws tseem ua haujlwm hauv aviation. Tus kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm pabcuam dav hlau uas ua rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hla txoj haujlwm ntawm Dawb Czechs thiab Dawb Ncej, ua kev tshawb nrhiav hauv qab ntawm Yudenich cov tub rog. Tab sis twb muaj lub hom phiaj coj mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej nws tus kheej, thiab Anisimov tab tom nrhiav kev taw qhia los kawm ntawm Yegorievsk Theoretical Military Aviation School. Lub tsev teev ntuj qub, uas cov tub rog tau nyob, lub hlwb me me rau ob tus neeg thiab cov chav kawm hnyav - lub tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog muab kev paub txog theoretical xwb. Nws tseem yuav tau kawm ya.
Tau paub txog qhov theoretical ntawm kev cob qhia (1922), cadet Anisimov tab tom kawm kev ya davhlau ntawm Kachinskaya thiab Moscow Aviation Schools (1923). Ib xyoo tom qab, lub tsev kawm ntawv aviation nyob rau hauv Serpukhov - ntawm no nws masters cov txuj ci ntawm aerial shooting thiab foob pob ua ntxaij. Tom qab kev cob qhia hauv chav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Red Army Air Force, tub rog tsav Anisimov, twb tau npaj zoo rau kev ua haujlwm, tuaj rau qhov kev pabcuam. Txoj kev nyuaj mus saum ntuj twb dhau lawm.
Anisimov ntseeg tias tus tsav yog tus kws kos duab saum ntuj. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum muajtus kheej airy sau ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas pilots qee zaum hais tias nws ntshai ntawm kev sib tw thiab yog li tsis tau nthuav tawm cov lus zais ntawm nws cov txuj ci.
Txoj kev npau suav
Ib qho lus xaiv tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua aviation units - ib tug fighter nrog impeccable aerobatics tau tshwm sim hauv Kyiv. Alexander Frolovich yeej muaj peev xwm ya zoo heev. Nws cov txheej txheem nyiam yog piloting ntawm qhov siab siab - yog xam, txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem, ua siab loj thiab zoo heev ntawm lub tshuab. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, cov tub ntxhais hluas pilot muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev thiab raug xaiv los hais kom ib tug txuas nyob rau hauv lub 3rd Kyiv squadron. Kev caw los ua tus kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Cua Force (1928) yog qhov tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm nws cov txuj ci. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog ib tus neeg yooj yim - nws nyiam sib cav, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Ntau tus xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws cov lus nyiam "vantya". Qhov no txhais li cas tsis muaj leej twg paub. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej - los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob mus rau kev thuam.
Lub sijhawm no, tus kws tsav dav hlau Anisimov dhau los ua tus ntsuas ntawm cov qauv tshiab fighter. Pavel Sukhoi, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Sergei Tupolev, tsim lub I-4, thawj tag nrho cov hlau lub teeb fighter. I-5, uas tau tsim los ntawm N. Polikarpov thiab D. Grigorovich, tom qab ntawd los ua tus qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub dav hlau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua aviation. Anisimov muab cov tshuab no ib daim pib mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Alexander Frolovich ntawm I-4 tau koom rau hauv lwm qhov project loj ntawm Soviet aircraft designers - "Txuas", uas koom nrog nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm lub teeb fighters - xa lawv mus rauntev mus, tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub tis ntawm ib tug loj aircraft. Nyob rau hauv 1931, Anisimov tau raug xaiv los ua ib tug detachment ntawm testers ntawm lub Air Force Research Institute.
Nyob rau hauv kab nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws
Ntau tus kws tsav dav hlau hauv tebchaws Soviet yog Anisimov cov npoj yaig hauv kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm Air Force Research Institute. M. M. Gromov, A. B. Yumashev, I. F. Kozlov, A. I. Zalevsky. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo tau txuas nrog nws nrog tus kws tsav dav hlau thiab tus kws sim - Valery Chkalov, uas nws tau ntsib hauv Yegorievsk aviation tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv feem ntau ya ua khub - Chkalov thiab Anisimov. Alexander Frolovich kho Valery nrog kev hwm zoo, uas yog 7 xyoo yau dua nws. Cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - saum ntuj lawv tau dhau los ua kev sib tw iab. Lawv qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua, uas tag nrho lub tshav dav hlau tau saib nrog kev ua pa tsis zoo, feem ntau xaus rau hauv kev nplua. Tab sis thaum kuaj cov tshuab tshiab, cov kws tsav dav hlau tau txiav txim siab tias nws yog lawv lub luag haujlwm los sim lawv cov kev sib tw davhlau hauv ib qho, qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, cov xwm txheej.
Lwm tus phooj ywg los ntawm tsev kawm aviation - P. I. Grokhovsky. Nws tau los ua tus tsim qauv, uas nws cov khoom tsim tau yuav tsum tau sim los ntawm Alexander Frolovich. Grokhovsky tau koom nrog hauv paratrooper systems. Nws yog nws uas tuaj nrog ib txoj kev tsaws cargo nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub khw. Tus kws tsav dav hlau uas tau tsav lub dav hlau thaum lub sijhawm sim yog AF Anisimov.
Rau kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev ya davhlau thiab huab cua hooliganism, Anisimov thiab Chkalov tau nquag "cov qhua" ntawm lub tshav dav hlau tiv thaiv. Feem ntau lawv tau coj ncaj qha los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes mus rau lub tshav dav hlau raunyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia txawv teb chaws delegations lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov tseeb Soviet fighters. Thiab ces ob tug pilots tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntuj tag nrho cov uas txaus ntshai, vim hais tias lawv raug xa mus rau lub guardhouse.
Aborted flight
Kev tuag ntawm Alexander Anisimov yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo aviation. Lub Kaum Hli 11, 1933, cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab tuaj txog ntawm lub tshav dav hlau txhawm rau ua yeeb yaj kiab Anisimov lub davhlau hauv I-5 fighter. Lub davhlau ua qauv qhia tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov siab qis thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm aerobatics. Ua ntej tsaws, tus kws tsav dav hlau dhia ob peb zaug ncaj qha mus rau lub koob yees duab, nqa lub dav hlau tawm ntawm kev dhia dej saum av. Ces nws ua lub immelmann thiab qhov no tshwm sim ob peb zaug. Ntawm qhov kev ua tiav tom ntej ntawm daim duab, lub dav hlau zoo li khov rau saum lub immelmann nrog lub log tig upside down. Poob ceev, nws pib sag down. Thiab yog li ntawd nws poob rau hauv av - txoj cai ntawm lub tsheb tavxij, nrog lub log ntsia saum ntuj. Qhov xaus ntawm lub aviation commission yog hais tias qhov kev huam yuaj tshwm sim vim ib tug tawg rudder tswj pedal nyob rau hauv lub davhlau. Hnub no, ib tug txawj ntse tester thiab virtuoso aerobatics pilot Anisimov tuag. Biography ntawm nws aviation kev ua tiav tau xaus li tam sim ntawd raws li ib tug tawg pedal mount, uas ua rau tus kws tsav dav hlau nws lub neej.
Tshwj xeeb tom qab
Oddly txaus, muaj lwm version ntawm kev tuag ntawm ib tug zoo aviator. Tus kws tsav dav hlau polar M. Kaminsky nco qab tias ua ntej tsaws, Anisimov tau ua "lub voj tuag" ob peb zaug, thaum nyob hauv qab ntawm nws txoj kev mus rau lub dav hlau.yuav luag kov hauv av. Lub sijhawm no, lub dav hlau nrhiav R-5 tau tsaws ntawm lub tshav dav hlau. Nws txoj kev sib tshuam nrog kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm I-5, uas tau tsav los ntawm Anisimov. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo, Alexander Frolovich tau sim hloov lub fighter mus rau sab, tab sis qhov siab yog qis heev. Lub dav hlau tsoo hauv av nrog nws tis - tus tsav tuag.
V. P. kuj ua tim khawv txog qhov xwm txheej no. Chkalov. Thaum lub ntees tuag ntawm nws tus phooj ywg, nws tau sawv ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm kev hwm thiab nws nyuaj siab kawg. Muaj kua muag hauv nws lub qhov muag.
