Cov lus Talysh yog los ntawm ib pawg lus Iranian thaum ub thiab nyob ze rau Kurdish, Tajik, Farsi, Baluchi. Tus kheej lub npe ntawm cov neeg uas hais lus no yog "tolysh" lossis "tolyshon". Hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb, muaj 2 versions txog nws keeb kwm. Qee tus neeg txhais lus suav tias yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov lus Azerbaijani thaum ub uas muaj nyob ua ntej lub sijhawm ntawm Turkization, thaum lwm tus xav txog nws, txawm hais tias muaj feem xyuam rau Azerbaijani, tab sis tshwj xeeb hauv caj ces.
Cov yam ntxwv dav dav thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm
Cov lus Talysh yog ib hom lus ntawm pawg neeg Caucasian loj. Keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev kawm pib tsis ntev dhau los - los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Thawj monograph tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1842 los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Iranist A. Khadzkon. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus no yog inextricably txuas nrog kab lis kev cai ntawm Azerbaijan. Muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm linguists hais tias nws yog ib tug "splinter" ntawm ancient Azerbaijani lus ntawm Iranian ceg. Hais txog cov lus, nws yog ib tus neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no.
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb xav tias nws tsis sau. Hauv Iran, tsab ntawv Arabic yog siv los xa cov lus Talysh. Nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, nrog lub advent ntawm Soviet hwj chim, nyob rau hauvlig 1920s Cov tsiaj ntawv Latin tau qhia los sau cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov lus Talysh, thiab xyoo 1939 tau sim los txhais nws ua Cyrillic.
In the 30s. xyoo pua 20th ntau phau ntawv thiab ntawv tseeb tau luam tawm hauv hom lus no, nws cov lus tau kawm. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev txaus siab rau nws tau nce vim qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws tus kheej ntawm lub teb chaws no.
Keeb Kwm
Mus txog rau tiam 17th. nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Azerbaijan nyob ib tug ancient neeg uas hais lus Azeri, uas belongs rau lub Northwestern subgroup ntawm Iranian lus. Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua XI. Tus naj npawb ntawm lub teb chaws no pib maj mam poob, thiab nws cov lus pib muab txoj hauv kev rau Turkic dialects. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm Mongol, cov neeg hauv tebchaws Iranian yuav luag tag nrho cov lus Turkic.
Dhau li ntawm cov hauv paus hniav Turkic, Talysh kuj muaj cov khoom nruab nrab. Cov lus Median nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm yog heev ze rau Persian. Cov pov thawj ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Medes yog cov nkauj seev cev nyob rau hauv cov lus Talysh - "halai" thiab "hollo". Txij thaum ancient sij hawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov poj niam ntawm haiv neeg no. Raws li cov lus dab neeg thaum ub, cov txiv neej yav dhau los kuj tau koom nrog lawv, ua las voos hauv ib sab ntawm kev seev cev puag ncig. Lawv tau npaj rau kev hwm ntawm Lo (los yog Lu, Lotani) - zaj, personifying lub ntsiab ntawm hluav taws thiab dej. Armenians nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm hu ua lub Medes "draconians", nqis los ntawm lub genus Azhdagak (los ntawm Persian "adzhaga" - "daj"). Tom qab ntawd, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo li no tau khaws cia hauv kab tshoob kev kos ntawm Talysh.
Nyob hauv cov lus ntawm cov lus Talysh, piv nrog lwm yam lus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:Arabic, Lavxias teb sab, Iranian, Persian.
Media
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus lej ntawm Talysh yog qhov tsis sib xws. Raws li kev suav pej xeem 2009, muaj txog 130 txhiab ntawm lawv hauv Iran, thiab txog 92 txhiab tus neeg hauv Azerbaijan (me ntsis ntau dua 1% ntawm cov pejxeem). Tsoomfwv Azerbaijani tsis ua cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb hauv cov lus qhia no. Cov duab saum toj no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qee cov kws tshawb fawb kom qis qis, txij li thaum lub sijhawm sau cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem, Talysh tau sau tseg tias yog Azerbaijanis. Raws li lwm qhov kev kwv yees, tag nrho cov naj npawb hauv ob lub tebchaws tau tshaj 1 lab tus tib neeg.
Cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus no nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian, nyob rau thaj tsam ciam teb ntawm Iran thiab Azerbaijan. Anthropologically, lawv nyob rau yav qab teb hom Caucasians. Nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, lub Talysh yog concentrated nyob rau hauv 4 cheeb tsam nrog ib tug me me subtropical huab cua:
- Lenkoransky (chaw tswj hwm - Lankaran).
- Astara (Astara).
- Lerik (Lerik).
- Masallinsky (Massaly).
Muaj ib lub zej zog loj loj ntawm Talysh hauv Baku thiab hauv nroog Sumgayit, qhov twg lawv cov lej nce mus txog 1/3 ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Hauv Iran, cov neeg no kuj nyob hauv ib pab pawg me me, hauv qhov qis qis ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian (cov xeev Gilan thiab Ardabil).
Ntse
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus Talysh yog lub sijhawm archaic hauv qab no muaj nyob hauv ntau hom lus Turkic:
- tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tenses thiab modalities ntawm verbs;
- kev sib txawv qiskev xav;
- fuzzy time division;
- tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev cog lus;
- polysemy ntawm verbs;
- fuzzy qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab ntau ntau.
Hauv hom lus no, 4 hom lus txawv los ntawm cov npe ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Azerbaijan uas cov Talysh nyob. Massalinsky yog ze heev rau Lankaran. Hauv ob hom lus no, nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov ntawv "st" lub "t" ploj. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus tseem nyob hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab ntawm cov lus hauv paus ib leeg thiab tsim cov lus tsis zoo ntawm cov lus qhia.
xeev tam sim no
Tam sim no, cov lus Talysh tau kawm zoo heev, ob peb phau ntawv txhais lus tau raug luam tawm, ntawm cov uas muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm xyoo 1976 los ntawm LA Pireiko. Phau ntawv txhais lus no muaj 6600 lo lus, cov lus pov thawj thiab aphorisms sau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg tau muab. Xyoo 2002, A. Abdoli phau ntawv "Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Sib Piv ntawm Talysh, Tat thiab Ancient Azeri Language" kuj tau luam tawm, thiab xyoo 2006, phau ntawv txhais lus Lavxias-Talysh muaj ntau dua 140,000 lo lus.
Txawm hais tias qhov no, hom lus no tsis tau siv dav hauv xov xwm ntawm Azerbaijan. Muaj ob peb lub sij hawm luam tawm. Cov lus tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv theem pib thiab yog ib qho kev xaiv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis nws tseem muaj ntau txoj kev sib txuas lus ntawm qhov ncauj hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
