Muaj ntau cov lus qhia ntawm kev hais lus, uas yog, cov uas qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov ncauj kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog vim hais tias kev hais lus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg sib txuas lus.
Raws li, qhov kev ua no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo thiab nta. Yog li ntawd, rau txhua hom kev hais lus, tib neeg tuaj nrog lawv cov lus qhia ntawm kev hais lus.
Ntse
Tus kws paub zoo kws paub txog V. I. Kodukhov tau mob siab rau ntau yam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb rau cov lus qhia ntawm kev hais lus. Nws hais tias qhov no yog pawg neeg coob tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus qhia txog kev ua. Feem ntau lawv yog siv los hais lus tsis ncaj ncees. Cov lus zoo li no muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub suab nrov ntawm kev hais lus (basil, squeaked, thiab hais txog), qhov ntim ntawm lub suab (ntxhi, qw, thiab lwm yam).
Koj tuaj yeem kwv yees los ntawm lawv txog ib puag ncig uas qhov kev nqis tes ua. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, ib tug neeg hais cov lus sai sai, feem ntau yuav muaj qee qhov laj thawj rau qhov no.
Kev faib tawm
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau muab lawv tus kheej cov kev xaiv los faib cov lus no rau hauv pab pawg. Cov kev faib tawm hauv qab no yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.
1. Verbs uas piav txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev hais lus hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav. Cov no suav nrog cov lus "hais", "hais", "hais", "hais" thiab ntau ntxiv.
2. Verbs qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus. Lawv qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm ib tug neeg. Piv txwv li: "ntxhi", "qhia", "yell" thiab lwm yam.
Tau cov lus no hauv cov ntawv nyeem, tus nyeem xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus.
3. Cov lus qhia txog qhov chaw ntawm ib tug replica nyob rau hauv kev sib tham, monologue, thiab hais txog. Hauv Lavxias, kev hais lus ntawm hom no feem ntau yuav raug xa mus rau "bookish" styles (scientific, artistic, thiab hais txog). Pawg pab pawg no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov lus "lus teb", "nug", "ntxiv", "mus txuas ntxiv", "tiav" thiab lwm yam.
4. Verbs ntawm kev hais lus, qhia qhov chaw ntawm cov lus hais hauv kev sib tham thiab qhia qee yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus hais. Cov no suav nrog cov lus "nug", "lus teb", "object", "confirm" thiab lwm tus.
Similar in meaning
Piv txwv ntawm kev hais lus qhia kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov lus uas thaum xub thawj siab tsis yog rau lawv.
Piv txwv, qhov tseeb ntawm kev xa ntawvcov ntaub ntawv feem ntau qhia siv cov lexical units "telegraph", "hu" thiab lwm yam.
zoo hloov
Nws tsis yog ib lo lus uas yuav siv tau los ntawm kev hais lus. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim txhawm rau txhawm rau qhia lub xeev uas tus neeg hais lus yog. Ib qho piv txwv tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus hauv qab no.
Nws maj: "hais sai! Kuv lig rau chav kawm." Cov lus qhia " nrawm" yog siv los ntawm qhov kev nkag siab ntawm "hais sai sai".
Cov lus qhia qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg thaum lub sij hawm hais lus ntawm cov ntawv yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi rau tib hom. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus xws li: "Nws luag ntxhi: "Txhua yam yuav zoo!"
Ib kab lus zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua nrog cov lus qhia: "smied", "frowned", "zoo siab", "xav" thiab lwm yam.
yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau mus txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txhais lo lus no ntawm lawv tus kheej. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev tau hais tias tsuas yog cov lus uas qhia ncaj qha rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hais lus tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau pawg no. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm ntau yam nuances ntawm qhov kev txiav txim no tsis ncaj qha rau cov lus qhia ntawm kev hais lus.
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas lus tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm lwm cov lus lossis lexical tsim.
Ob qhov kev sib tw no cov kws tshawb fawb tau teeb tsa rau lawv tus kheej:
1. Xav txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus hais nrog lwm qhovlus.
2. Txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv, nyob ntawm cov qauv uas lawv suav nrog. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias cov adherents ntawm qhov kev xav no hu cov lus qhia ntawm kev hais lus cov lexical units uas, tsis hais lub ntsiab lus, yeej ib txwm siv los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm "hais lus". Cov philologists no kuj paub txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv thiab ntxoov ntxoo.
Ntxhais
Cov lus ntawm kev hais lus feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm mob siab rau kev tsom xam ntawm kev kos duab qhia nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv.
Nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim uas yuav suav tag nrho cov lus qhia peb tab tom txiav txim siab uas muaj nyob hauv ib phau ntawv tshwj xeeb, nrog rau suav tus lej ntawm kev siv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Lub predominance ntawm pawg "nruab nrab" tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho cim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, xws li kev xaiv ntawm cov lus qhia tau hais tias tus kws sau ntawv tau nrhiav kom muab nws txoj haujlwm nrawm dua, muaj zog, tsis muaj nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus me. Tib cov txheej txheem kuj tuaj yeem pab ua kom cov ntawv nyeem hnyav dua, tshawb fawb, lossis, sib piv, sib dua.
Ib qho kev soj ntsuam zoo sib xws ntawm qhov tshiab "The Gadfly" los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv E. Voynich tau ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv nws, nruab nrab verbs ntawm kev hais lus feem ntau pom. Qhov no tsim cov nyhuv ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev xav, tsis ncaj ncees piav txog cov xwm txheej. Cov style ntawm kev nthuav qhia no yog ib yam rau keeb kwm novels. Los ntawm kev siv qee cov lus hauv kev piav qhia cov lus ntawm cov cim, ib tus tuaj yeem taug qab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg piav qhia rau cov cim. Cov luspab qhia tus cwj pwm.
Cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov lus Lavxias feem ntau tham txog ntau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua yuam kev cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov lus sib txuas rau lo lus "hais". Hauv xov xwm, lo lus "hais" tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev. Tab sis yog tias koj tig mus rau nws cov lus txhais, koj tuaj yeem pom cov hauv qab no: koj tuaj yeem tshaj tawm los ntawm kev hais lus, hais tawm cov kev xav uas tau sau tseg, lossis los ntawm kev hais cov kab lus uas muaj kev xav ntau ntxiv.
Insidious synonyms
Thaum pom thawj zaug, cov lus hais tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem rau tus hais lus. Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd. Cov lus no yog synonymous, tab sis contextual. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov tsim nyog ntawm lawv siv nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Nws tseem tsim nyog them nyiaj rau lawv cov kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov lus. Piv txwv li, thaum siv cov lus qhia "sib koom" hauv kev nkag siab ntawm "hais", ib tus yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem siv los piav qhia txog kev hais lus, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho uas ib tug neeg hais txog nws txoj kev xav lossis kev npaj rau yav tom ntej. Cov lus qhia "kom nug ib lo lus nug" tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau qeb ntawm cov lus uas tsab xov xwm no tau mob siab rau. Nws tsis yog piav qhia ncaj qha txog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog nws.
Raws li koj paub, cov ntawv nyeem thiab hais lus tuaj yeem pom thiab xa mus rau ntau txoj hauv kev, nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm txhua qhov kev nkag siab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntsiab lus, cov lus thiab kab lus xws li"nug ib lo lus nug", "xav", "xav txog", kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev hais lus. Piv txwv li, kab lus "Lawv tau txiav txim siab faib nyiaj rau kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai" piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej uas ib qho kev txiav txim siab los ntawm ib pawg neeg ua ke. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev hais lus yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem no.
As xaus
Zaj lus no tau mob siab rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais lus ua lus Lavxias. Tej zaum nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau tus neeg nyeem - los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab rau cov neeg uas nws cov haujlwm tshaj lij suav nrog kev sau cov ntawv tsis tu ncua. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij xwb, tab sis kuj tseem txhua tus neeg uas hais lus Lavxias yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim hais txog kev siv cov lus hais kom raug.
