Alloy hlau tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Cia peb tsom xam qee yam ntawm lawv, qhia txog lawv qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws.
Piv txwv ntawm cov hlau alloying
Titanium yog ib qho khoom siv dav dav hauv cov xwm txheej. Muaj txog 60 titanium cov zaub mov ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb, tab sis kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ilmenite thiab rutile.
Rutile muaj txog 60 feem pua titanium. Qhov ntom ntawm cov ntxhia yog 4, 3, hardness yog 6. Nws tshuav nws lub npe rau lub roob Ilmensky, qhov twg nws tau pom thawj zaug. Niaj hnub no, cov ntxhia no tau nthuav tawm raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm titanium.
Titan yam ntxwv
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub caij no tau pom. Nws muaj qhov siab melting point ntawm qhov tsawg ntom. Tag nrho cov hlau alloying, nrog rau titanium, muaj zog thiab corrosion kuj. Nws yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua yam thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm titanium uas ua rau nws xav tau hauv lub foob pob hluav taws, aircraft, thiab kev lag luam aviation.
Hnub no, ntau ntau qib sib txawv ntawm cov muaj zog, kub-resistant, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys nrog chromium, silicon, txhuas, manganese, tooj liab,hlau.
Cov khoom siv
Ceeb toom cov lus nug ntawm cov hlau alloying yog dab tsi, peb nco ntsoov tias peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv ntxiv uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau uas ua tau.
Titanium alloys tau qhia lawv cov kev tiv thaiv rau dej hiav txwv, huab cua, thiab ib puag ncig hnyav. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws corrosion tau ua titanium ib qho ntawm feem ntau nrhiav-tom qab additives nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm alloys.
Spread in nature
Highly alloying hlau nyob rau hauv xwm yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ores. Piv txwv li, Malkin hlau ore (Northern Caucasus) muaj cov titanium txaus. Nws tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb bas altic ntawm Karachay. Titanium-magnesite ore yog suav tias yog cog lus hauv Armenia.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm vanadium
Thaum teev cov hlau alloying, vanadium kuj yuav tsum tau hais. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, nws muaj nyob rau hauv pob zeb, thiab nyob rau hauv ores nyob rau hauv ib tug tawg daim ntawv. Rau kev sib cais ntawm kev lag luam, cov zaub mov xws li carnotite, patronite, vanadinite yog siv. Ntshiab vanadium yog xim grey thiab muaj xim hlau.
Vanadium yog siv hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, nws yog siv los tsim cov hlau zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais nrog ntxiv ntawm vanadium tau txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Cov hlau alloying zoo li no yuav tsum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hauv metallurgy, kev lag luam tsheb. Vanadium oxides yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam chemical ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lawv xav tau hauv kev yees duab, pleev xim, dyeing.production.
Yuav ua li cas lwm cov hlau alloying tuaj yeem siv tau? Cov npe suav nrog tantalum, chromium, niobium, titanium, vanadium. Lawv xav tau kom tau txais corrosion-resistant thiab kub-resistant alloys siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv technology.
Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, vanadium yog siv hauv kev lag luam nuclear fais fab rau kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Nickel yam ntxwv
Teb cov lus nug ntawm cov hlau dab tsi yog alloying rau aluminium alloys, cia peb xaiv nickel. Qhov no silvery dawb hlau txhim kho txhua yam kuj thiab sib nqus zog. Qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau dav hlau tshuab thiab hauv kev tsim cov roj turbine nroj tsuag. Nickel-chromium alloys yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua kom sov-tiv taus thiab kub-tiv taus cov yam ntxwv, yog li lawv xav tau hauv nuclear reactors, anti-corrosion txheej, thiab tsim cov roj teeb alkaline.
Kev lag luam tshuaj tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau no, lawv tau siv los ua cov catalysts.
Nickel ores muaj nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Armenia, Georgia, hauv North Caucasus.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cob alt
Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, nws cov ntsiab lus tsis tshaj 0.004 feem pua. Ntawm cov zaub mov uas xav tau hauv kev lag luam, peb sau tseg: asbolan, cob altite, linneite, sm altin.
Cob alt yog siv rau kev tsim cov alloys nrog siab sib nqus induction, tsim cov cua sov-resistant thiab kub-resistant steels. Nyob rau hauv cov ceramic, iav kev lag luam, cov pob zeb zoo zoo pigment yog tsim los ntawm cob alt tebchawxiav.
Ib tug cob alt deposit tau pom nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, nws nyob ntawm no tias nws yog mined rau ib tug industrial scale.
yam ntxwv ntawm molybdenum
Cov hlau no muaj lub cev muaj zog uas ua rau nws zoo ib yam li txhuas. Rau kev tsim khoom, molybdenite yog siv, muaj li 70 feem pua ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, nws pib siv nyob rau hauv lub peb caug xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo los tsim tshwj xeeb alloys. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum ho nce lub zog thiab ductility ntawm steel.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau aviation, mechanical engineering. Nws cov alloys nyuaj nrog chromium, vanadium, npib tsib xee, tungsten yog siv los tsim cov kua qaub-resistant thiab cov cuab yeej steel. Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, molybdenum yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov filaments ntawm lub qhov cub hluav taws xob, nrog rau hauv xov tooj cua thiab hluav taws xob engineering. Nws cov oxide nthuav tawm cov khoom catalytic hauv cov roj refining, yog qhov xav tau hauv kev tsim cov xim, tshuaj reagents.
Zoo kawg
Ntau yam alloying hlau tam sim no siv hauv kev tsim cov hlau, tso cai rau koj muab cov alloys qee yam ntxwv. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov hlau tsim, qee cov hlau ntxiv yuav tsum tau siv. Piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tungsten ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais cov cua sov-resistant steels uas qhov chaw lag luam xav tau.
