Tsim cov ntawv teev npe ntawm cov neeg siv, txawm hais tias tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tab sis tseem ceeb heev hauv kev sau ntawv ib qho kev tshawb fawb. Txhawm rau ua qhov yog thiab tsis txhob ua yuam kev, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ntau txoj cai yooj yim. Dab tsi? Cia peb kawm txog lawv, thiab tseem xav txog cov nuances cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov ntawv teev npe.
Daim npe hu ua "bibliographic"
Nov yog lub npe ntawm daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv uas siv tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb lossis tshawb fawb.
Nws muab tso ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev paub daws teeb meem, cov ntawv sau lossis cov ntawv tshaj tawm yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv tiag. Thiab lawv tsis yog tag nrho cov khoom ntawm kev xav ntawm lawv tus tsim, uas yuav tsim nyog rau kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis tsis yog rau kev tshawb fawb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv teev npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog pov thawj ntawm qhov tseem ceebkev tshawb fawb los ntawm tus sau ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev kawm. Yog li ntawd, ntau daim ntawv teev npe, qhov zoo dua.
Cov kev nkag hauv cov npe no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no yog cov tswv yim sib txawv me ntsis. Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau los taw qhia rau qee qhov ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas tau hais. Cov ntawv sau hauv phau ntawv, ntawm qhov tod tes, xa mus rau tag nrho phau ntawv lossis kab lus thiab tsis tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem lossis cov lus hauv qab. Lawv ib txwm sau thaum kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm hauv ib daim ntawv teev npe.
Typology ntawm qhov chaw
Thaum sau ib qho lus sau tseg, nws tus kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem kos kev tshoov siab tsis yog los ntawm cov phau ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob ntawm seb nws hom, qhov sib txawv hauv qab no ntawm cov peev txheej rau cov ntawv teev npe muaj qhov txawv:
- Books. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si ua haujlwm ntawm ib tus kws sau ntawv, thiab pab pawg neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no suav nrog phau ntawv txhais lus, phau ntawv txhais lus, phau ntawv sau ntau, phau ntawv xyoo, sau thiab ntau dua.
- kev cai lij choj.
- khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Articles from periodicals.
khoom xaj
Thaum kos ib daim ntawv teev npe, cov kev cai yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kev tso cov ntawv nkag rau hauv nws, raws li lawv cov ntawv sau.
- Laws.
- Books.
- Articles.
- Local electronic sources (discs).
- Remote web resources.
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov chaw ua lus txawv teb chaws tau teev tom qab txhua tus neeg Lavxias.
polub hauv paus ntsiab lus twg yuav tsum muaj nyob
Ntxiv nrog rau kev sau ntawv, txhua qhov kev nkag hauv cov ntawv teev npe raug raug yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no.
- niam ntawv. Qhov kev txiav txim no nrov tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ua ke nrog lwm tus. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, cov tsiaj ntawv thawj zaug hauv cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog tias muaj ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm tib tus kws sau ntawv hauv cov ntawv teev npe, lawv raug sau cov tsiaj ntawv los ntawm cov ntawv thawj ntawm cov npe.
- Los ntawm xyoo. Qhov no yog lub thiaj li hu ua "chronological txoj cai". Inherent rau scientific ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab lwm yam kev qhuab qhia. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov peev txheej siv tau teem caij raws li lub xyoo ntawm lawv tshaj tawm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj cai no yog los qhia txog kev txhim kho cov kev xav ntawm ib qho teeb meem hauv kev kawm. Yog tias muaj ob peb phau ntawv lossis cov ntawv sau hnub tim tib lub xyoo hauv cov ntawv teev npe no, lawv tau muab cov ntawv sau ua ke.
- Ntawm cov ncauj lus. Txoj kev no, uas txhua qhov chaw muab tso rau hauv cov npe mini, raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov thaiv, lawv tau txheeb cov tsiaj ntawv los yog chronologically.
- Tshuaj los ntawm tshooj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov peev txheej yog systematized raws li cov tshooj ntawm kev tshawb fawb, uas yog sau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv.
qauv
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav lub ntiaj teb kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb, cov kev cai tsis sib xws tau raug coj los ua thoob ntiaj teb qhia tias yuav tsum tau teev npe li cas. Nws yog lawv leej twg yuav tsum qhia txhua tus kws tshawb fawb lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv ntiaj teb yuav ua li cas kosDaim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Raws li cov cai no, txhua lub xeev tsim nws tus kheej cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lawv yog tib yam, tab sis tej zaum yuav txawv me ntsis cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib lub vev xaib hauv Lavxias Federation, "Access mode" yog siv. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, nws tau raug hloov los ntawm cov khoom siv digital tshaj plaws (doi). Tib lub sijhawm, ob qho tib si, cov ntaub ntawv qhia qhov chaw nyob hauv Is Taws Nem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (website, nplooj ntawv web).
Hnub no, rau Lavxias Federation, thaum sau cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, ntau lub xeev cov qauv siv.
- Rau cov ntawv teev npe - GOST 7.1-2003 No. 332-st.
- GOST 7.82 - 2001 siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zos thiab tej thaj chaw deb.
- Tseem tseem muaj ntau dua GOST R 7.0.5–2008. Nws yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tshaj tawm thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv. Nws kuj muaj cov cai rau kev tsim cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tshwj xeeb ntau hauv kev sau cov npe hauv cov npe xws li hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Kev xaiv rau lub npe ntawm cov npe ntawm qhov chaw
Ua ntej koj pib sau, koj yuav tsum tuaj nrog lub npe. Rau txhua daim ntawv teev npe, GOST tso cai rau koj xaiv lub npe dawb lossis tsawg dua. Tab sis, hauv qhov laj thawj, tsis yog "Bibliography", tab sis qee yam tshwj xeeb. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum lub npe yuav qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov peev txheej muaj. Peb qhov sib txawv yog ntau.
- "Lus qhia txog kev siv". Cov lus no yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv lub npe yog tiascov npe tsuas muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txheeb xyuas hauv kev ua haujlwm lossis cov lus hais tau muab los ntawm nws.
- "Cov npe siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov peev txheej". Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag tshwm sim hauv txoj haujlwm, qhov tseeb yog qhov chaw.
- Yog tias daim ntawv teev npe muaj tag nrho cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv (uas tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm nws tus tsim, tab sis tsis tas yuav suav nrog hauv kev ua tiav), tsuas yog "cov ntaub ntawv" tuaj yeem tshwm hauv nws lub npe, tsis muaj lo lus "siv".
Tsim ib daim ntawv teev npe raws li GOST: lub ntsiab algorithm
Nyob ntawm hom ntawm qhov chaw, cov txheej txheem kaw yuav txawv me ntsis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsim rau txhua yam ntawm cov npe yog tib yam.
Schematically, nws zoo li qhov no:
Writer, O. W. Phau ntawv hais txog tej yam [Source type] / O. W. Writer. - Gdeotpechatsk: Publishing House, 2018. - 123 p.
Raws li qhov piv txwv no, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem yooj yim rau kev sau cov lus siv hauv cov ntawv teev npe.
- Tus sau lub xeem, "comma" sau npe.
- Ntau yam. Qee zaum [Tex] lossis [Electronic resource], "slash".
- Qhia txog lub luag haujlwm. Cov npe thiab lub npe ntawm tus tsim / tus tsim, "dot", "dash" yog qhia ntawm no.
- Npe lub nroog uas phau ntawv tau luam tawm. Yog hais tias nws yog Moscow, nws raug tso cai rau abbreviate nws mus rau "M" (tsis yog Moriarty), "colon" lub npe ntawm lub publisher, "comma", xyoo, "dot", "dash", tus naj npawb ntawm nplooj ntawv, "s", "dot".
Ntau Tus Sau
Ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua nrog qhov tseeb tias tsis yog ib tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis tag nrho pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm tib phau ntawv. Nyob ntawm lawv tus lej, txoj kev sau ntawv no kuj txawv.
Cia peb xav txog qhov piv txwv ntawm tib "Phau ntawv txog ib yam dab tsi" los ntawm O. W. Writer.
- Yog tias muaj ob lossis peb tus sau, cov npe thib ob thiab thib peb tsuas yog qhia hauv nqe lus ntawm lub luag haujlwm (tom qab lub npe). Piv txwv li: Writer, O. W. Phau ntawv hais txog ib yam dab tsi [Text] / O. W. Writer, Z. P. Thinker. - Gdeotpechatsk: Publishing House, 2018. - 321 p.
- Thaum ib phau ntawv muaj plaub lossis ntau tus sau, lub npe sau ua ntej, ua raws li lub luag haujlwm. Thov nco ntsoov: thaum muaj ntau tshaj plaub tus tsim, [thiab lwm tus] raug qhia tsis yog cov npe ntawm tus so, nws raug tso cai sau tag nrho cov npe tshwj tsis yog thawj tus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov tsis sib xws rau GOST. Phau ntawv hais txog tej yam [Text] / O. U. Writer, Z. P. Thinker, P. Z. Doer [thiab lwm tus] - Gdeotpechatsk: Publishing House, 2018. - 123 p.
Cov phau ntawv txhais lus
Nws yog ib qho zoo heev rau cov ntaub ntawv uas txhais los ntawm lwm yam lus. Hauv qhov no, qhov txuas yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus sau, tab sis kuj hais txog tus txhais lus thiab tus thawj hom lus.
Xav txog lwm qhov piv txwv.
Plyushkin, V. A. Bagels ua lub cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb infinity [Tseem] / V. A. Plyushkin; rau. los ntawm lus Askiv. N. V. Chaikina - Print-grad: Publishing house, 1998. - 456 p.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv, cov txheej txheem formatting zoo ib yam li cov lus teev tseg hauv kab lus dhau los. Tsuas yog tom qab cov npe ntawm cov neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm, muab "semicolon" thiab sau txog tus neeg uas tau hloov pauv.
Bagels raws li lub cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb infinity [Text] / V. A. Plyushkin, A. V. Pirozhkov, M. S. Tortikov; rau. los ntawm lus Askiv. N. V. Chaikina - Print-gradsk: Publishing House, 1998. - 789 p.
Yog tias ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm rau kev txhais lus, lawv cov lej raug txo qis ib yam li nrog cov sau.
Bagels ua ib lub cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb infinity [Text] / V. A. Plyushkin, A. V. Pirozhkov, M. S. Tortikov [thiab lwm tus]; rau. los ntawm lus Askiv. N. V. Chaikin, A. P. Kofeinikov, O. V. Konyakovsky [thiab lwm tus] - Print-grad: Publishing House, 1998. - 456 p.
Multi-volume editions
Txoj kev tsim cov peev txheej uas muaj ob peb phau ntawv txawv me ntsis. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm ntim thiab lub npe ntawm cov ntim tshwj xeeb no tau ntxiv rau lub npe.
Piv txwv: Tus sau ntawv, O. W. Ua tiav ua haujlwm hauv 20 phau ntawv T. 3 Phau ntawv hais txog ib yam dab tsi [Text] / O. W. Writer. - Gdeotpechatsk: Publishing House, 2018. - 321 p.
Kev sau tus lej sau yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ib txwm muaj.
Articles
Qhov txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov txuas yog tias nws zoo li dos nrog nws cov txheej. Thawj txheej yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tsab xov xwm nws tus kheej, qhov thib ob - hais txog lub sijhawm uas nws tau luam tawm.
Piv txwv: Tus kws sau ntawv, O. W. Ib tsab xov xwm hais txog ib yam dab tsi [Text] // Kev lom zem ua ntu zus. - Gdeotpechatsk: Publishing House, 2018. - No. 19. - P. 12-33
Yog tias tsab xov xwm raug txhais, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus txhais lus ntxiv rau "dos".
Writer, O. U. Ib tsab xov xwm hais txog ib yam dab tsi [Text]; rau. los ntawm lus Askiv. N. V. Kuzkina, P. S. Voloshkevich, A. Sh. Maksimov [et al.]// Clever magazine. - Gdepechatsk: Publishing House, 2015. - No. 33. - P. 10-33
Laws
Thaum sau ib qho kev cai lij choj raws li qhov chaw, ib tus yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Title [Text] or [Electronic resource]. Tom qab nws "colon".
- Qhia txog hnub lees txais daim ntawv. Tom qab - "ob slashes".
- Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub npe ntawm kev tshaj tawm, xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Dot, dash, thiab C. (nplooj) qhia los ntawm kev khiav ceev ntawm nplooj ntawv uas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kab lus nyob.
Xav txog ua piv txwv tus qauv GOST rau daim ntawv teev npe, nrog rau lwm tus. Tom qab tag nrho, ua ib lub xeev tus qauv, nws kuj belongs rau qeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj.
khoom siv hluav taws xob
Yog tias, thaum sau cov ntawv sau cia, koj yuav tsum qhia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm Is Taws Nem, lawv cov ntaub ntawv muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Thov nco ntsoov: koj tsis tuaj yeem nqa thiab qhia qhov txuas mus rau lub vev xaib lossis nplooj ntawv web. Nov yog qhov yuam kev loj heev.
Qhov tseeb algorithm rau sau qhov Internet zoo li no:
- Surname thiab lub npe ntawm tus sau.
- Npe ntawm kab lus lossis lub vev xaib.
- [Electronic resource], "slash".
- Lub luag haujlwm cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tsis tau xwbtus sau, tab sis kuj yog lub npe ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nws lub vev xaib tsab xov xwm tau luam tawm.
- hnub tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv (yog muaj).
- "Access Mode", aka URL, aka email chaw nyob.
- Hnub ncig: hnub, "dot", hli "dot", xyoo, "dot". Qhia txog hnub uas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw tau nyeem los ntawm tus neeg siv. Txij li lub sijhawm dhau mus, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv, zoo li lub xaib nws tus kheej.
Piv txwv li, muaj ib tsab xov xwm tshwj xeeb rau tus kws kos duab uas tsis ntev los no tau tuag "Marvel" - Stan Lee. Siv nws tus piv txwv, cia peb xav txog yuav ua li cas lub hauv paus yuav tsum formatted:
Landar E. Nco ntsoov Stan Lee: cov kiv cua tsim kev kos duab rau kev hwm ntawm lawv tus mlom [Electronic resource]. Access mode: https://kakoitosait.ru/post/photography/2018/3541-18-111(Hnub nkag: 2018-23-11)
Dhau li ntawm cov chaw nyob deb, muaj cov hauv zos (disks). Sau lawv li ib qhov txuas yog ze rau phau ntawv.
Piv txwv: Tus sau ntawv, O. W. Phau ntawv hais txog tej yam [Electronic resource] / O. W. Writer. - Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob. - Gdepechatsk: Publishing House, 2016. - CD
Examples
Ua tiav nrog ob peb yam piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas sau cov ntaub ntawv kom raug.
Thiab qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv teev npe. Koj tuaj yeem paub koj tus kheej nrog nws tus qauv tsim.
Thiab ib qho ntxiv. Ua raws li tag nrho cov cai thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsis muaj teeb meem. Qhov tseem ceeb yog txuagsequence.
Tom qab kawm paub yuav ua li cas sau cov ntawv sau cia kom raug, pib sim koj tus kheej thiab ntseeg tias: koj yuav ua tiav!
