Ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv lus Lavxias rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm yog phonetics. Feem ntau, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua yuam kev hauv kev txheeb xyuas lub suab ntawm cov lus, tus cwj pwm ntawm qee lub suab, phonemes. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, kev paub ntawm phonetics yog tus yuam sij rau kev txawj thiab kab lis kev cai hais lus. Yog li ntawd, ntau xim yuav tsum tau them rau qhov teeb meem xws li suab. Niaj hnub no peb txaus siab rau lub suab vowel. Cov ntawv lawv sawv cev kuj tseem yuav tham hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Peb yuav tsis quav ntsej txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab ntawm peb cov lus.
Suab los yog ntawv?
Pib nrog, cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb peb yuav piav qhia hauv kab lus no. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias muaj coob tus neeg ntseeg hais tias muaj consonants thiab vowels nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Ntau tus txawm npaj los sib cav thiab yuav tiv thaiv lawv cov ntaub ntawv nrog ua npuas ncauj ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Tab sis puas yog?
Qhov tseeb, hauv Lavxias, tsuas yog suab qiv lawv tus kheej rau kev faib tawm. Cov ntawv ua haujlwmTsuas yog cov duab kos npe ntawm ib lub xov tooj tshwj xeeb lossis txawm tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm phonemes, thiab tseem qhia qhov peculiarity ntawm lub suab ntawm ib lub suab. Yog li ntawd, ib tug tsis tuaj yeem hais tias cov ntawv yog vowels lossis consonants, stressed los yog unstressed.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Cia peb mus ncaj qha rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, muaj rau vowel suab, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog denoted los ntawm kaum "vowels". Thaum cov suab no raug tsim, cov kwj ntawm huab cua khiav tawm ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, uas tsis ntsib teeb meem hauv nws txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, cov suab suab tsuas muaj ib lub suab xwb. Tsis zoo li consonants, lawv tuaj yeem ncab lossis hu nkauj. Cov suab no suav nrog: [a], [o], [y], [e], , [s].
Cov suab lus muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab no: kab, nce siab, ntxhov siab lossis tsis ntxhov siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tus tuaj yeem ua ib tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li labialization.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias nws yog cov suab uas ua lub suab ua suab. Nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov menyuam yaus raug qhia kom paub cov suab lus hauv ib lo lus los ntawm kev suav cov vowels "cov ntawv".
Suab yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm kev hais lus, uas tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov lus, tab sis kuj pab kom paub qhov txawv cov lus nrog lub suab zoo sib xws (piv txwv li, "hma" thiab "tsob hav zoov" sib txawv nkaus xwb. ib lub suab). Science of phonetics kawm vowels thiab consonants.
Tam sim no peb mus saib txhua tus yam ntxwv tau hais.
Kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis ntxhov siab
Cia peb pib nrog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ntawm qhov taw tessaib ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm kev hais lus, yam ntxwv. Txhua lub suab tuaj yeem ntxhov siab lossis tsis ntxhov siab. Ib tug vowel nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab tsis tshua muaj qhov txawv dua li nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm nyuaj. Raws li kev sau ntawv, txawm li cas los xij, tsis hais txog txoj haujlwm twg, lawv suav nrog cov ntawv tib yam. Stressed vowels nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv siv cov cim kev ntxhov siab uas sawv saum tsab ntawv. Qhov kev xaiv no feem ntau yog siv tsawg, siv me me, thiab cov lus hais.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov suab tsis muaj suab nrov tsawg dua thiab tuaj yeem ua raws li lub xov tooj sib txawv thaum sau ntawv. Yog li, cov lus tsis txaus siab "o" tuaj yeem ua suab zoo li "a", thiab "i" tuaj yeem ua suab zoo li "e" hauv cov dej hais lus, ntxiv rau, qee zaum lub suab suab tuaj yeem ploj mus tag nrho. Hauv qhov no, cov ntawv sau yuav txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj.
Piv txwv li, lo lus "mis" hauv kev sau ntawv suab yuav zoo li no:
1. [malak`o] - sau ntawv ua ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm.
2. [malak`o] - cov ntawv sau zoo li no feem ntau siv hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm philological faculties. Daim paib "ъ" txhais tau hais tias lub suab "a" pronounces luv luv, yuav luag poob ntawm lo lus thaum hais.
Nco ntsoov tias cov lus tsis txaus siab yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Cov ntawv uas qhia lawv ntawm tsab ntawv tsis yog ib txwm zoo ib yam li lub suab nrov, uas ua rau muaj ntau qhov yuam kev. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg txog kev sau ib lo lus kom raug, siv phau ntawv txhais lus sau los yog tshawb xyuas qhov kev sau ntawm lo lus siv cov cai koj paub.
Labialization
Hauv lus Lavxias muaj cov suab labialized - "o" thiab "u". Hauv qee phau ntawv, lawv kuj tseem hu ua rounded. Lawv peculiarity nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lawv hais, daim di ncauj koom nrog, stretching rau pem hauv ntej. Cov suab vowels ntawm cov lus Lavxias tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb no.
Tsab ntawv hais txog cov suab suab uas muaj cov yam ntxwv no yog sau rau hauv cov ntawv sau ua tib yam li cov suab zoo tib yam.
Raws
Hauv Lavxias, raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm tus nplaig hauv lub qhov ncauj thaum hais lub suab, peb kab yog qhov txawv: pem hauv ntej, nruab nrab thiab nraub qaum.
Yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus nplaig thaum hais lub suab nyob hauv qab ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, ces nws (lub suab) belongs rau kab rov qab. Cov kab hauv ntej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum hais cov lus hais txog nws, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus nplaig yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Yog hais tias cov lus nyob ib nrab ntawm lub sij hawm hais lus, lub suab belongs rau nruab nrab vowels.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov no los yog cov suab hauv Lavxias teb sab?
[o], [y] - rov row;
[a], [s] - nruab nrab;
, [e] - pem.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov yam ntxwv no yooj yim heev, qhov tseem ceeb yog nco ntsoov lawv. Xav tias tsis muaj ntau lub suab lus hauv Lavxias, nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev nco txog qhov kev faib tawm no.
Rais
Tseem tseem muaj lwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov vowels raws li txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus nplaig thaum hais lus. Ntawm no, ib yam li hauv kev faib tawm los ntawm series,muaj peb hom suab: low, medium thiab high elevation.
tus yam ntxwv no coj mus rau hauv tus account txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus nplaig nyob rau hauv lub palate. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm pronunciation cov lus nyob ze rau nws li sai tau, ces lub suab belongs rau lub vowels ntawm lub sab sauv elevation, tab sis yog hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau deb txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub palate, lub qis dua. Yog hais tias tus nplaig nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nruab nrab, nws hais txog cov vowels ntawm nruab nrab nce.
Kev txiav txim siab qhov siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab vowels belongs rau:
[a] - qab;
[e], [o] - nruab nrab;
[and], [s], [y] - top.
Tus yam ntxwv thiab kev faib tawm no kuj tseem tuaj yeem nco tau yooj yim.
Cov suab thiab cov ntawv
Raws li tau hais lawm, tsuas muaj rau lub vowels xwb, tab sis hauv kev sau ntawv lawv tau muab los ntawm kaum tsab ntawv. Wb sib tham txog cov tsiaj ntawv twg muaj nyob hauv Lavxias.
Lub suab [a] tuaj yeem xa los ntawm cov ntawv hauv qab no: "a", "ya" (phonetically [ya]). Hais txog lub phoneme [o], ces hauv kev sau ntawv nws txhais tau tias "o" thiab "yo" (phonetically [yo]). Labialized [y] tuaj yeem xa ob tsab ntawv "u" thiab "yu" (phonetically [yu]). Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog lub suab [e]: nws tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm cov ntawv "e" thiab "e" (phonetically [ye]).
Lwm ob lub suab thiab [s] tsuas yog txhais los ntawm ib tsab ntawv - "i" thiab "s", raws li. Ntawm no yog tag nrho cov npe vowels: a, o, u, i, e, u, e, e, i, s.
Kev txiav txim siab
Ntau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv qib siab, yuav tsum taufim tej hauj lwm xws li kev sau cov lus. Xav txog cov algorithm, tsom rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov vowels.
Qhov kev txiav txim uas yuav ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm hom no yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Peb sau lo lus rau hauv daim ntawv uas muab rau koj.
2. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias cov ntawv twg yog "vowels", thiab qhov twg yog qhov nyuaj. Qhov ntawd yog, koj yuav tsum muab qhov tseem ceeb.
3. Peb faib lo lus rau hauv lub suab. Hauv no peb tuaj yeem siv tag nrho cov suab suab tib yam.
4. Peb sau cov lus sau ntawm lub suab ntawm lo lus, coj mus rau hauv tus account txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob lub vowels thiab consonants nyob rau hauv lo lus, lawv variants (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug unstressed txoj hauj lwm [o] yuav suab zoo li [a]).
5. Peb sau tag nrho cov ntawv hauv ib kab.
6. Peb txiav txim siab seb lub suab twg los yog suav cov suab txhais tau tias yog tsab ntawv no lossis tsab ntawv ntawd, thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv no rau hauv kab lus.
7. Piav cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab. Ntawm no peb yuav tsis nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm consonants, peb yuav nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov vowels. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev lig kev cai, tsuas yog txoj haujlwm ntawm lub suab txheeb ze rau qhov kev ntxhov siab yog qhia (shocked lossis tsis ntxhov siab). Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, ntawm cov tsev kawm philological, cov koob thiab kev nce siab, nrog rau qhov muaj suab nrov labialization, tau qhia ntxiv.
8. Cov kauj ruam kawg yog suav cov ntawv thiab cov suab hauv cov lus txheeb xyuas.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuaj. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg qhov kev sau ntawv, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas nws siv phau ntawv txhais lus sau ntawv.
Cov Lus Qhia
Muaj rau lub suab hauv Lavxias, uas sib xws rau kaum tsab ntawv sautsiaj ntawv. Cov suab no, zoo li lwm cov phonemes, yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm cov lexical units tau tsim. Nws yog ua tsaug rau lub suab uas peb paub qhov txawv cov lus, vim hais tias kev hloov txawm ib lub suab tuaj yeem hloov lawv lub ntsiab lus tag nrho thiab tig mus rau hauv cov lus sib txawv kiag li.
Yog li, peb tau kawm dab tsi "cov ntawv" yog cov lus: ntxhov siab thiab tsis ntxhov siab, labialized. Peb pom tias txhua tus vowel muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li ib kab thiab nce, peb tau kawm yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib lub suab sau. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, peb nrhiav pom dab tsi science kawm txog suab suab.
Peb cia siab tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig tsis yog rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv zoo.
