Ntau zaus, cov menyuam kawm ntawv nug: "Lub npe thiab lub npe tsim nyog yog dab tsi?" Txawm hais tias qhov yooj yim ntawm cov lus nug, tsis yog txhua tus paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus no thiab cov cai ntawm kev sau cov lus no. Cia peb xav txog nws. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab meej.
Cov noun
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov npe yog cov npe. Lawv qhia cov npe ntawm ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom lossis cov xwm txheej uas muaj ntau yam uas lawv tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov chav kawm. Piv txwv li, cov nouns yog: miv, rooj, ces kaum, dej, ntxhais. Lawv tsis sau npe ib yam khoom lossis tus neeg, tsiaj, tab sis xaiv tag nrho cov chav kawm. Thaum peb siv cov lus no, peb txhais tau tias yog miv lossis dev, ib lub rooj. Cov npe no sau nrog ib tsab ntawv me me.
In linguistics common nouns kuj hu ua appellatives.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Tsis zoo li cov npe, cov npe tsim nyog ua rau cov npe tsis tseem ceeb. Cov lus los yog kab lus no yogib yam khoom tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob hauv ib daim qauv. Cov npe tsim nyog suav nrog cov npe ntawm tib neeg, npe tsiaj, npe ntawm lub nroog, tus dej, txoj kev, lub tebchaws. Piv txwv li: Volga, Olga, Russia, Danube. Lawv ib txwm muaj peev txheej thiab xa mus rau ib tus neeg lossis ib yam khoom.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm onomastics cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm ntawm cov npe kom raug.
Onomastics
Yog li, dab tsi yog lub npe thiab lub npe zoo, peb tau txheeb xyuas nws. Tam sim no cia peb tham txog onomastics - ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm cov npe kom raug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis yog tsuas yog cov npe raug txiav txim siab, tab sis kuj yog keeb kwm ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim, lawv tau hloov pauv li cas rau lub sijhawm.
Onomast cov kws tshawb fawb paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau cov lus qhia hauv kev tshawb fawb no. Yog li, txoj kev kawm ntawm cov npe ntawm cov neeg koom nrog anthroponymy, lub npe ntawm haiv neeg - ethnonymy. Cosmonymics thiab astronomy kawm cov npe ntawm cov hnub qub thiab cov ntiaj chaw. Tsiaj lub npe menyuam yaus raug tshawb nrhiav los ntawm zoonymy. Theonymy hais txog cov npe ntawm cov vajtswv.
Nov yog ib qho ntawm cov lus cog tseg tshaj plaws hauv kev hais lus. Txog rau tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb txog onomastics tab tom ua, cov khoom raug luam tawm, cov rooj sib tham tau raug tuav.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov npe rau npe kom raug, thiab hloov pauv
Cov npe thiab lub npe tsim nyog tuaj yeem txav ntawm ib pawg mus rau lwm qhov. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim tias ib lub npe ua ib lub npe zoo.
Piv txwv li, yog tias ib tug neeg raug hu los ntawm lub npe uas yav tas los suav nrog hauv chav kawm ntawm cov npe, nws dhau los ua tus kheej. Ci ntsa iabIb qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no yog lub npe Vera, Kev Hlub, Kev Cia Siab. Lawv yog cov npe tsev neeg.
Surnames tsim los ntawm cov npe kuj dhau los ua anthroponyms. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem qhia lub npe Kot, Cabbage thiab ntau lwm tus.
Raws li cov npe raug, lawv feem ntau tsiv mus rau lwm pawg. Feem ntau qhov no hais txog cov npe ntawm tib neeg. Ntau qhov kev tsim khoom dais lub npe ntawm lawv cov kws sau ntawv, qee zaum cov npe ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb raug muab rau ntau lossis cov xwm txheej pom los ntawm lawv. Yog li, peb paub Colt revolver, units ntawm ampere thiab newton.
Cov npe ntawm tus phab ej ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua cov npe tsev neeg. Yog li, cov npe Don Quixote, Oblomov, Txiv ntxawm Styopa tau los ua tus tsim ntawm qee yam ntawm cov tsos lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg. Cov npe thiab cov npe ntawm cov keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov npe, piv txwv li, Schumacher thiab Napoleon.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, koj yuav tsum qhia meej tias tus neeg hais lus txhais tau li cas kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev thaum sau lo lus. Tab sis feem ntau koj tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov no los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Peb xav tias koj nkag siab tias lub npe zoo li cas thiab lub npe tsim nyog yog dab tsi. Cov piv txwv peb tau muab qhia qhov no kom meej meej.
Txoj cai sau npe kom raug
Raws li koj paub, txhua ntu ntawm kev hais lus ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv. Nouns - common noun thiab proper - kuj tsis muaj kev zam. Nco ntsoov ob peb txoj cai yooj yim uas yuav pab koj kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab yav tom ntej.
- Cov npe zoo ib txwm sau npentawv, piv txwv li: Ivan, Gogol, Catherine lub Great.
- Tib neeg lub npe menyuam yaus kuj tseem sau npe, tab sis tsis muaj nqe lus.
- Cov npe raug siv hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov npe no yog sau nrog tsab ntawv me: donquixote, donjuan.
- Yog tias cov lus siv lossis cov npe dav dav (cape, lub nroog) nyob ib sab ntawm lub npe tsim nyog, ces lawv tau sau nrog tsab ntawv me: Volga River, Lake Baikal, Gorky Street.
- Yog tias lub npe tsim nyog yog lub npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, khw noj mov, phau ntawv, ces nws raug coj los ua cov lus hais. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thawj lo lus yog sau nrog ib tug loj tsab ntawv, tus so, yog hais tias lawv tsis koom nyob rau hauv lub npe, yog sau nrog ib tug me me tsab ntawv: "Master thiab Margarita", "Lavxias teb sab Truth".
- Cov npe yog sau nrog ib tsab ntawv me me.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov cai yooj yim heev. Coob leej tau paub peb txij thaum yau.
Summarize
Txhua tus npe tau muab faib ua ob chav loj - cov npe tsim nyog thiab cov npe zoo. Thawj qhov tsawg dua qhov thib ob. Cov lus tuaj yeem txav ntawm ib chav mus rau lwm qhov, thaum tau txais lub ntsiab lus tshiab. Cov npe tsim nyog yeej ib txwm sau npe. Cov nouns - nrog ib tug me me.
Peb kawm paub cov npe thiab cov npe zoo li cas. Kev nthuav qhia koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab koj qhia qhov koj tau kawm rau lwm tus.
