Cov lus qub qub tsis tshua muaj kev txaus siab rau tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev rau cov kws tshawb fawb - lawv pab nrhiav kev sib raug zoo nrog cov lus niaj hnub. Nrhiav kev sib raug zoo nrog cov lus niaj hnub no tuaj yeem pab tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm ntawm qee haiv neeg.
History
lus Gaulish belongs rau pawg Celtic, tau hais dav dav hauv Gaul (thaj chaw ntawm Fabkis niaj hnub, Belgium thiab Switzerland) hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej Roman. Hmoov tsis zoo, tam sim ntawd tom qab kev kov yeej ntawm Gauls, cov neeg Loos pib ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev ntseeg, thiab Gaulish tau hloov los ntawm Latin sai sai hauv kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub. Thaum kawg tuag nyob rau hauv lub II-III centuries. Tsis ntev los no, pab pawg neeg txhawb siab tau tshwm sim uas xav rov kho cov lus, thaum qee qhov, raws li kev paub dhau los, ua cov lus dag Gaulish.
Kev kawm lus los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb
hom lus nws tus kheej paub rau cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb pom. Cov ntawv sau tau pom ntawm ntau yam khoom ntawm Gallic lub neej. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau rov qab los tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov lus. Piv txwv li, nws muaj peev xwm los kho cov tsiaj ntawv, feem ntau ntawm phonology, cov ntaub ntawv hais txogqee qhov declensions, nrog rau feem ntau cov lej. Cov kab lus sib cais, nrog rau ntau lub npe kom raug, tau pom nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov sau phau ntawv uas yog contemporaries ntawm Gallic tsov rog. Kev sau tag nrho ntawm cov seem ntawm cov lus Gaulish tseem tsis tau muaj.
Cov npe zoo thiab cov lus Gaulish pom hauv Greek thiab Latin cov kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm ib nrab hauv Grammatica Celtica (Berlin, 1871). Ntau cov lus Gaulish tau dhau mus rau cov lus Fabkis thiab Italian niaj hnub, nrog rau lawv cov lus. Tsis ntev los no, voluminous Gaulish cov ntawv tau pom, uas muaj ntau hom lus, feem ntau yog yav tas los tsis paub. Nrog rau txhua qhov chaw pom ntawm cov lus qub no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais kev paub tshiab uas pab hauv kev kawm cov cai ntawm cov lus.
Gaulish cawv rau Fabkis
Ntau tus neeg ntseeg tias Fabkis yog ib tug xeeb ntxwv ntawm Gaulish, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib qho kev xav tsis zoo xwb. Feem ntau cov lus hauv Fab Kis muaj cov hauv paus hauv Latin. Gaulish keeb kwm tsuas muaj txog 180 lo lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov lus no tsis yog cov qauv sau ntawv, tab sis ua cov lus ntawm ntau yam lus. Qhov no feem ntau yuav tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias hom lus Gaulish tau hloov sai heev los ntawm Latin. Ntxiv mus, vim yog Romanization, cov neeg tseem ceeb Gallic tau tso tseg ntau yam ntawm lawv cov lus hais.
Tsuas yog ib qho tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv lus Fab Kis los ntawm Gauls yog txoj hauv kev suav, lub vigesimal system. Ib qho teeb meem ntxiv rau cov kws tshawb fawb yog tias Latin thiab Gaulish zoo ib yam li ib leeg, thiab yog li ntawd nws nyuaj heev kom paub tias qhov twg lub hauv paus yog thawj Gaulish thiab qhov twg yog Latin. Xws li qhov tseeb keeb kwm yog paub tias thaum lub sij hawm Gallic tsov rog, Roman correspondence tau nquag cuam tshuam thiab nyeem los ntawm lub Gauls, thiab thiaj li yuav tsum tsis txhob no, Julius Caesar pib nws tus kheej thiab hais kom tus so sib tham tshwj xeeb hauv Greek, uas Gauls tsis to taub.. Qhov no tsuas yog lees paub qhov kev kwv yees ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog qhov sib thooj ntawm cov lus Gaulish thiab Latin.
Prospects
Txawm tias nws "txoj xwm txheej tuag", cov lus Gaulish muaj lub sijhawm los ua "tsim ciaj sia" dua. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov neeg nyiam ua cov lus dag raws li paub qhov tseeb. Muaj tsawg kawg yog ob qhov kev tsim kho dua tshiab.
- From Eluveitie.
- Modern Gaulish, tsim los ntawm pab pawg neeg nyiam los ntawm Australia. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog xav txog yuav ua li cas cov lus yuav txhim kho ntxiv yog tias nws tsis tau ploj mus. Lawv tau ua tib yam haujlwm uas lwm yam lus Celtic siv niaj hnub no tau dhau los. Yog li ntawd, phonetics hloov, nominal endings ploj, cov lus tau los ze heev rau British.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav kawm cov lus no hauv ib qho twg, hauv ib qho uas nws muaj, lossis hauv ib qho khoom siv, ces koj tuaj yeem chim tam sim ntawd, vim tias tam sim no tsis muaj phau ntawv txhais lus ua tiav txaus ntawm cov lus, tsis hais txog ib phau ntawv qhia txog Gaulish. Yog ibtab sis muaj lub siab xav kom paub cov lus zoo nkauj no, tseem muaj cov phau ntawv nrog cov lus thiab qee cov cai. Cov no yog cov phau ntawv:
- La Langue Gaulois.
- Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise.
- Gaulish Personal Names.
Ntxiv mus, pom qhov kev nce qib hauv kev kawm ntawm cov lus los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, ib tus tuaj yeem xav tias hauv ob peb xyoos lossis ntau pua xyoo ib tus neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem mus rau hauv khw muag ntawv thiab yuav phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov lus Gallic nrog rau. phau ntawv kawm uas yuav pab kom paub cov lus zoo nkauj ntawm phau ntawv comic heroes ntawm Gallic keeb kwm Asterix thiab Obelix. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov lus Cornish tau hloov dua siab tshiab, uas tau "tuag" rau 200 xyoo. Cov lus Manx kuj tau hloov kho dua tshiab, uas tseem tau tsim kho tsis ntev los no. Tej zaum muaj ib hnub nws yuav kawm tau Gaulish tag nrho.
