Thaum kawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem sau ntawv loj ntawm cov lus Lavxias, koj tuaj yeem xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias thaum piav qhia qee yam ntawm lawv, cov ntsiab lus raws li 1, 2 thiab 3 declensions ntawm nouns yog siv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, tsis muaj kev rov ua dua, tsawg tus neeg nco txog cov khoom no. Qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias declensions ntawm nouns dhau nyob rau hauv qib 3rd. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj. Tom qab ua tib zoo kawm cov kab lus no, koj yuav tuaj yeem yooj yim taw qhia txhua yam ntsig txog declensions, piv txwv li, hauv qhov xaus ntawm 3rd declension nouns. Txawm li cas los xij, thiab tsis yog hauv lawv xwb.
Basic 3 declensions of nouns
Declension - kev hloov pauv ntawm cov npe los ntawm cov lej (cov qeb muab faib los ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib txawv; tus lej tuaj yeem ua tus lej thiab ntau tus lej) thiab cov xwm txheej (qib qhia qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus hauv kev sib raug zoo los yog los ntawm lub luag haujlwm syntactic hauv kab lus). 3 declensions ntawm nouns uas feem ntau tau paub txij thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib,belongs rau hom tsim khoom ntawm declensions. Tseem muaj cov npe uas zwm rau yam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm declension. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tau piav qhia hauv qab no, thiab tam sim no koj tuaj yeem kawm cov lus ntawm 3 declensions ntawm nouns.
| Kev tsis txaus siab | Thawj declension | thib ob declension | Third declension |
| Gen | masculine/feminine/common | masculine/neuter | feminine |
| Endings in initial form | -a/-z | -e/-o | zero xaus |
Yog koj tsis paub txog cov npe no, koj tuaj yeem saib cov piv txwv no: slob, crybaby, sleepyhead, slacker, bully, orphan, colleague, headman, deadhead, nerd, cripple, slob, qias neeg, sneak Cov hniav qab zib, mos-hais lus, touchy, simpleton, hard worker, fidget, upstart, siab phem, ntse, zoo phooj ywg, warrior, ignorant, ignorant, glutton; thiab kuj (rude) dumbass, bulldozer, neeg siab phem, thiab lwm yam. Muaj tseeb koj twb to taub tias cov nouns muaj peev xwm xa mus rau ob tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam, uas yog vim li cas lawv tau txais lawv lub npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov npe ntawm cov poj niam txiv neej nruab nrab kuj suav nrog cov npe ntawm qee haiv neeg (Saami, Mansi thiab lwm tus), yug tsiaj (Blanka) thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg (vis-a-vis). Raws li tib txoj cai, cov npe txawv teb chaws thiab cov npe Lavxias nrog qhov xaus -o/-s/-ih yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog ib tug poj niam txiv neej.
Ntxiv rau 3 lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe, hu ua tsim khoom, tseem muaj cov khoom tsis tsim nyog, uas tam sim no yuav raug txiav txim siab.
Nouns of the adjectival declension type
Cov no suav nrog cov npe uas yog thawj qhov kev xav. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thawj daim ntawv ntawm xws li "yav tas los adjectives" coincides nrog lub npe ntawm nouns ntawm hom adjectival declension (los ntawm Latin adjectivus - adjective).
Nyob Nouns
Pab pawg no suav nrog cov npe uas haum tsawg kawg 2 hom kev declension. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv suav nrog tag nrho cov npe uas xaus rau hauv -mya.
sib xyaw declension nouns
Lawv yog cov npe nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias lub npe lossis thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog siv rau cov npe thiab cov npe xaus hauv -in(o)/-ov(o).
Ntxhais tsis tau npe
Cov no suav nrog cov npe uas ib txwm siv hauv lawv daim ntawv pib. Cov nouns ib txwm muaj tsuas yog cov lus los yog cov plural.
Examples
Piv txwv ntawm cov npe hauv 3 qhov kev txiav txim siab:
| Kev tsis txaus siab | Examples |
| Thawj declension | txiv neej, poj niam, Sanya, Tshuag |
| thib ob declension | diary, teb, ntuj |
| Third declension | mus |
Piv txwv ntawm declension ntawm cov khoom tsim tau tus lej:
| Kev tsis txaus siab | Nyob | Second | Third | |||
| Ntseeg | girl | cameo | neeg | field | news | NWS |
| Nyob zoo | girls | cameo | neeg | teb | news | nees |
| Dative | girl | cameo | neeg | field | news | nees |
| Accusative | girl | cameo | neeg | field | news | NWS |
| girl | cameo | neeg | field | news | NWS | |
| prepositional case | pab ib tug ntxhais | about cameo | txog ib tug neeg | txog teb | about news | txog nees |
Piv txwv ntawm declension ntawm cov khoom siv ntau ntau lub npe:
| Kev tsis txaus siab | Nyob | Second | Third | |||
| Ntseeg | girls | cameos | neeg | teb | news | nees |
| Nyob zoo | girls | cameo | neeg | teb | news | nees |
| Dative | girls | cameo | rau neeg | teb | news | nees |
| Accusative | girls | cameos | neeg | teb | news | nees |
| girls | cameos | neeg | teb | news | ||
| prepositional case | txog cov ntxhais | about cameos | txog neeg | bout margins | pab xov xwm | txog nees |
Piv txwv ntawm cov npe ntawm hom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig:
- Adjective type of nouns: chav dej, chav kws qhia ntawv, tus neeg ua haujlwm, kev kawm, chav tsev, menyuam chav.
- Different nouns: path, me nyuam, banner, tribe.
- Nouns of mixed declension: Belov, Serov, Malinino, Ivanovo.
- Indefinable nouns: kas fes, cafe, tsho tiv no, txiab.
Yog koj tau nyeem ua tib zoo, tam sim no koj paub tag nrho txog 1st, 2nd thiab 3rd declensions ntawm nouns.
