Thaum kawm lus Lavxias hauv tsev kawm ntawv, feem ntau muaj cov lus hais tsis meej rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Peb tau sim sau cov npe luv luv ntawm cov ntsiab lus siv feem ntau nrog kev txiav txim siab. Yav tom ntej, cov tub ntxhais kawm siv tau thaum kawm lus Lavxias.
Phonetics
Linguistic lus siv hauv kev kawm ntawm phonetics:
- Phonetics yog ib ceg ntawm kev paub lus uas kawm txog lub suab.
- Suab yog qhov me tshaj plaws ntawm kev hais lus. Ntsiab lus vowels thiab consonants.
- Ib lub suab yog ib lossis ntau lub suab uas hais tawm ntawm ib qho exhalation.
- Kev nyuaj siab - hais txog lub suab vowel hauv kev hais lus.
Orthoepy yog ib feem ntawm phonetics uas kawm cov qauv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab
Spelling
Thaum kawm txog kev sau ntawv, nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Spelling yog ib ntu uas kawm txog cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv.
- Spelling - sau ib lo lus raws li kev siv cov caisau ntawv.
Lexicology thiab Phraseology
- Lexeme yog chav txhais lus, ib lo lus.
- Lexicology yog ib feem ntawm cov lus Lavxias uas kawm lexemes, lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab kev ua haujlwm.
- Synonyms yog cov lus uas muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam thaum sau txawv.
- Antonyms yog cov lus uas muaj lub ntsiab lus txawv.
- Paronyms yog cov lus uas muaj qhov zoo sib xws tab sis txawv lub ntsiab.
- Homonyms yog cov lus uas muaj kev sau tib yam tab sis muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv.
- Phraseology yog ib ceg ntawm kev paub lus uas kawm cov kab lus, lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus.
- Etymology yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov lus.
- Lexicography yog ib feem ntawm kev kawm lus uas kawm cov cai rau kev sau cov phau ntawv txhais lus thiab kawm lawv.
Morphology
Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog dab tsi Lavxias teb sab lus yog siv thaum kawm txog morphology.
- Morphology yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm txog ntu ntawm kev hais lus.
- A noun is a nominal independent part of speech. Nws txhais cov ntsiab lus uas tau tham thiab teb cov lus nug: "leej twg?", "Dab tsi?".
- Adjective - txhais tau hais tias ib qho kos npe lossis lub xeev ntawm ib qho khoom thiab teb cov lus nug: "dab tsi?", "dab tsi?", "dab tsi?". Hais txog qhov nominal ywj siab.
- Verb yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus qhia txog kev ua thiab teb raucov lus nug: "Nws ua dab tsi?", "Nws yuav ua li cas?".
- Numeral - qhia tus lej lossis kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom thiab tib lub sijhawm teb cov lus nug: "ntau npaum li cas?", "qhov twg?". Hais txog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus.
- Pronoun - qhia txog yam khoom lossis tus neeg, nws tus cwj pwm, thaum tsis muab npe.
- Adverb yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus qhia txog kev ua haujlwm. Teb cov lus nug: "yuav ua li cas?", "thaum twg?", "vim li cas?", "qhov twg?".
- Preposition yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus uas txuas cov lus.
- Union yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus uas txuas cov syntactic units.
- Particles yog cov lus uas muab lub siab lub ntsws los yog xim xim rau cov lus thiab kab lus.
Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv
Ntxiv rau cov nqe lus uas peb tau hais dhau los, muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus uas tsim nyog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm paub. Wb qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov.
- Syntax yog ib feem ntawm kev kawm lus uas kawm cov kab lus: cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm.
- Language is a sign system that is always in development. Pab kev sib txuas lus ntawm tib neeg.
- Idiolect - cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb.
- Dialects yog ntau hom lus uas tawm tsam nws cov ntawv sau. Nyob ntawm thaj chaw, txhua yam lus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, okane los yog akanye.
- Cov ntawv luv yog tsim cov npe los ntawm kev sau cov lus los yog kab lus.
- Latinism yog lo lus uas tau los sivlos ntawm Latin.
- Inversion yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus lees paub feem ntau, uas ua rau cov kab lus rov hloov dua tshiab stylistically cim.
Style
Cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no, piv txwv thiab cov ntsiab lus uas koj yuav pom, feem ntau pom thaum xav txog hom lus Lavxias.
- Antithesis yog ib qho khoom siv stylistic raws li kev tawm tsam.
- Gradiation yog txheej txheem raws li kev quab yuam lossis ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm homogeneous txhais tau tias.
- Diminutive is a word formed with a diminutive suffix.
- Oxymoron yog ib qho txheej txheem hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus uas zoo li tsis sib haum xeeb lexical lub ntsiab lus raug tsim. Piv txwv li, "lub cev tuag."
- Euphemism - hloov lo lus hais txog cov lus qias neeg nrog cov lus tsis zoo.
- Ib tug epithet yog ib tug stylistic trope, feem ntau yog ib tug adjective nrog qhia colouring.
No tsis yog ib daim ntawv teev cov lus xav tau. Peb tsuas yog muab cov lus uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws xwb.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kawm lus Lavxias, cov tub ntxhais kawm tam sim no thiab dhau los hla cov lus uas lawv tsis paub. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem hauv kev kawm, nws raug nquahu kom muaj koj tus kheej phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov lus hauv Lavxias thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Saum toj no, peb tau muab cov lus tseem ceeb-cov ntsiab lus uas koj yuav ntsib ntau dua ib zaug thaum kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm qib siab.
