Kaum Ib Hlis 10, 1917, thaum lub sijhawm kev hloov pauv, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Hauv tau tshaj tawm tsab cai hais txog kev tsim Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Tub Rog.
Keeb Kwm
Lub tswv yim ntawm tub ceev xwm tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo 1903 hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm Bolshevik Party, thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1917, tom qab tsoomfwv ib ntus tau los ua lub zog, qhov chaw ntawm tsarist tub ceev xwm raug coj los ntawm tub ceev xwm. Lawv yog cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam uas sawv ntawm lub tshuab thaum nruab hnub, thiab thaum yav tsaus ntuj nrog phom phom tawm mus rau hauv txoj kev kom tswj hwm kev txiav txim.
Txawm V. I. Lenin tau hais txog qhov xav tau los tsim "neeg ua tub rog", uas txhais tau tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tib neeg.
Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm USSR
Qhov tseeb, txoj haujlwm tswj hwm tau ua los ntawm Red Guards ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv. Cov tub ceev xwm nkag siab tias ib lub koom haum cais yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees hauv lub tebchaws. Lub Yim Hli 1918, tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib pab tub rog. Lub cev tshiab no tau kav tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm lub zog Soviet.
Tub ceev xwm dhau los ua neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 23 xyoos tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob ntawd.
Cov tub ceev xwm tsarist tsuas yog yuav tsum tau hloov kho, vim tias, raws li F. Z. Dzerzhinsky, cov neeg tshiab tsis tuaj yeem nqa ib yam dab tsi zoo rau cov qub tub ceev xwm. Tab sis lub tswv yim no tsis quav ntsej los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, thiab cov tub ceev xwm Soviet ntawm lub sijhawm ntawdnon-professionals.
Nyob rau lub sij hawm muaj kev ntxhov siab tom qab kev tawm tsam, keeb kwm ntawm tub ceev xwm tau sau rau hauv cov ntshav. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1918, thawj tub ceev xwm tuag hauv kev tawm tsam cov tub sab.
Thawj riam phom uas tub ceev xwm tshiab tau ua tub rog yog Mauser thiab rab phom. Mauser yog riam phom muaj zog uas muaj npe nrov uas tau siv yuav luag txog 50s ntawm xyoo pua xeem.
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Lub Kaum Hli 5, 1918, cov tub ceev xwm tau tshaj tawm txoj cai ntawm kev tsim cov tuam tsev los tawm tsam kev ua phem txhaum cai. Nyob rau hauv lub tsarist tsoom fwv, lub Moscow Criminal Investigation Department tau hloov mus rau hauv lub MUR - lub Moscow Criminal Investigation Department.
"Murovtsy" hnav ib lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lapels ntawm lawv lub tsho - lub hli crescent thiab "Moor's eye" - txhua qhov pom qhov muag. Lub chaw saib xyuas kev sib txawv tau muab tawm rau lub sijhawm.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm MUR cov tub ceev xwm yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov tub rog tub rog, uas muaj txog 30 nyob rau hauv Moscow ib leeg.
Uniform thiab qeb
Thaum xub thawj, lawv tsis xav ntau txog kev kos npe sab nraud. Cov tub ceev xwm tau hnav khaub ncaws pej xeem thiab hnav tsuas yog ntaub qhwv liab ntawm lawv txhais tes. Xyoo 1923, lawv tau mus txog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm daim ntawv. Cov ko taw Soviet tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj cov ris tsho dub, thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj muaj xiav tsaus. Tshiab insignia tshwm sim yuav luag txhua txhua xyoo. Cov xim ntawm cov nyees khawm, cov paib lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov kev teeb tsa tau hloov pauv.
Nyob rau xyoo 1931, cov tub ceev xwm Soviet hnav tsoos tsho grey. Cov tub ceev xwm tshiab tsis muaj npe, tsuas yog txoj haujlwm xwb.
Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog hauv xyoo 1936, cov qib tau tshwm sim ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Ntxiv nrog rau sergeants thiab lieutenants,cov thawj coj tub rog tau tshwm sim - cov qib tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Xyoo 1943, lub xub pwg pluaj kuj tau qhia, thiab xiav tau los ua cov xim tseem ceeb ntawm insignia.
Xyoo 1947, kev txiav ntawm cov khaub ncaws hloov pauv thiab xim liab tshwm. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam zaj paj huam nto moo los ntawm Sergei Mikhalkov txog txiv ntxawm Styopa, tus tub ceev xwm zoo li no tau piav qhia meej heev, leej twg ua haujlwm.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 13, 1962, lub tebchaws Soviet xav tsis thoob los ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm uas sawv ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas, cawm ib tug poj niam thiab cov menyuam los ntawm kev ua txhaum tub rog qaug cawv. Tus tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam Vasily Petushkov nws tus kheej raug mob hnyav thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig tom qab lub npe ntawm tus phab ej.
Soviet tub ceev xwm thiab poj niam
Cov poj niam tau tshwm sim hauv qib ntawm Soviet tub rog thaum ntxov li xyoo 1919. Ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev sib deev tsis muaj zog tau ua haujlwm hauv Ministry of Internal Affairs thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua tiav lub xub pwg pluaj nrog lub tiab.
Qhov tseeb, cov poj niam thaum muaj xwm txheej tseem ceeb tsis ua phem dua li txiv neej. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov peculiarities ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ua rau lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cev sab hauv.
Tus kws sau ntawv nto moo Alexandra Marinina tau ua haujlwm hauv tub ceev xwm Soviet rau 20 xyoo, tshuaj xyuas kev ua txhaum cai. Nws tau dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij laus laus laus laus tshaj plaws, sau cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm sab hauv.
Kev cob qhia
Yuav daws teeb meem nrog kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub ceev xwm tau qhib Tub Ceev Xwm Tsev Kawm Ntawv. Tub ceev xwm ntawm USSR tau dhau los ua kev tshaj lij, ua tsaug rau qhov tsis tu ncuacov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov kev kawm qib siab rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog thiab cov neeg saib xyuas. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau cov tub ceev xwm tshawb xyuas, nws yuav tsum tau kawm tiav hauv Tsev Kawm Tub Ceev Xwm Qib Siab.
duab zoo ntawm tub ceev xwm
Pib txij li nruab nrab-60s, lub xeev tau nce lub koob meej ntawm tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov xov xwm thiab cov neeg txawj ntse muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm los tsim ib tug zoo hero - ib tug tub ceev xwm Soviet. Tub ceev xwm ntawm USSR tau nrov heev ntawm cov neeg, ua tsaug rau cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo siab.
Txij li xyoo 1962, hnub so tau tshaj tawm - Hnub Tub Ceev Xwm hauv USSR. Hnub tim 10 Kaum Ib Hlis tau ua kev zoo siab ua ntej, tab sis ntau hauv zos. Hauv lub xeev, hnub no, cov thawj coj thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws tau qhuas cov tub ceev xwm.
Cov neeg hauv tebchaws Nyab Laj tau ntseeg thiab rov hais dua cov lus uas dhau los ua tis: "Peb cov tub ceev xwm tiv thaiv peb!".
