Nyob rau hauv kab lus no peb yuav xav txog kev tsim cov hydrogen sulfide los ntawm leej faj. Cia wb mus saib seb lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom no.
Kev tsim kho
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen sulfide, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ib qho sulfur atom thiab ob hydrogen. Lawv yog cov tsis yog hlau, yog li covalent polar bonds tsim ntawm cov khoom. Hydrogen sulfide muaj cov qauv angular. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm 92 degrees tsim ntawm leej faj thiab hydrogen, uas yog me ntsis tsawg dua hauv dej.
Lub cev muaj zog
Tus ntxhiab tsw ntawm hydrogen sulfide, nco txog cov qe lwj, yog qhov paub rau txhua tus. Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev gaseous. Nws yog xim tsis muaj xim, tsis zoo soluble hauv dej, tshuaj lom. Qhov nruab nrab, ntawm 20 degrees Celsius, 2.4 ntim ntawm hydrogen sulfide yuav yaj hauv dej. Hydrogen sulfide dej muaj me ntsis acidic zog, lub dissociation ntawm cov khoom pib nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam. Toxic hydrogen sulfide yog txaus ntshai txawm nyob rau hauv me me koob tshuaj. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm li 0.1 feem pua ntawm hydrogen sulfide hauv huab cua ua rau tuag tes tuag taw ntawm qhov chaw ua pa nrogtsis nco qab. Piv txwv li, tus legendary naturalist Pliny tus Txwj Laug tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 79 BC precisely los ntawm hydrogen sulfide, uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm Vesuvius.
Yog vim li cas rau cov tshuaj lom ntawm hydrogen sulfide yog nws cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov ntshav hemoglobin. Cov hlau muaj nyob rau hauv cov protein no ua sulfide nrog hydrogen sulfide.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai ntawm hydrogen sulfide hauv huab cua yog 0.01 mg / l. Raws li tshuaj tua kab mob, kev nqus pa ntshiab lossis cua, uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine me me, yog siv.
Ua haujlwm nrog hydrogen sulfide yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam kev cai nyab xeeb. Txhua qhov kev sim hais txog cov khoom siv roj av no tau ua nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv sib khi hermetically thiab fume hoods.
Txoj kev tsim cov hydrogen sulfide
Kev tsim cov hydrogen sulfide hauv chav kuaj yog dab tsi? Qhov kev xaiv tshaj plaws yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm hydrogen nrog sulfur. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom sib xyaw, nqa tawm hauv lub fume hood.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim cov hydrogen sulfide kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib pauv ntawm cov hlau sulfide (2) thiab cov tshuaj sulfuric lossis hydrochloric acid. Yuav kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, nws yog qhov txaus kom noj ob peb daim ntawm sulfide rau hauv lub raj kuaj, tsis pub tshaj qhov loj ntawm cov taum pauv. Tom ntej no, ib qho kua qaub ntxiv rau hauv lub raj ntsuas (txog li ib nrab ntawm lub ntim), kaw nrog lub qhov hluav taws xob roj. Cov cuab yeej tau muab tso rau hauv qab lub hood, lub raj ntsuas cua sov. Kev cuam tshuam tshuaj lom neeg yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm cov pa npuas. Qhov no tsim ntawm hydrogen sulfidetso cai rau koj los tsim kom muaj ntau yam khoom txaus los xav txog nws cov khoom siv tshuaj.
Yuav ua li cas lwm txoj hauv kev? Hauv chav kuaj, nws raug tso cai kom tau txais hydrogen sulfide los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau hlau (hauv qab lub hood) nrog crystalline sulfur, ua raws li cov tshuaj sulfide nrog sulfuric acid.
tshuaj muaj zog
Hydrogen sulfide cuam tshuam nrog oxygen atmospheric, nws hlawv hauv cov xim xiav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm combustion tiav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom yog sulfur oxide (4) thiab dej. Muab qhov cub hluav taws xob yog cov kua qaub oxide, hauv kev daws nws tsim cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog sulfurous, tig xiav litmus daim ntawv liab.
Yog tias tsis txaus ntawm hydrogen sulfide, crystalline sulfur yog tsim. Cov txheej txheem no suav hais tias yog txoj hauv kev lag luam kom tau txais cov sulfur ntshiab ntawm hydrogen sulfide.
Cov tshuaj no kuj tau pom tias muaj peev xwm rov qab zoo heev. Lawv tshwm sim, piv txwv li, thaum cuam tshuam nrog ntsev, halogens. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws hauv cov chaw kuaj mob, cov tshuaj hydrogen sulfide yog nchuav rau hauv cov raj kuaj nrog cov tshuaj chlorine thiab bromine, kev hloov pauv tau pom. Kev tsim ntawm crystalline sulfur yog pom raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydrogen sulfide nrog dej, hydroxonium cation H3O + yog tsim.
Hydrogen sulfide tuaj yeem tsim tau ob hom kev sib txuas: sulfides (cov ntsev nruab nrab) thiab hydrosulfides (acid ntsev).
Alkali thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau sulfides tsis muaj ximtshuaj sib xyaw. Hauv cov hlau hnyav (tooj liab, npib tsib xee, txhuas), lawv yog xim dub. Manganese sulfide muaj xim liab. Ntau cov ntsev tsis yaj hauv dej.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau sulfides yog kev cuam tshuam nrog kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate (2). Cov khoom ntawm xws li kev sib cuam tshuam yuav yog nag lossis daus dub ntawm tooj liab sulfide (2).
Zoo kawg
Hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom no muaj nyob hauv cov pob zeb hauv av, cov roj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Cov tshuaj no yog cov khoom lwj ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag kab mob, nws yog qhov txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv tsis hnov tsw ntawm hydrogen sulfide. Ntuj sulfides muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj; nyob rau hauv metallurgy, cov khoom sib xws tau txais los ntawm lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hydrogen sulfide yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog.
