Txhua yam lus nyob yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Thiab ib qho ntawm txoj kev txhim kho yog qiv. Yog tias koj nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qiv cov lus, ces lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "comme il faut" yuav tsis yooj yim los tsim.
Nyob rau hauv ib yam (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob sab Europe) hom lus, muaj tsawg heev cov lus ib txwm thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, vim hais tias cov lus ntawm cov teb chaws Europe rau ntau pua xyoo sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg thiab nrog rau cov lus ntawm Asia, Africa, America thiab Australia (vim yog colonization).
Lexemes txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv hom lus ob qho tib si los tsim cov xwm txheej tshiab thiab ua cov npe tshiab rau cov xwm txheej qub. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus muaj cov lus (sputnik, cranberry, vodka, cabbage kua zaub, borscht, gingerbread thiab lwm yam uas lub npe khoom ntawm tsoos Lavxias teb sab lub neej). Cov lus uas tau dhau mus rau thoob ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai yog qiv los ntawm Lavxias. Ib yam li cov menyuam yaus Lavxias xav paub lo lus "comme il faut" txhais li cas, cov menyuam yaus Fabkis xav tsis thoob txog borscht txog thaum lawv sim.
Kev qiv tuaj yeem yog ob yam. Ua ntej, muaj ntau dua los yog tsawg dua qhov tseeb phonetic luam ntawm ib lo lus thiab nws cov natural adaptation rau ntauyooj yim hais. Qhov thib ob, kev faib cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib lo lus lossis kev qhia thiab kev txhais cov lus ntawm cov lus rau hauv cov lus uas qhov qiv nyiaj tshwm sim. Yog li, ntau zaus lawv qiv cov lus nyuaj, ntau lub hauv paus lossis tag nrho cov kab lus. Feem ntau, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov qiv nyiaj no, ib tus yuav tsum muaj kev pom dav dav ntawm kev hais lus lossis kev xav paub lus zoo heev.
Piv txwv li, ob peb tug neeg paub tias lo lus "Orthodox" yog ib daim ntawv qiv los ntawm Greek lo lus "orthodox". Tau ntau pua xyoo, kev qiv nyiaj los ntawm lwm haiv neeg cov lus tau tuaj rau cov lus Lavxias.
Keeb kwm luv luv ntawm kev qiv nyiaj yog raws li hauv qab no: Hauv X-XII centuries, ntau Greekisms tshwm sim, uas yog, cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm Greek, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pawg ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv lub XII-XIV centuries, cov Turkisms tuaj: lub Mongol yoke tsis tuaj yeem hla yam tsis muaj kab lus.
Tom ntej - Lub Sijhawm Teebmeem, Cossack riots, Schism - thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog Lub Tebchaws. Polonisms tshwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab - uas yog, qiv los ntawm cov lus Polish. Tom qab ntawd, tau kawg, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "comme il faut" tseem tsis tau paub.
Peter Kuv nyiam heev ntawm Dutch thiab German kab lis kev cai, thiab qhov no kuj tsis tau mus unnoticed rau Lavxias teb sab lus, echoing ib tug xov tooj ntawm Germanisms, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab shipbuilding spheres.
Nyob rau ib nrab xyoo 18th thiab xyoo 19th, raws li koj paub, txhua tus neeg vwm txog Fabkis thiab tag nrho cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Fabkis. Ib tug me nyuam ces paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "comme il faut": "zoo suab, cov kev cai ntawm decency." Txhais los ntawm French, lo lus "comme il faut"txhais tau tias "raws li xav tau". Gallicisms tsis ntev los no thiab nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm lub neej - tub rog, tsev hais plaub, kos duab, zam.
Qee zaum peb tsis pom Gallicisms hauv peb hom lus: battalion, boa, marmalade, tights, broth, comme il faut. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Gallicisms rau cov lus Lavxias yog qhov nyuaj rau exaggerate. Lawv undoubtedly enriched peb cov lus nrog ntau yam suab ua ke. Tab sis tam sim no, hmoov tsis, ntau tus neeg tau pib hnov qab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qee qhov qiv, thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb! Lub ntsiab lus yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws koj yuav tsum paub txog nws.
Zoo, xyoo pua 20 yog nto moo rau Anglicisms thiab Americanisms. Lawv tuaj nrog ris tsho thiab McDonalds, lawv tuaj nrog cov qauv tawv nqaij thiab iPhones, lawv tuaj txawv teb chaws nrog cov kab lis kev cai pob zeb thiab nyiaj daus las.
Tshwj xeeb, lub xyoo pua 21st, thawj xyoo pua ntawm lub xyoo txhiab xyoo tshiab, tseem yuav ua rau peb muaj qhov tshwm sim tshiab thiab tsis hloov pauv tshiab.
