Ntau xyoo dhau los, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm tau txiav txim siab los qhia txog kev nkag mus rau cov ntawv xeem. Txhawm rau ua cov neeg xeem dhau, koj yuav tsum tau txais credit rau daim ntawv sau lub Kaum Ob Hlis. Nws cov qauv yog yooj yim heev. Nws txawv ntawm txoj haujlwm 25 nyob rau hauv Unified State Exam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, uas koj yuav tsum tau sau ib tsab ntawv ntawm 8 kab lus. Yog tias USE twb tau muab cov ntawv nyeem uas koj yuav tsum tau tso siab, uas yog, nrhiav qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, qhia koj tus cwj pwm rau qhov teeb meem thiab sib cav nrog cov piv txwv los ntawm kev kos duab, ces tus qauv ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis essay ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog ntau. zoo li ib tsab ntawv.
Dab tsi yog cov lus qhia
Txhua xyoo thaum Lub Yim Hli, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm tau tshaj tawm tsib cov lus qhia hauv lub vev xaib ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas los muab cov tswv yim ntxhib ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm cov ntawv sau yav tom ntej. Feem ntau, cov lus qhia yog cov ntsiab lus paub daws teeb meem, xws li kev phooj ywg, kev hlub, kev ua phem, kev, sijhawm, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus muab ntau qhov chaw rau kev xav, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, kev taw qhia yog "txoj kev". Txoj kev txhais li cas? Ib txoj kev yog ib txoj kev uas ib tug neeg taug kev ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov. Thiab qhov no tsis tas yuav yog lub tswv yim ntawm thaj chaw. Lo lus no muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Peb yuav tham txog txoj kev uas cov heroes ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab destined mus, zoo li cov neeg pluag los ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Leej twg nyob zoo nyob rau hauv Russia." Thiab peb yuav twv yuav raug hu lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev ua neej ntawm tus neeg ua yuam kev, ua qhov zoo, coj kev phem rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nyob rau hauv imperceptibly, zoo li Akaki hauv Gogol's "Overcoat", los yog ci ntsa iab, zoo li Lermontov's Pechorin. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Piv txwv li, kev hlub tsis txwv rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib tug txiv neej thiab poj niam. Muaj kev hlub rau Leej Niam, uas Yesenin cov paj huam tau sau nrog, rau cov tsiaj, xws li cov dab neeg ntawm Bianchi lossis Ushinsky, rau tib neeg, xws li Danko's hauv Gorky zaj dab neeg "Tus Poj Niam Laus Izergil", rau lub neej, zoo li hauv cov dab neeg ntawm Jack London.
Intro
Zoo li txhua yam kev sau ntawv muaj tswv yim, cov qauv ntawm kev sau ntawv lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov lus qhia, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab qhov xaus. Ua ntej koj pib sau ntawv, nyeem tag nrho cov ncauj lus thiab ua tib zoo xav txog txhua tus. Xaiv ib qho uas koj tuaj yeem khaws cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov ntawv tseeb. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib xav txog qhov kev taw qhia. Cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau ntsib teeb meem thaum pib ua haujlwm. Lawv tsis paub yuav sau thawj kab lus dab tsi txog. Pib qhov kev taw qhia ntawm tsab ntawv kawg Lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm cov qauv hauv ib txoj hauv qab no.
thawj txoj kev pib sau
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv sau feem ntau yog cov qauv ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev xav. Qhov no ua rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv pib qhov kev taw qhia los ntawm kev xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus. Cia peb hais lub ntsiab lus ntawm koj tsab ntawv yog "Kev phooj ywg hauv tib neeg lub neej." Koj tuaj yeem pib sau ntawv nrog cov lus nug txog kev phooj ywg: "Kev phooj ywg yog dab tsi? Puas muaj kev phooj ywg cuav? Koj puas tuaj yeem xav txog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm tus neeg uas koj tsis ntseeg?" Xws li cov lus nug yuav muab sijhawm rau koj los qhia koj tus cwj pwm ntawm lub tswv yim no. Ntawd yog, koj yuav tau txais kev qhia ua tiav tag nrho.
thib ob
Koj tuaj yeem sau ib lo lus nug uas koj tau ncaj qha los ntawm lub ncauj lus ntawm tsab ntawv. Cov lus teb rau nws yuav yog qhov kev taw qhia. Cia peb muab piv txwv: "Kev phooj ywg txhais li cas? Kuv xav tias cov no yog kev sib raug zoo uas ib tug neeg muaj kev ntseeg siab tias lawv yuav los pab nws, yuav tsis ua rau nws nyuaj siab, txhawb nws tu siab thiab zoo siab nrog nws hauv nws txoj kev yeej. Yog tias koj xav tias Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tso siab rau ib tus neeg, ces koj tsis tuaj yeem suav nws yog phooj ywg tiag." Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov intro. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv koj qhov kev xav txog kev phooj ywg, coj lawv mus rau thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Third way
Koj tuaj yeem, yam tsis muaj lus nug, tam sim ntawd pib sau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev phooj ywg: "Kev phooj ywg yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lossis ntau tus neeg raws li kev ntseeg siab thiab kev sib pab." Koj muab koj lub tswv yim ntawm kev phooj ywg. Tsis txhob luam tawm ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus, vim tias daim ntawv sau lub Kaum Ob Hlis, cov phiaj xwm thiab cov qauv uas koj yuav tsum tau uaxav - cov no yog cov kev xav ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Yog tias koj siv cov lus thiab aphorisms, nco ntsoov qhia tus sau, txwv tsis pub nws yuav yog plagiarism.
mus rau qhov tseem ceeb
Tsis txhob hnov qab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ua ntej, xaiv ib lub ntsiab lus uas koj tuaj yeem khaws cov lus sib cav tau yooj yim. Koj kos tawm cov lus sib cav thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev taw qhia. Yog li, cov lus taw qhia twb tau sau thiab peb yuav tsum tau mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog, piv txwv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Kev hloov pauv yuav tsum ua kom yooj yim. Ua ntej tus piv txwv nws tus kheej, sau ob peb kab lus uas yuav ua rau muaj kev sib cav: "Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev phooj ywg tau pom feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws. Mark Twain, Jack London, Boris Kataev, Kir Bulychev, Charles Dickens. thiab ntau lwm tus kws sau ntawv zoo tau sau txog kev phooj ywg Tab sis kuv xav muab piv txwv los ntawm phau ntawv uas cuam tshuam kuv ntau dua li lwm tus. " Tom qab ntawd koj txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm cov ncauj lus uas siv cov piv txwv ntawm txoj haujlwm uas koj tau xaiv los ua kev sib cav.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov piv txwv
Thaum koj tham txog kev coj ncaj ncees, koj tuaj yeem ua piv txwv tsis yog qhov zoo xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov tsis zoo raws li qhov sib npaug. Piv txwv li, hauv thawj ntu, koj muab piv txwv ntawm kev phooj ywg ntawm Tom Sawyer thiab Huckleberry Finn los ntawm Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Koj yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas cov tub hluas tau sib pab thaum muaj xwm txheej nyuaj thiab kev sim siab, lawv tau ntsib ntau yam kev lom zem ua ke, tab sis tseem yog phooj ywg. Qhov no yuav yog koj qhov piv txwv zoo.
Secondargument
Raws li kev sib npaug, peb tuaj yeem nco qab Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov thiab nws zaj dab neeg "A Hero of Our Time". Hauv qhov no, peb yuav tham txog Pechorin, uas tsis txaus siab rau kev phooj ywg ntawm Maxim Maksimovich, txawm hais tias lawv kuj tau ntsib ntau yam ua ke, nyob ib sab ntawm lub sijhawm ntev. Hais txog zaj dab neeg txog Bel thaum Maxim Maksimovich pom Pechorin ua li cas rau ib tug hluas nkauj txom nyem, tab sis tsis thuam nws. Thaum, ob peb xyoos tom qab, lawv tau ntsib ntawm ib qho chaw nres tsheb, Pechorin tsis xav nrog nws tham. Nco ntsoov hais tias tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb feem ntau tsis muaj peev xwm ua phooj ywg. Nov yog koj ob lo lus sib cav rau lub cev loj.
Kev hloov ntawm ib feem mus rau lwm qhov
Vim koj muab zaj thib ob ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv, koj yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntawm thawj tus piv txwv mus rau qhov thib ob. Ob peb lub tswv yim yuav txaus. "Yog hais tias peb tham txog kev phooj ywg, qhov no yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg. Kev phooj ywg tsis yog ib leeg, tab sis muaj cov neeg uas tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov kev xav no." Thiab ntawm no peb twb muab piv txwv thib ob txog Pechorin. Koj tsis tas yuav sau ntau. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ob feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj sau ntawv, ib qho piv txwv uas peb tab tom txheeb xyuas.
Zoo kawg
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv ntim. Hais txog cov qauv, kev taw qhia thiab xaus ntawm tsab ntawv sau lub Kaum Ob Hlis yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem, txwv tsis pub cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav luv dhau thiab yuav tsis suav. Hauv kev xaus, koj yuav tsum tau sau cov ntsiab lus uas koj tau sau ua ntej. Ntawd yog, thaum pib ntawm tsab ntawv koj tau xav txog kev phooj ywg,tham txog qhov nws txhais li cas rau koj, koj xav li cas rau nws. Tom qab ntawd koj lees paub qhov no nrog cov piv txwv los ntawm cov ntawv tseeb, thiab hauv qhov xaus, tham txog qhov koj tau ua pov thawj tias kev phooj ywg txhais tau li cas rau ib tug neeg, raws li cov piv txwv koj muab qhia. Thaum kawg, tej zaum yuav nrhiav tau ib tug phooj ywg zoo rau lub neej uas tso siab tau.
Nrhiav piv txwv rau qhov tseem ceeb
Tau sau ib tsab ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv nyeem ntau hauv koj lub nra. Cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm uas suav nrog hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm thiab koj tau nyeem los ntawm qib 5 txog 11 yog qhov txaus. Tsis txhob quav ntsej cov dab neeg luv luv ntawm Chekhov, Shukshin, Tolstoy, Bunin thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Cov hauj lwm no yog ib qho yooj yim rau nco qab thiab zoo heev li kev sib cav. Txoj kev no koj yuav tsis tau tsis meej pem los ntawm ntau tus phab ej thiab yuav tsis ua yuam kev uas koj tuaj yeem poob qhov taw tes. Ua tib zoo mloog cov dab neeg tsis yog tsuas yog cov kws sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tab sis kuj yog cov niaj hnub. Tsis txhob suav cov ntawv cuav thiab cov kws sau ntawv ua piv txwv. Qhov kev dag ntxias yuav raug nthuav tawm thiab koj txoj haujlwm yuav tsis suav nrog.
Hints
Txhawm rau npaj rau kev sau ntawv, nqa phau ntawv me me uas koj sau cov npe thiab cov kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Sau cov npe ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb, cov lus tseem ceeb thiab ob lossis peb kab lus uas koj nthuav qhia lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab piav qhia luv luv ntawm zaj dab neeg. Nrog cov hauj lwm loj xws li "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" los ntawm Leo Tolstoy, "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita" los ntawm Mikhail Bulgakov,"Quiet Don" Sholokhov yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm ntau scrupulously. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev npaj, lawv yog yooj yim dua. Nws yooj yim dua los nyeem ob peb zaj dab neeg loj dua li ib puas zaj dab neeg luv luv. Tolstoy's "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem sau rau hauv ib tsab ntawv. Ntawm no yog kev phooj ywg, thiab teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv txoj kev ua neej, thiab kev hlub, thiab kev ntxeev siab, thiab kev tuag, thiab teeb meem hauv tsev neeg, thiab teeb meem ntawm kev loj hlob. Ua ntej koj pib koj daim ntawv sau lub Kaum Ob Hlis, nqes los ntawm txoj kev sau ntawv thiab cov qauv hauv koj lub taub hau, xav txog qhov koj xav hais rau tus nyeem ntawv. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.
