1941: tiv thaiv Moscow, thawj theem

Cov txheej txheem:

1941: tiv thaiv Moscow, thawj theem
1941: tiv thaiv Moscow, thawj theem
Anonim

Kev tiv thaiv Moscow (1941) yog suav tias yog thawj qhov kev yeej loj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam German invaders hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Daim ntawv qhia kev ua ntawm German thiab Soviet pab tub rog - Volga River (nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb), ces Rzhev railway kab (nyob rau hauv sab hnub poob) thiab lub Gorbachevo chaw nres tsheb (nyob rau hauv sab qab teb). Tiv thaiv lub peev, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau kov yeej feem ntau ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Pab Pawg (1941), tom qab ntawd nws pib tawm tsam (1942).

Hitler's plan

Lub hauv paus ntawm Barbarossa txoj kev npaj yog kev ntes Moscow thiab swb ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tiv thaiv nws. Txoj kev npaj yuav dhau mus hauv ib lub lis piam. Rau nws qhov kev siv, German commanders-in-chief tsim Kev Ua Haujlwm Typhoon, uas tau pib thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 30, 1941, tom qab ntev huab cua raids, nrhiav kev txheeb xyuas thiab npaj rau tank, motorized thiab infantry armies.

Moscow xyoo 1941
Moscow xyoo 1941

Ntau tog

Txhua tus yeeb ncuab lub zog:

  • ntau tshaj ib lab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm;
  • kwv 1600 tso;
  • kwv yees li 14 txhiab daim artillery thiab mortars;
  • 950 tus tub rog thiab foob pob.

Los ntawm sab tub rog liab:

  • 1 lab 200 txhiab tus tub rog Liab thiab cov thawj coj;
  • kwv yees 1400 tso dej;
  • 9600 artillery pieces;
  • 700 aircraft.

Qhov no suav txog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tub Rog Liab. Thawj qhov kev npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tau raug xaiv los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees rau thaum kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1941. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow tau kav txij lub Cuaj Hlis 30 txog rau Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4, uas yog thawj theem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Moscow.

1941 tiv thaiv Moscow
1941 tiv thaiv Moscow

Militia thiab tua pab tub rog

Lub Xya Hli 1941 tau xaus rau Muscovites nrog kev txhim kho ntawm txoj kab tiv thaiv hauv Mozhaisk kev taw qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim cov tub rog tub rog tau pib. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog nees nkaum-tsib faib, uas suav nrog cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb ntawm ntau lub hnub nyoog. Cov formations no tsis zoo heev manned. Nws txawm mus txog qhov uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj peb puas phom rau rau txhiab tus neeg.

Vim qhov tseeb tias muaj coob tus neeg saboteurs nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog, thiab tseem muaj feem pua ntawm cov neeg raug xaiv los ntawm lawv, tsim cov pab pawg tua neeg tau pib. Cov yeeb ncuab, nyob hauv nroog, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau txhua txoj hauv kev, teeb pom kev zoo rau cov yeeb ncuab foob pob thaum hmo ntuj thiab ua rau cov mos txwv depots.

Thaum pib, tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev npaj yog, siv peb lub tank pawg (I, II thiab III), txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov tsim tseem ceeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab uas muaj zog nyob hauv thaj av Bryansk thiab Vyazma, ncig cov tub rog Soviet uas tseem tshuav, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus. Moscow los ntawm sab qab teb.

Rau daim duab tiav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kab tiv thaiv thiabTus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lawv, rov tshawb nrhiav sorties tau ua nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow pib nrog kev xav txog ntawm kev foob pob tsis tu ncua.

Orel-Bryansk kev ua haujlwm

Vim qhov kev sib sau yuav tshwm sim, cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tsis tau zoo thiab, ntxiv rau, tau tsom mus rau nws cov fortifications nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw deb ntawm qhov chaw uas cov yeeb ncuab yuav dhau mus. Yog li, cov tub rog German nkag mus hauv Orel yam tsis muaj kev poob loj. Raws li ib tug ntawm German generals tom qab hais tias, thaum cov tub rog nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog, trams tseem khiav raws txoj kev. Cov lag luam thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tsis muaj sijhawm khiav tawm, thiab lawv cov khoom nyob hauv cov thawv sawv ntsug ntawm txoj kev.

Ntau tus tiv thaiv ntaus pob tawb. Lub caij no, Lub Kaum Hli 3rd, ib kem ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua nws txoj hauv kev mus rau lub nroog Mtsensk. Tab sis ua tsaug rau 4th tank faib ntawm Colonel Katukov, kem raug muab tso tawm ntawm kev nqis tes ua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Mtsensk ncua sij hawm German cov phiaj xwm rau ib lub lim tiam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 6, Bryansk tau raug coj los ntawm Germans, vim tias General Eremenko (tus thawj coj ntawm Bryansk Front) yuav tsum tau thim rov qab. Tus thawj coj nws tus kheej raug mob thiab khiav tawm mus rau Moscow.

puav pheej rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow
puav pheej rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow

Vyazemsky Front

Lub hauv ntej tau tawg los ntawm cov tub rog German, thiab kev tawm tsam pib ntawm Vyazma. Kirov thiab Spas-Demensk raug coj mus rau lub Kaum Hlis 4th, 1941. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow tsis muaj zog txhua hnub. Yog li, cov tub rog ntawm Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Sab Hnub Poob tau nyob ib puag ncig. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, kwv yees li 700 tus tub rog Soviet thiab tub ceev xwm raug ntes.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mozhaisk

Kom kom cov yeeb ncuab nyob hauv Mozhaisk raug xa musGeneral Govorov. Lawv tsim ib qho kev txiav txim los tsim ib txoj kab tiv thaiv. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tub rog nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm thiab tub rog, tub rog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv phom loj uas raug tshem tawm ntawm cov chav kawm kuj raug xa mus rau nws.

tiv thaiv Moscow 1941 map
tiv thaiv Moscow 1941 map

Txawm li cas los xij, tus yeeb ncuab tsiv mus ntxiv thiab ntxiv. Tom qab tuav kev tiv thaiv li kaum hnub, peb cov tub rog raug yuam kom thim rov qab. Lub Kaum Hli 13, Kaluga poob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab siab, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 16 - Borovsk, Mozhaisk nws tus kheej - thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18, 1941. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow tau pib tshwm sim ib puas kilometers ntawm lub nroog nws tus kheej.

Paj siab hauv nroog

Ntsuag kev ntxhov siab tau ua rau cov neeg hauv nroog. Xws li ib tug ceeb thiab loj txav tseem tsis tau paub nyob rau hauv nws tag nrho cov keeb kwm lub peev ntawm peb lub teb chaws - Moscow. Xyoo 1941, Lub Kaum Hli 15th - hnub ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev khiav tawm sai. Cov neeg ua haujlwm General, nrog rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub rog thiab lwm lub koom haum tau raug xa mus rau cov nroog nyob ze (Saratov, Kuibyshev thiab lwm tus).

Hoobkas thiab lwm qhov chaw tsim kev lag luam tseem ceeb tau raug mined. Lub Kaum Hli 20th, tau tshaj tawm lub xeev ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv nroog.

Parade ntawm Red Square

Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7 lub rooj sib txoos ntawm Red Square ntawm lub nroog uas raug kaw yog, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, yog ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yuj xwm txheej uas Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tsis nplua nuj. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow, yog li, tau txais zoo li ua pa ntawm huab cua ntshiab, cov neeg tiv thaiv tau txais kev tshoov siab.

Great Patriotic War tiv thaiv Moscow
Great Patriotic War tiv thaiv Moscow

Tib yam tsis tuaj yeem hais rau cov neeg German. Cov huab cua tej yam kev mob tau tag nrho qaug zog, yuam kom lawv kov yeej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev duayuav tsum ua raws li kev npaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig Soviet ua rau nws tus kheej xav. Thiab cov neeg German yuav tsum tau ncua sijhawm ob lub lis piam txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov chav nyob.

mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam

Ib qho kev xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg German yog cov tub rog Soviet uas tau nce mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, 1941, tom qab ob peb lub foob pob, Cov Tub Rog Liab, ua si ntawm kev xav tsis thoob, tau ntes tus yeeb ncuab tsis zoo los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob. Yog li kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow tau tsiv mus rau nws qhov thib ob (tsis txaus siab rau Germans) theem - qhov kev tawm tsam.

Awarding

Medal for the Defense of Moscow - ib qho khoom plig qhuas rau kev ua tub rog hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Nws tau muab khoom plig rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog uas tuav kev tiv thaiv ntau tshaj ib hlis. Thiab ob tug tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom plig rau kev tiv thaiv Moscow tau txais los ntawm cov pej xeem uas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm qhov pab kom muaj cov yeeb ncuab.

Pom zoo: