Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic. Medal rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic. Medal rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic
Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic. Medal rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic
Anonim

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog yog qhov txawv heev ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog cov yeeb ncuab ntawm peb cov tub rog nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, tsis zoo li lwm thaj chaw ciam teb, cov tub rog Liab tau muab tsuas yog thaj chaw me me rau cov yeeb ncuab. Peb cov tub rog tau nquag tiv thaiv ntawm no, qee zaum txawm tawm tsam.

Start of war

Arctic tiv thaiv
Arctic tiv thaiv

Fascist Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, npaj los tawm tsam Soviet Union, coj kev txhim kho ntau yam kev qhia. Cov cheeb tsam no suav nrog sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws, suav nrog Kola Peninsula. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv cov chaw no tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kav mus txog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab raug coj los ntawm kev tsim ntawm sab qaum teb thiab Karelian pem hauv ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog tub rog ntawm Northern Fleet uas nyob hauv thaj chaw pem hauv ntej yuav tsum tau tawm tsam ntawm no.

Tsov rog tuaj rau Arctic thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941. Lub fascist German thawj coj qhia cov tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht "Norway" mus txeeb lub Soviet cheeb tsam ntawm North. Cov rog no xav tau los npaj kev swbCov tub rog Soviet thiab kev ntes ntawm Murmansk nrog kev txawj ntse ntawm tag nrho Kola Peninsula.

Kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German tau txhawb nqa los ntawm huab cua los ntawm armada ntawm 400 lub dav hlau. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Norway, 5 lub nkoj tua hluav taws thiab 6 lub nkoj nkoj tau nyob hauv cov nroog chaw nres nkoj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau npaj siv 15 lub nkoj ntes Norwegian.

Cov Tub Rog Liab

rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic
rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic

Cov rog no tau tawm tsam los ntawm 14th Army ntawm Red Army. Nws muaj ib rab phom corps, ob chav sib cais phom loj thiab ib qho cua faib. Los ntawm hiav txwv, kev txhawb nqa tau muab los ntawm Northern Fleet. Lub luag haujlwm tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic yog txhawm rau npog sab qaum teb ciam teb thiab cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev tawg ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm 550 km dav.

Cov kab ciam teb ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau tsim nyob rau hauv Murmansk kev taw qhia, qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau khiav raws tus dej Zapadnaya Litsa. Nws tiv thaiv tau tuav los ntawm cov chav nyob ntawm 14th thiab 52nd phom phom.

Raws li ntau li peb txoj kab tiv thaiv tau txhim tsa hauv Kandalaksha kev taw qhia. Yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug sib sib zog nqus formations ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua formations ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, ua ke nrog rau qhov tsis muaj qhov chaw zoo rau kev tiv thaiv, qhib lub flanks ntawm tus tiv thaiv thiab kev txaus ntshai ntawm lawv raug ntes. yeeb ncuab. Ntawm no qhov kev tiv thaiv tau tsim kom muaj qhov dav ntawm 30 km. Qhov ceev ntawm lub zog ntawm no yog tsawg - txog 9 phom thiab 22 tanks ib 1 km. Cov Germans muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lawv muaj 2 npaug ntau zog neeg thiab phom loj, plaub zaug ntxiv aviation.

thawj zaug

puav pheej rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic
puav pheej rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic

Cov tub rog German tau tawm tsam hauv Murmansk kev taw qhia tsuas yog xya hnub tom qab pib ua tsov rog. Tom qab ua kev npaj phom loj thiab kev tawm tsam huab cua, cov yeeb ncuab pawg tau tawm tsam cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau pem hauv ntej kwv yees li 35 km dav. Nyob rau hauv ib hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov yeeb ncuab tswj kom nce mus txog 8-12 km, qhov twg nws raug tso tseg. Yog li pib tiv thaiv Arctic.

thib ob sim tawm tsam

puav pheej rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic
puav pheej rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic

Tom qab rov ua pab pawg tub rog, Norway Corps txuas ntxiv nws qhov kev tawm tsam rau Lub Xya Hli 7th. Nws cov koog tau hla Western Litsa River thiab nkag mus tob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm 52nd Infantry Division. Vim tsis muaj kev cia siab, cov tub rog Soviet muaj qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Sim hloov cov yeeb ncuab rog los ntawm pem hauv ntej, tus thawj coj tsaws ib qho me me amphibious ua phem, uas ntaus tus yeeb ncuab lub flank. Cov nyhuv tsis ntev los no. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub zog tiag tiag ntawm cov tub rog tub rog, cov yeeb ncuab cuam ntau li 3 battalions los tuav nws, thaum tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tawm tsam. Cov chav nyob ntawm 52nd Infantry Division tau tswj kom hnav cov yeeb ncuab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj tshaj plaws, thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg tua rog Uritsky thiab Kuibyshev, thawb cov yeeb ncuab rov qab mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm dhau los.

Lub Xya Hli 11, cov yeeb ncuab rov pib ua haujlwm tawm tsam. Nws muaj peev xwm ua txhaum rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm 52nd faib, tab sis kev tawm tsam ntawm peb cov tub rog tau ob hnub tau pab tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Hauv ib lub lis piam, ua tsaug rau kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam, nws raug yuam kom thim mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub.

Rau Lub Xya Hliqhov kev tawm tsam tau pab los ntawm kev tawm tsam amphibious, uas tau tsaws nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli thiab xa ib lub foob pob rau cov yeeb ncuab ua ntej. Nws tswj kom hloov cov yeeb ncuab loj.

Autumn fights

WWII Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic
WWII Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Arctic

Tus yeeb ncuab raug kev txom nyem hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua Lub Xya Hli thiab poob ntau yam khoom siv tub rog. Qhov no tau yuam cov yeeb ncuab kom ceev nrooj ntxiv dag zog rau pawg neeg muaj zog hauv Arctic. Thaum lub Yim Hli, 6,500 SS units tuaj txog ntawm no. Cov tub rog Soviet rog nyob rau hauv Arctic kuj underwed ib reorganization. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Northern Pem hauv ntej, Karelian thiab Leningrad Fronts tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj.

Cuaj hlis 7, cov fascist rog rov pib tawm tsam peb cov phom phom. Lawv tau tswj kom hla txoj kev 14th thiab thaiv txoj kev ntawm Murmansk thiab Zapadnaya Litsa, uas cuam tshuam cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab muab xaus rau kev khiav tawm.

Qhia txog kev khaws cia

tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic yees duab
tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic yees duab

Qhov xwm txheej yuam kom cov lus txib, tsis tas tos kom tiav ntawm kev tsim ntawm 186th Infantry Division, txav mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lub Cuaj Hlis 15, nws tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm kev taug kev, txwv tsis pub tus yeeb ncuab ua ntej.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 23, 186th faib, ntxiv dag zog los ntawm ntau cov phom ntev, muaj peev xwm, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam rau cov yeeb ncuab rog uas tau tawg los ntawm thiab muab pov tseg rov qab, tshem tawm qhov kev sib tsoo thiab rov qab ua cov kab hauv ntej. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic, daim duab uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tau dhau los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws hauv nws keeb kwm.

Nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Kandalaksha, cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 1. Ob peb hnubcov chav nyob ntawm peb cov tub rog tau tswj kom ua tiav kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog. Thaum muaj kev hem thawj ntawm ib puag ncig vim muaj kev sib tsoo, tus thawj coj tub rog tau txiav txim kom thim rov qab mus rau kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Ntawm cov kab no, peb cov tub rog tau ua tiav cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam plaub caug hnub.

Yawg dhau SS units

muab khoom plig rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic
muab khoom plig rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic

Nyob rau thaum lub Xya Hli, tsuas yog SS chav nyob hauv Polar Territory tau koom nrog - pawg SS "Nord". Yuav luag tam sim ntawd, cov German formations ntsib teeb meem loj heev nyob rau hauv kov yeej lub Soviet tiv thaiv. Hauv cheeb tsam Salla, cov tub rog Soviet, tau txais kev paub dhau los hauv kev ua tsov rog Finnish, thawj zaug tawm tsam ntau tus yeeb ncuab, thiab tom qab ntawd pib tawm tsam. Lawv thawb cov Germans rov qab mus deb heev. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thawj zaug, SS cov tub rog poob 100 tus neeg tuag thiab 250 tus neeg raug mob. 150 tus txiv neej SS ploj lawm.

Cov tactics ntawm cov tub rog German yog qhov pib zoo li no. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog, tom qab kev soj ntsuam, cov pab pawg me tau nce mus rau cov lus qhia sib txawv, uas tam sim ntawd npaj cov kab tiv thaiv. Tom qab ntawd kev foob pob thiab kev tshawb nrhiav pib pom qhov tsis zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm peb cov tub rog.

Txhawm rau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam, kev npaj phom loj tau ua tiav mus rau qhov tob ntawm 15 km, uas hloov pauv nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv ntej. Qhov no tau ua raws li kev tawm tsam infantry, uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov phom loj thiab pab pawg ntawm 2-3 lub tank, sim hla kev tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet rog lossis nrhiav cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv nws.

Xeemtus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam xyoo 1941

Kev tawm tsam tom ntej ntawm Nazis tau pib rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1st. Peb cov neeg tua rog tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab. Rau 12 hnub tus yeeb ncuab sim tua, tab sis nce mus rau qhov tob ntawm 3 km. Thaum kawg, kev tawm tsam impulse ntawm tus yeeb ncuab qhuav. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 23, cov kev txhawb nqa uas tuaj txog, nrog rau cov tub rog tseem ceeb, tau pib ua haujlwm tawm tsam, thawb cov yeeb ncuab rov qab mus rau lawv qhov qub chaw.

Cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog tau qaug zog thiab tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam. Cov lus txib German tau sim ua kom pom tseeb qhov tsis muaj kev vam meej hauv cov haujlwm no ntawm sab xub ntiag nrog cov xwm txheej nyuaj. Qhov tseeb tiag, cov phiaj xwm ntawm Nazis tau pab cuam tshuam kev mob siab rau ntawm Red Army units thiab cov neeg nyob hauv zos.

Tau ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam, German thawj coj raug yuam kom ncua kev npaj mus ntes Murmansk kom txog thaum zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev xav no tsis tau ua tiav.

Vim li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv uas kav peb lub hlis, cov tub rog hauv av ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, txhawb nqa los ntawm lub nkoj thiab dav hlau, tshem tawm tag nrho cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, ua rau nws txoj kev npaj yuav coj Murmansk. Vim kev poob hnyav, tus yeeb ncuab tsis tuaj yeem tsim kev tawm tsam thiab mus tiv thaiv.

kev ruaj ntseg pem hauv ntej

Nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm tau mus txog ua ntej, kab pem hauv ntej tau ruaj khov thiab, txawm hais tias sim hloov qhov xwm txheej tau ua rau ob sab, nws tseem nyob mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944.

Kev tiv thaiv, cov tub rog ntawm 14th Army, qhia kev mob siab rau, tau tuav lawv txoj haujlwm ntev. Kev sib tsoo thiab kev sim ua kom ib puag ncig ntawm peb cov tub rog raug txwvua siab loj tiv thaiv thiab counterattacking ua ntawm lub reserve rog. Kev koom tes ntawm amphibious assault rog nyob rau hauv lawv, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub rear ntawm tus yeeb ncuab advancing, cuam tshuam loj heev tshwm sim ntawm hostilities. Nyob rau theem no, kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic tau xaus, thiab Tub Rog Liab twb tau ntsib nrog lwm yam, kev ua haujlwm siab dua.

Kev sib tw ua tiav

Cov lus txib ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm peb cov tub rog tau ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Txhua qhov kev siv zog tau tsom mus rau kev daws teeb meem kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov lus txib ntawm cov tub rog thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tub rog tau ua los ntawm cov lus txib uas nyob tsis deb ntawm Murmansk thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cua tawm tsam. Kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tuam tsev tau txhim khu kev qha. Txhawm rau tsim nws, siv cov xov hlau thiab cov kab sib txuas hauv zos.

Lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws no, Dawb thiab Barents Seas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv Arctic. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog cov neeg tsav nkoj hauv North Hiav Txwv, uas nyob rau xyoo ntawd ntawm kev tiv thaiv Soviet Arctic tau tswj hwm tau zoo txog 1,400 lub nkoj hauv 78 lub nkoj mus rau sab qaum teb cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Soviet Union..

Lub sijhawm xyoo 1942-1943, qhov haujlwm ntawm sab xub ntiag no tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas tsis muaj ib tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev ua haujlwm rau qhov kawg kev ywj pheej ntawm Soviet Arctic pib xyoo 1944, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 7th. Cov tub rog Soviet ntaus Luostari thiab Petsamo. Tau ob lub lis piam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog ntawm Red Army tau tswj xyuas cov yeeb ncuab hla ciam teb ntawm USSR.

Tsim kom muaj khoom plig

Ob lub hlis tom qab qhov kawg swb ntawm German-Finnish invaders nyob rau hauv lub Soviet North, lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944,Ib tsab cai lij choj tau tshaj tawm los tsim cov khoom plig "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic". Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm cov khoom plig tshiab thiab muab khoom plig rau cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov xwm txheej yog cov thawj coj hauv lub tebchaws. Lieutenant Colonel Alov thiab tus kws kos duab Kuznetsov tau koom nrog hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov khoom plig tau xa los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Karelian Front. Ob peb sketches raug xa mus rau kev txiav txim siab los ntawm pawg neeg sib tw, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tau lees paub tias yog daim duab kos los ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Alov. Pawg tub rog pem hauv ntej tau txhawb nqa lub tswv yim. Cov duab kos tau raug xa mus rau Moscow. Tus thawj kos duab ntawm tus sau tau ua tiav los ntawm tus kws kos duab Kuznetsov, thiab qhov khoom plig tau txais nws daim ntawv kawg.

Ob leeg tub rog thiab cov pej xeem uas tau pab txhawb rau kev tawm tsam rau Soviet Arctic tau txais khoom plig rau kev tiv thaiv Arctic. Cov npe ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig muaj txog 353,240 tus neeg.

Awarding rules

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic tau kav txij thaum pib ua tsov rog mus txog rau thaum lub Kaum Hlis 1944. Txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb - cov tub rog, cov neeg tsav nkoj, cov pej xeem - tau nthuav tawm rau qhov khoom plig. Txhawm rau kom ib tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig no, cov ntaub ntawv xav tau uas tuaj yeem lees paub nws txoj kev koom tes hauv kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam. Daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov koom haum, cov thawj coj ntawm cov tsev kho mob, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj.

Txoj cai rau qhov khoom plig tau muab rau cov tub rog thiab cov pej xeem ntawm txhua ceg ntawm cov tub rog, uas koom nrog kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg rau lub hlis, tau koom nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas tau ua thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. 1944 (qhov no, lub sijhawm ntawm kev koom tes tsis muaj teeb meem), nrog rau cov neeg pej xeem uas tiv thaivLub Arctic tsawg kawg yog rau lub hlis siv cov txheej txheem muaj rau lawv. Cov neeg muab khoom plig rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic tuaj yeem yog tub rog thiab pej xeem. Yog li, qhov khoom plig no tau txais los ntawm Valentin Pluchek, tus thawj coj paub zoo uas thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog xyoo dhau los ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam hauv thaj chaw no. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic, Yuri German kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig rau zaj dab neeg "Far in the North", sau rau ntawm Karelian pem hauv ntej.

Txoj cai nthuav qhia khoom plig

Medal for the Defense of the Arctic, cov npe ntawm cov neeg tau txais uas muaj cov npe ntawm cov neeg siab tawv thiab siab tawv, yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas siab ntawm kev koom tes ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw no rau kev yeej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev tsim cov khoom plig, uas tau pom zoo los ntawm lub teb chaws cov thawj coj, nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog Red Army, cov neeg tsav nkoj ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw ruaj ntseg. Rau cov neeg uas twb tau tso tseg lawv txoj haujlwm hauv tub rog lossis tub rog rau ntau yam laj thawj, suav nrog kev mus txog hnub nyoog so haujlwm, cov khoom plig tuaj yeem muab khoom plig los ntawm tub rog commissariat lub cev ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Cov pej xeem raug tso cai los nthuav qhia lub xeev qhov khoom plig no rau pawg sab laj ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nroog Murmansk thiab cheeb tsam Murmansk. Cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Soviet Arctic" tuaj yeem yog ob leeg tub rog (piv txwv li, tus Cawm Seej nto moo ntawm Chelyuskin pilot Lyapidevsky), thiab cov pej xeem.

Sab nrauv tsim

khoom plig rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Arctic yog ua los ntawm tooj dag. Nws txoj kab uas hla yog 3.2 centimeters. Lub obverse ntawm lub puav pheej yog adorned nrog cov duab ntawm ib tug tub rog uas qhia nws txoj cai lub xub pwg nyom thawb rau pem hauv ntej thiab nws lub taub hau me ntsis tig mus rau sab xis. Cov tub rog tau nruab rau lub caij ntuj no: lub kaus mom nrog pob ntseg nrog liabhnub qub, luv luv tsho tiv no. Hauv nws txhais tes nws muaj nws cov riam phom ib txwm muaj - PPSh phom phom. Nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub puav pheej, ib feem ntawm lub nkoj naval yog pom; nyob rau sab saum toj, ya dav hlau nyob rau ntawm ob sab. Hauv qab no, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, tso tsheb hlau luam pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, obverse muaj lub npe ntawm qhov khoom plig, mus ncig ntawm lub voj voog ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj lo lus thiab lo lus kawg ntawm cov ntawv sau muaj ib lub ribbon nrog tsib lub hnub qub thiab lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm USSR nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws.

Nyob rau sab rov qab ntawm lub puav pheej, lub ntsiab lus yog sau nyob rau hauv peb kab: "Rau peb lub Soviet Motherland." Lub tsho tiv no ntawm Soviet yog pom saum toj no cov lus.

Cov kab xev lo lo ntxhuav muaj qhov dav ntawm 2.4 cm, nws cov xim yog xiav. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - ib tug ntsuab strip 6 mm dav faib lub teb rau hauv sib npaug zos qhov chaw.

Pom zoo: