Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai, uas txhua leej txhua tus uas xav tias nws yog ib tug tsim nyog tus tub ntawm lub Great Lavxias teb sab av yuav tsum paub. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Russia (tom qab ntawd Russia) ua tsov ua rog thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, kev faib tub rog tshwj xeeb, txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua yam ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm rau lub luag haujlwm sib cais, nrog rau kev qhia txog cov cim tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog tau pib tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm. ntawm cov emperors. Cov infantry regiments, lub pob txha indestructible ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman cov tub rog rog, tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog. Hom pab tub rog no muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj, vim txhua lub sijhawm (thiab txhua qhov kev ua tsov rog tshiab) tau hloov pauv zoo heev rau lawv.
txee ntawm kev txiav txim tshiab (17th caug xyoo)
Lub infantry ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, zoo li lub cavalry, hnub rov qab mus rau 1698 thiab yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov kho tub rog ntawm Peter 1. Mus txog rau thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, archery regiments yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ntshaw ntawm tus huab tais tsis txawv ntawm cov teb chaws Europe coj nws tus xov tooj. Tus naj npawb ntawm infantry yog ntau tshaj 60% ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog (tsis suav cov Cossack regiments). Kev ua tsov ua rog nrog Sweden tau kwv yees, thiab ntxiv rau cov tub rog uas twb muaj lawm, 25,000 tus neeg nrhiav neeg ua tub rog raug xaiv. Cov tub ceev xwmtau tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov tub rog txawv teb chaws thiab cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe.
Cov tub rog Lavxias tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Infantry (hauv av rog).
- Landmilitia thiab garrison (loj rog rog).
- Cossacks (cov tub rog tsis sib xws).
Feem ntau, kev tsim tshiab muaj txog li 200 txhiab tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, infantry sawv tawm raws li hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog. Ze rau 1720, ib qho kev qhia qib tshiab tau qhia.
Hloov riam phom thiab khaub ncaws
Cov khaub ncaws thiab riam phom kuj tau hloov pauv. Tam sim no cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua raws li cov duab ntawm cov tub rog European. Ntxiv nrog rau cov riam phom tseem ceeb - phom, cov tub rog tub rog muaj bayonets, ntaj thiab grenades. Cov khoom siv pwm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov tseem ceeb heev tau txuas nrog nws txoj kev txiav. Txij thaum ntawd los txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog Lavxias. Tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb cov tub rog - grenadiers, rangers, thiab lwm yam.
Infantry in the War of 1812
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm cov xwm txheej yuav los tom ntej (Napoleon Bonaparte qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Russia), uas tau paub tseeb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev txawj ntse, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws tshiab ntawm Tsov Rog Barclay de Tolly, tsis ntev los no tau xaiv tsa rau tsab ntawv no, pom tias nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv loj. nyob rau hauv cov tub rog Russia. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb ntawm infantry regiments. Hauv keeb kwm, cov txheej txheem no hu ua kev hloov pauv tub rog ntawm 1810.
Lub infantry ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug deplorable lub xeev. Thiab tsis yog vim muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov teeb meem yog lub koom haum. Raws nraimlub sijhawm no tau mob siab rau kev mloog ntawm Minister of War.
Npaj tub rog ntawm 1812
Npaj ua haujlwm rau kev ua tsov rog nrog Fabkis tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau npe "Ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb sab hnub poob ntawm Russia." Nws kuj tau pom zoo los ntawm Alexander 1 hauv 1810. Txhua lub tswv yim uas tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv no tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb.
Cov tub rog lub hauv paus kev tswj hwm kuj tau hloov kho. Lub koom haum tshiab tau ua raws li ob lub ntsiab lus:
- Tsim tsa Ministry of War.
- Tsim kom muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm ib pab tub rog loj.
Cov tub rog Lavxias xyoo 1812, nws qhov xwm txheej thiab kev npaj rau kev ua tub rog yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm 2 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
1812 infantry structure
Tub rog ua tub rog ntau, suav nrog:
- Garrison units.
- Lub teeb infantry.
- Heavy Infantry (Grenadiers).
Raws li rau lub garrison tivthaiv, nws tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug cia ntawm lub hauv av unit thiab yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub sij hawm ntxiv ntawm cov qib. Marines kuj tau suav nrog, txawm hais tias cov chav no tau txib los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Rog.
Kev rov ua dua ntawm Lithuanian thiab Finnish cov tub rog tau teeb tsa Cov Tub Ceev Xwm Lub Neej. Txwv tsis pub nws hu ua elite infantry.
Heavy infantry composition:
- 4 tus tub ceev xwm;
- 14 cov tub rog ntawm grenadiers;
- 96 cov tub rog ntawm ko taw;
- 4 Marine Regiment;
- 1 battalion ntawm Caspian fleet.
Lub teeb infantry:
- 2 Guardstxee;
- 50 Chasseur regiments;
- 1 naval crew;
Garrison Troops:
- 1 garrison battalion of the Life Guards;
- 12 garrison regiments;
- 20 garrison battalions;
- 20 Internal Guard Batalions.
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, cov tub rog Lavxias suav nrog cov tub rog, cov phom loj, cov tub rog Cossack. Cov tub rog tub rog raug xaiv los ntawm txhua lub tebchaws.
Tub rog txoj cai ntawm 1811
Ib xyoos ua ntej muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, ib daim ntawv tau tshwm sim uas qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab thaum lub sij hawm nws. Lub npe ntawm daim ntawv no yog tub rog charter ntawm infantry kev pab cuam. Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no tau sau rau hauv:
- yam ntxwv ntawm kev cob qhia tub ceev xwm;
- kev cob qhia tub rog;
- qhov chaw ntawm txhua chav sib ntaus sib tua;
- recruitment;
- txoj cai ntawm kev coj ua rau cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm;
- cai rau tsev, taug kev, saluting, thiab lwm yam.;
- fire;
- kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Nrog rau ntau lwm yam ntawm kev ua tub rog. Lub infantry ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws los ua tsis tau tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj lub ntsej muag ntawm lub xeev.
Tsov Rog 1812
Cov tub rog Lavxias xyoo 1812 muaj 622 txhiab tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog raug tshem tawm mus rau sab hnub poob ciam teb. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog disbandment ntawm tus kheej qhov chaw. Cov tub rog Lavxias sab qab teb tseem nyob hauv Wallachia thiab Moldavia, txij li kev tsov rog nrog Qaib Cov Txwv nyuam qhuav xaus, thiab nws yuav tsum tau siv kev tswj hwm.thaj chaw.
Lub Finnish Corps, raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Steingel, muaj txog 15 txhiab tus neeg, tab sis nws qhov chaw nyob hauv Sveaborg, raws li nws tau npaj los ua ib pab pawg tsaws uas yuav tsaws rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv B altic. Yog li, cov lus txib tau npaj los rhuav Napoleon lub nraub qaum.
Feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog tau nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Ntau tus tub rog tau nyob hauv Georgia thiab lwm thaj chaw ntawm Caucasus. Qhov no yog vim kev coj ua ntawm kev ua tsov rog nrog cov Persians, uas tsuas yog xaus rau xyoo 1813. Muaj ntau tus tub rog tau tsom mus rau hauv lub fortresses ntawm Urals thiab Siberia, yog li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Tib yam siv rau Cossack regiments concentrated nyob rau hauv lub Urals, Siberia thiab Kyrgyzstan.
Feem ntau, cov tub rog Lavxias tau npaj rau Fabkis tawm tsam. Qhov no siv rau qhov ntau, thiab cov khaub ncaws, thiab riam phom. Tab sis rau cov laj thawj uas tau teev tseg saum toj no, thaum lub sijhawm cov neeg tawm tsam tau tawm tsam, tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm lawv tau mus tawm tsam kev tawm tsam.
Armament and uniform of 1812
Txawm hais tias qhov kev hais kom ua raws li kev siv phom ntawm ib lub caliber (17, 78 mm) los ntawm cov tub rog, qhov tseeb, ntau tshaj 20 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phom tau ua haujlwm. Qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws tau muab rau cov phom loj ntawm 1808 tus qauv nrog trihedral bayonet. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm riam phom yog ib lub thoob du, ib qho kev sib koom ua ke zoo sib xws thiab lub pob tw yooj yim.
Melee riam phom ntawm cov tub rog yog sabers thiab broadwords. Ntau tus tub ceev xwm muaj riam phom zoo tshaj. Raws li txoj cai, nwsNws yog ib tug txias riam phom, lub hilt ntawm uas muaj kub los yog nyiaj. Hom ntau tshaj plaws yog saber engraved "Rau Siab tawv."
Raws li cov cuab yeej cuab tam, nws tau xyaum tawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws infantry. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cavalry ib tug yuav nrhiav tau ib tug zoo xws li cov armor - shells. Piv txwv li, cuirasses, uas tau npaj los tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm cuirassier. Cov cuab yeej no muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm riam phom txias, tab sis tsis yog phom phom.
Cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab cov tub ceev xwm tau ua kom zoo thiab ua kom haum rau cov neeg hnav. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv no yog muab nws tus tswv txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txav mus los, thaum tsis txwv nws txhua. Hmoov tsis zoo, tib yam tsis tuaj yeem hais txog kev hnav khaub ncaws hnav, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov thawj coj ntawm noj hmo.
Elite regiments - huntsmen
Saib seb yuav ua li cas cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Prussians, hu ua "jaegers", tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab kom ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj, ib tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib pawg zoo sib xws hauv cov tub rog Lavxias. Thaum pib, tsuas yog 500 tus neeg uas muaj kev paub txog kev yos hav zoov tau los ua neeg sib tw. Jaeger regiments ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog ib hom ntawm partisans ntawm lig 18th caug xyoo. Lawv tau raug xaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws uas tau ua haujlwm hauv musketeer thiab grenadier regiments.
Cov ris tsho hnav ris tsho yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsis txawv ntawm cov xim ci ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Cov xim tsaus nti tau kov yeej, tso cai rau koj los sib xyaw nrog ib puag ncig.ib puag ncig (pob zeb, pob zeb, thiab lwm yam).
Armament rangers - qhov no yog riam phom zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov tub rog Lavxias. Es tsis txhob sabers, lawv nqa bayonets. Thiab cov hnab tau npaj tsuas yog rau cov hmoov phom, grenades thiab cov khoom siv, uas tuaj yeem kav peb hnub.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog ntawm chasseurs tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab yog qhov kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog, lawv tau raug tshem tawm xyoo 1834.
Grenadiers
Lub npe ntawm kev tsim tub rog los ntawm lo lus "Grenada", i.e. "Grenade". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog infantry, armed tsis tau tsuas yog nrog phom, tab sis kuj nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm grenades, uas tau siv rau cua daj cua dub fortresses thiab lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb. Vim Txij li thaum tus qauv grenada hnyav heev, thiaj li yuav ntaus lub hom phiaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau los ze zog rau nws. Tsuas yog cov tub rog sib txawv ntawm kev ua siab loj thiab kev paub zoo heev thiaj li muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov no.
Lavxias teb sab grenadiers tau xaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov tub rog. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog hom no yog ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Lawm, lub grenader yuav tsum tau qhov txawv ntawm lub cev muaj zog heev thiaj li nqa tau ntau tus grenades hauv nws lub hnab. Thaum pib (nyob rau hauv Peter 1), thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom pab tub rog no tau tsim los ua ib pawg. Ze rau xyoo 1812, kev faib ntawm grenadiers twb tau tsim. Hom tub rog no muaj mus txog rau thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig.
Kev koom nrog Russia hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II
Kev sib tw kev lag luam thoob plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees ua rau muaj kev sib cav ntau dua 30 lub zog pib. Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv thawjntiaj teb tsov rog muaj nws qhov chaw. Ua tus tswv ntawm ib pab tub rog muaj zog, nws tau los ua tus saib xyuas ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm Entente. Zoo li lwm lub zog, Russia muaj nws tus kheej cov kev xav thiab suav rau thaj av thiab cov peev txheej uas tuaj yeem tsim nyog los ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv ntiaj teb kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Russian Army hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj aviation thiab armored tsheb, lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug tsis xav tau tub rog, txij li thaum lawv muaj ntau tshaj 1 lab tus tib neeg. Muaj phom thiab mos txwv txaus. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog nrog cov plhaub. Hauv keeb kwm, qhov tshwm sim no hu ua "kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub plhaub". Tom qab tsib lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias tau khoob, uas ua rau xav tau yuav cov plhaub los ntawm cov phooj ywg.
Cov tub rog hnav khaub ncaws muaj ib lub tsho ntaub, ris tsho thiab lub kaus mom ntsuab tsaus. Cov khau looj plab hlaub thiab txoj siv sia kuj tseem yog cov tub rog uas tseem ceeb. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, ib lub tsho loj thiab lub kaus mom raug muab tso tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, infantry ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tsis raug kev txom nyem hloov nyob rau hauv uniform. Tshwj tsis yog tias daim ntaub raug hloov mus rau moleskin - ib yam khoom tshiab.
Muaj riam phom nrog Mosin phom (lossis peb tus thawj coj), nrog rau bayonets. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog tau muab sapper shovels, hnab thiab phom tu cov khoom siv.
Mosin phom
Kuj hu ua trilinear. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yog lo lus nug tseem ceeb rau niaj hnub no. Nws paub tias Mosin phom yog riam phom uas tau xav tau txij li xyoo 1881. Nws txawm siv thaum lub sij hawm thib obKev ua tsov ua rog ntiaj teb, raws li nws tau ua ke peb yam tseem ceeb - kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, raug thiab ntau yam.
Peb tus kav yog vim li cas thiaj hu tias? Qhov tseeb yog tias ua ntej lub caliber raug xam raws li qhov ntev. Cov kab tshwj xeeb tau siv. Thaum ntawd, ib kab yog 2.54 hli. Lub cartridge ntawm Mosin phom yog 7.62 hli, uas yog haum rau 3 kab.
