Murom tus thawj tswj hwm: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, kev loj hlob thiab kev puas tsuaj

Cov txheej txheem:

Murom tus thawj tswj hwm: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, kev loj hlob thiab kev puas tsuaj
Murom tus thawj tswj hwm: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, kev loj hlob thiab kev puas tsuaj
Anonim

Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Murom tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 12th, muaj nyob rau yuav luag 200 xyoo, thiab thaum lub sijhawm Tatar-Mongol quab yuam nws puas lawm. Lub peev ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, lub nroog Murom, tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm pawg neeg Finougor - Murom, uas nyob hauv thaj chaw no los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm thawj txhiab xyoo AD. Thaj chaw ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm yog nyob rau hauv lub bass ntawm tus dej Veletma, Pra, Motra, Tesha.

keeb kwm luv luv ntawm keeb kwm

Thaum lub sijhawm txij xyoo 10 mus txog rau xyoo pua 11, lub nroog Murom tau los ua qhov chaw lag luam loj. Lub hwj chim tau koom nrog cov thawj coj ntawm Kievan Rus, thiab thawj tus kav yog Gleb Vladimirovich los ntawm Rurik dynasty, tus tub ntawm Prince Vladimir ntawm Kyiv. Tom qab nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1015, lub hwj chim tau dhau mus rau tus tswv xeev ntawm Grand Duke, thiab nyob rau hauv 1024, thaum lub cheeb tsam tau annexed mus rau lub Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Chernigov, Chernigov tswv xeev pib kav Murom. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, Murom tau luv luv los ntawm Volga Bulgars, tab sis sai sai raug tshem tawm. Cov tub ntawm Vladimir Monomakh thiab Oleg Svyatoslavich tau tawm tsam rau thaj chaw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov tub ntawm Vladimir yeej thiab tau txais lub hwj chim ntawm Chernigov thiab Murom thaj av.

Duab ntawm Murom, artist I. S. Kulikov
Duab ntawm Murom, artist I. S. Kulikov

Txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, thaj av uas Thawj Tswj Hwm Murom tau tsim los nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Chernigov princes, kom txog rau thaum muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb sab hauv ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, lub nroog ntawm Murom tau ua tiav kev ywj pheej thiab tau los ua lub peev ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm tswj hwm. Ryazan kuj poob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov chaw tswj hwm tshiab, thiab tus thawj tswj hwm nws tus kheej tau los ua lub npe hu ua Muromo-Ryazan. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, muaj kev faib ua ob lub hauv paus tseem ceeb: Murom thiab Ryazan. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1160s. n. e.

Muromo-Ryazan Principality

Tom qab kev swb thiab tshem tawm ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaroslav Svyatoslavich los ntawm Vsevolod Olgovich xyoo 1127, Yaroslav cov tub Yury, Svyatoslav thiab Rostislav tseem kav Murom. Tom qab nws tus tij laug tuag, Rostislav nyob Murom, thiab tsa nws tus tub Gleb los kav Ryazan. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev teem caij no, cov cai ntawm Svyatoslav cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv raug ua txhaum, thiab lawv tig mus rau Yuri Dolgoruky thiab Yaroslav Olgovich rau kev pab.

Muromo-Ryazan Principality ntawm daim ntawv qhia
Muromo-Ryazan Principality ntawm daim ntawv qhia

Nyob rau hauv teb rau qhov kev ua phem ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv, Rostislav koom nrog Izyaslav Mstislavich, Dolgoruky tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau hloov Yuri txoj kev xav, hauv 1146 Rostislav tau tawm tsam Suzdal, tab sis Yuri cov tub tau tawm tsam muaj zog, thiab Rostislav tau thim rov qab. Ob xyoos tom qab, Rostislav koom nrog Polovtsians thiabtswj kom rov muaj zog dua Ryazan, thiab ob xyoos tom qab - hla Murom. Ryazan tau los ua lub peev ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm.

Tawm tsam Ryazan
Tawm tsam Ryazan

Nyob rau hauv 1153, Yuri Dolgoruky tau ua tsis tiav los ua kom rov qab tau thaj chaw ntawm Muromo-Ryazan tus thawj tswj hwm, teb rau cov kev ua no, Rostislav rov tawm tsam Suzdal. Yuri tswj kom ntes Ryazan, tab sis tsis ntev tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm qhov ntawd los ntawm Polovtsians. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Rostislav tuag, thiab lub zwm txwv dhau mus rau nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Vladimir Svyatoslavich. Pib xyoo 1160, Thawj Tswj Hwm Murom tau cais tawm ntawm Ryazan thiab tau los ua ib lub xeev ywj pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv keeb kwm annals, ob cheeb tsam tshwm sim ua ib qho chaw. Qhov xwm txheej no tseem nyob mus txog rau thaum lub koom haum Thawj Tswj Hwm Murom rau Moscow.

Lub sijhawm txhim kho thiab kov yeej

Xyoo 1159, cov thawj coj ntawm Murom koom nrog cov thawj coj ntawm Vladimir. Qhov kev sib koom ua tiav no tau mus txog rau xyoo 1237 thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los yeej ntau qhov kev sib tw ua tub rog. Nyob rau hauv 1152 thiab 1196, raids tau npaj tawm tsam Chernigov, thiab nyob rau hauv 1159, tawm tsam lub nroog ntawm Vshchizh, uas yog tam sim no ib tug me me lub zos nyob rau hauv lub Bryansk cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv 1164, 1172, 1184 thiab 1220. Marches tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Volga Bulgaria, nyob rau hauv 1170 - nyob rau Novgorod, nyob rau hauv 1173 - nyob rau hauv Vyshgorod, thiab ces nyob rau hauv Vladimir, nyob rau hauv 1186 - nyob rau hauv Kolomna, nyob rau hauv 1207 - nyob rau Pronsk nyob rau hauv Ryazan cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv 1213, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm Rostov, thiab nyob rau hauv 1216, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lipitsa tau tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm tus dej Gza. Nyob rau hauv 1228 thiab 1232 Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim nrog kev sib cais ntawm Mordovians, cov neeg Finougor.

Murom, Belaya Rus
Murom, Belaya Rus

Tatar-Mongol quab thiab kawg ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, Thawj Tswj Hwm Murom tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Mongol. Lub nroog feem ntau raug rhuav tshem, thiab hauv 1239 Murom nws tus kheej raug hlawv. Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv 100 xyoo tom ntej no tsis paub txog keeb kwm. Xyoo 1351, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yuri Yaroslavich rov tsim Murom, tab sis 4 xyoos tom qab ntawd nws raug ntiab tawm los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Fedor Glebovich, uas nws keeb kwm tsis paub txog keeb kwm. Yuri mus rau Golden Horde kom tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm khan los kav, tab sis lub khan tau nyiam Fedor. Tom qab 40 xyoo, lub Horde tau muab ib daim ntawv lo rau lub reign ntawm Moscow Prince Vasily kuv Dmitrievich, thiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev ywj pheej xaus. Nyob rau hauv 1392, nyob rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm Vasily, lub Murom thiab Nizhny Novgorod cov thawj tswj hwm tau annexed rau Moscow.

Pom zoo: