Txhua lub tebchaws muaj nws tus kheej peculiarities ntawm kev kawm. Qee qhov txhua yam yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub xeev, tab sis qhov chaw nws raug tso tseg rau lub caij nyoog, qhov chaw muaj chaw rau kev xav thiab kev paub txog tus kheej, thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem nruj ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov kev kawm hauv tebchaws Ltalis yog dab tsi, peb yuav qhia ntxiv.
Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub xeev
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom paub txog kev kawm hauv tebchaws Ltalis yog qhov ua tiav, sab hauv thiab sab nraud, subordinate rau lub xeev. Lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua tau ua tib zoo coj cov thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv hauv cheeb tsam no rau hauv nws tus kheej tes: nws tsim cov kev cob qhia, tswj cov kws qhia ntawv qib siab, ua cov kev xeem rau cov kws qhia ntawv muaj peev xwm, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm pasta thiab ravioli yog hloov tau yooj yim, nws yog tas li hloov - thiab qhov no yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tau ib tug zoo tagnrho lub xeev los ntawm modernizing thiab hloov kho nws. Txawm tias tag nrho cov nruj thiab tswj tau, qhov kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Ltalis tseem tsis tuaj yeem hu ua, tab sis qhov no yog qhov uas lub xeev tau mob siab rau.
Ntau yam
Txoj kev kawm hauv ltalis muaj peb yam hu ua. Cov no yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Tsis yog thawj lossis qhov kawg yog cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua hauv lub xeev no, yog li txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws ntawm ravioli yuav tsum tau mus dhau qhov nruab nrab tag nrho ntawm kev kawm, uas pib ntawm rau rau thiab xaus ntawm kaum plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb tsis tau ua ntej ntawm peb tus kheej - cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog txhua hom kev kawm thiab txhua theem yuav tau tham tom qab.
Kev kawm theem nrab: qib
Muaj peb theem kev kawm hauv tebchaws Ltalis, uas ua ke ua rau qhov nruab nrab tag nrho ntawm kev kawm - theem pib thiab ob theem ntawm theem nrab. Thawj theem kav peb xyoos, qhov thib ob, nrog rau kev kawm thawj zaug, los ntawm txoj kev, tsib xyoos. Yog li, tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm tag nrho cov kev kawm theem nrab rau cov neeg Italians yog kaum peb xyoos.
Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau kev kawm qib siab thiab nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis yooj yim ua - cov neeg thov coob coob ua rau muaj kev sib tw loj heev rau qhov chaw hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv Ltalis. Interestingly, tsuas yog thawj ob kauj ruam yog yuav tsum tau - lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib thiab junior high school - thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum plaub, ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ltalis yuav zoo mus ua hauj lwm thiab tsis gnaw ntxiv rau cov granite ntawm science.
Preschoolers
Kev kawm ua ntej-tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Ltalis, raws li tau hais dhau los, tsis suav nrog hauv qeb "kev yeem-yuav tsum tau ua". Muab piv rau tsev kawm ntawv, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsis saib xyuas zoo: lub xeev tau pov tag nrho nws cov tub rog mus rau hauvQib nruab nrab, tsis muaj kev saib xyuas ntau dhau txog qhov me me Italians tau qhia hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam thiab kindergartens. Tej zaum, qhov no kuj yog vim li cas qee cov niam txiv tsis xav xa lawv cov menyuam mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm hom no, instilling nyob rau hauv nws tsim nyog thiab thawj kev paub, nrog rau kev paub txog kev sib raug zoo, ntawm nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau dua li cuaj caum feem pua ntawm cov menyuam yaus Italian mus rau qib kindergarten. Lawv coj ib tug me nyuam mus txog thaum muaj ob lossis peb xyoos.
Kindergartens hauv ltalis tau muab faib ua ob theem: thawj qhov chaw zov me nyuam - lawv hu ua asilo nidi - thiab qhov thib ob kindergarten nws tus kheej, uas yog hu ua scuola materna. Hauv tsev zov me nyuam, koj tuaj yeem "muab" koj tus menyuam thaum ntxov li peb lub hlis. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov niam txiv ua haujlwm - thiab cov neeg nyob hauv ltalis yog feem ntau, thiab yog li qhov kev thov rau cov chaw zov me nyuam yog siab heev. Cov tsev neeg tau nyiaj tsawg muaj qhov zoo dua. Tus nqi ntawm tus menyuam nyob hauv ib lub tsev zov me nyuam nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg teev hauv ib hnub (them txhua teev) thiab qhov tseeb ntawm "txoj cai" ntawm kindergarten nws tus kheej.
Cov me nyuam yaus tau nyob hauv lub vaj tau peb xyoos - yog li ntawd, lawv tau npaj nkag mus kawm thiab tsiv mus rau theem tshiab ntawm kev kawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsib lossis rau xyoo. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Italian txoj kev kawm thiab Lavxias teb sab - nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsib thiab nyob rau hauv 6 xyoo yog suav tias yog tseem yog ib tug me nyuam mos, kiag li tsis npaj rau tsev kawm ntawv (ntawm chav kawm, yog hais tias peb. tsis hais txog geeks - tab sis qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj li txoj cai). Kindergartens (tab sis tsis yog chaw zov me nyuam!) hauv ltalis yog ob qho tib si ntiag tug thiab pej xeem, nrog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm tom kawg. Yog nyob rau hauv private kindergartens niam txiv yuav tsumthem nyiaj, thiab tom qab ntawd them ib qho nyiaj txhua hli, tom qab ntawd cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem tau pub dawb, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb cov niam txiv tseem them qee cov nqi - piv txwv li, lawv them cov zaub mov thiab kev thauj mus los (cov menyuam yaus raug coj mus rau qib kindergarten thiab coj mus rau ib qho. tsheb sib koom). Txawm hais tias muaj ntau lub xeev lub vaj, muaj ob peb qhov chaw nyob hauv lawv, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau thov ua ntej txhawm rau txhawm rau "stalk" qhov chaw rau koj tus kheej.
Nyob hauv chaw zov me nyuam, cov me nyuam tuaj yeem nyob ib nrab ntawm xya mus rau ib nrab ntawm ib - tsib teev hauv ib hnub. Nyob ntawd cov menyuam yaus ua si, kawm sib tham, kawm txog lub ntiaj teb. Cov pab pawg hauv Italian kindergartens tau tsim loj - los ntawm kaum tsib mus rau peb caug tus neeg, txawm li cas los xij, ntawm tib lub hnub nyoog (cov pab pawg muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv tsuas yog tsim hauv thaj chaw nrog cov neeg tsawg). Txhua pab pawg muaj tsawg kawg yog ob tug kws qhia ntawv. Feem ntau, kindergartens qhib tsib los yog rau hnub hauv ib lub lis piam, thiab cov menyuam tuaj yeem nyob ntawd xya teev hauv ib hnub.
Cov kev ua ub no ntawm Italian kev kawm muaj rau cov menyuam kawm preschool? Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim muaj tswv yim - qauv, suab paj nruag, kos duab thiab lwm yam. Raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam yaus tsis raug qhia kom nyeem thiab sau ntawv hauv cov tsev kawm qib kindergarten - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus kheej xwb. Ib yam li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus tsis tau qhia cov lus hauv kindergartens. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau lub tsev kawm qib kindergarten tau teeb tsa hauv cov tsev teev ntuj - thiab tom qab ntawd cov nuns tau koom nrog kev yug menyuam, thiab ntau lub sijhawm tau mob siab rau instilling spirituality nyob rau hauv lawv.
Types of schools
Hauv tebchaws Ltalis, muaj ob lub tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem (kev kawm theem ob) thiab cov tsev kawm ntiag tug. Thiab yog tias cov menyuam yaus Italian muaj kev ywj pheej xaiv qhov twgcov tsev kawm ntawv no mus gnaw ntawm granite ntawm kev tshawb fawb, ces cov pej xeem txawv teb chaws tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev - lawv tuaj yeem kawm tsuas yog hauv cov tsev ntiav lossis thoob ntiaj teb, cov xeev yuav tsis lees txais lawv. Hauv qab no peb yuav tham ntxiv txog ob hom tsev kawm ntawv.
Public Schools
Muaj ntau qhov zoo sib xws thiab ob peb qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem thiab ntiav hauv Ltalis. Kev cob qhia kev cob qhia yog tib yam nyob ntawd thiab muaj. Cov qhab nia tsis muab rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, es tsis txhob cim qhov kev ua tiav thiab kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv daim ntawv hais lus ("zoo heev", "tsis zoo", thiab lwm yam). Kev kawm muab faib ua ob semesters ntawm rau lub hlis, cov txiv neej kawm tsib hnub hauv ib lub lis piam (hnub ua haujlwm). Cov pej xeem Italian me me tsis muaj lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev paub hauv tsev, xws li, piv txwv li, peb cov menyuam muaj - lawv txhua tus yuav tsum tau tuaj rau lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tib lub sijhawm, cov chav kawm tsim cov xim sib txawv - uas yog, ob qho tib si cov menyuam noj qab haus huv thiab cov menyuam tsis taus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los kawm ua ke, lawv tsis ua qhov txawv ntawm lawv.
Txhua xyoo rau lub Rau Hli, cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum xeem ntawv lees paub lawv qhov kev paub. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov kev kuaj mob no - lossis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws - lawv yuav tsis raug xa mus rau theem tom ntej, tus menyuam yuav nyob twj ywm. Kev xeem yog nruj, thiab txawm tias tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib (nrog rau cov tsev kawm theem siab qis) - uas yog, ua ntej tsiv mus rau qib siab tshaj ntawm kev kawm - lawv yog cov tawv heev. Kev xaiv yog qhov hnyav, cov uas tsis dhau nws tseem nyob rau xyoo ob, lossis raug yuam mus ua haujlwm.
tsev kawm ntawv ntiav
Kev kawm hauv ltalis hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav txawv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem nkaus xwb hauv qhov ntawdCov tsev kawm ntawv no raug txwv tsis pub muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev kawm, thiab yog li cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum xeem txhua qhov kev xeem hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem, thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav lawv tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj tsawg lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav hauv Ltalis - nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv chav kawm. Yog tias nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem cov neeg ua haujlwm hnyav heev ntawm cov chav kawm yog ib txwm muaj, ces qhov no tsis pom nyob hauv cov tsev kawm ntiag tug.
Los ntawm cov tsev kawm thoob ntiaj teb hauv tebchaws Ltalis (tag nrho cov ntiag tug) muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias, Askiv, Asmeskas thiab Canada.
Thawj kauj ruam: tsev kawm theem qis
Raws li tau hais los saum no, kev kawm hauv ltalis hauv qib pib siv tsib xyoos - cov no yog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5-6 txog 10-11 xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, cov menyuam kawm tag nrho cov kev kawm nyob rau tib theem yam tsis tau tsom mus rau ib qho kev paub tshwj xeeb. Lawv raug qhia kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, lej thiab geography - feem ntau, tag nrho cov kev qhuab qhia yuam kev. Tsuas yog kev ntseeg me me Italians tuaj yeem xaiv los kawm yeem.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm theem pib thiab theem nrab hauv tebchaws Ltalis qhia tias muaj kev kawm dawb - tau kawg, yog tias tus menyuam mus rau tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li tau hais dhau los, tus neeg txawv tebchaws tsis muaj cai mus kawm hauv lub xeev lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau txais kev kawm theem pib thiab theem nrab, txawm hais tias nws thiab nws tsev neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Ltalis li cas.
Txhawm rau mus kawm ntawv theem siab, cov menyuam yuav tsum xeem dhau ob qhov kev xeem - qhov ncauj thiab sau ntawv. Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig tau txaus siab, lawv yuav tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawmkev kawm theem pib thiab hloov mus rau kev kawm theem nrab. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsev kawm theem pib hauv tebchaws Ltalis hu ua scuola elementare.
theem ob: junior high school
theem no kuj yuav tsum tau rau txhua tus tub ntxhais hluas Italian. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, nyob rau theem no, cov txiv neej kawm peb xyoos, thiab qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kaum-kaum kaum ib mus rau kaum peb-tsib plaub xyoos. Hauv scuola medla - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm no - cov menyuam yaus koom nrog cov lus, lej, natural sciences, ntawv nyeem, keeb kwm, thev naus laus zis - feem ntau, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo tib yam. Thaum kawg ntawm txhua xyoo, hauv txhua qhov kev kawm, cov pej xeem Italian me me tau xeem - sau lossis hais lus.
Third Theem: Middle High School
Hnub nyoog kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tebchaws Ltalis yog 14-19 xyoo. Ib lub sijhawm tsib xyoos yog raws nraim li tus tub ntxhais hluas Italian xav tau los npaj rau kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv lossis tau txais txoj haujlwm. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum tsiv mus rau high school, tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb nws puas yuav tau txais kev kawm qib siab los yog tsis. Yog tias muaj, ces nws yuav txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv ib qho ntawm cov lyceums - nws yog cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Ltalis uas npaj nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Yog tias tsis yog, tom qab lub tsev kawm theem siab me xws li Italian muaj txoj kev ncaj qha mus rau tsev kawm qib siab, uas yog kwv yees li ntawm peb lub tsev kawm txuj ci. Muaj koj tuaj yeem tau txais, raws li peb hais, kev kawm tshwj xeeb theem nrab thiab mus ua haujlwm. Yog tias tom qab ntawd tus neeg xav mus kawm ntawv qib siab, nws yuav tsum tau kawm ib xyoos ntawm kev npaj.
Raws li rau cov lyceums, lawv muaj ntau hom thiab, qhov tseeb, ua ntej kev cob qhia hauv kev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv siab dua. Ntawd yog, xaiv ib lub lyceum, ib tug me nyuam ntawm lub hnub nyoog kawm ntawv laus twb xaiv ib tug yav tom ntej txoj hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam nkag mus rau hauv ib tug artistic lyceum, ces yav tom ntej nws yuav mus rau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas hu nkauj los yog actor. Yog hais tias nws mus rau pedagogical ib tug, ces nws npaj mus qhia, thiab hais txog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau saum toj no, nyob rau hauv ltalis muaj linguistic, suab paj nruag, classical, technical thiab natural science lyceums. Thaum ua tiav, nws yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov kev xeem, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov yuav dhau los lossis tsis dhau mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.
Kev kawm qib siab hauv ltalis
Ntawm no peb yog, kawg, thiab tau tsiv mus rau theem kawg ntawm kev kawm hauv thaj av pasta. Nws pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum cuaj - nws yog nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no uas qhov nruab nrab Italian kawm tiav high school. Kev xaiv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv kom tau txais "kev kawm qib siab" yog qhov tsim nyog: cov no yog cov tsev kawm qib siab, tsev kawm qib siab, thiab kev kawm nrog cov chaw khaws cia.
Kev kawm qib siab hauv tebchaws Ltalis kuj tau muab faib ua peb qib sib txawv. Thawj yog hu ua Corsi di Diploma Universitario, qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm peb cov bachelor's degree - nrog rau qhov sib txawv tsuas yog cov neeg Lavxias teb sab bachelors tag nrho cov kev kawm plaub xyoos, thiab cov Italians - los ntawm peb mus rau plaub (yog tias lawv tsis yog kws kho mob, lawv yuav tsum tau ua. kawm rau rau xyoo). Cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau kawm yam dav dav, xaiv xaiv, thiab xyaum xyaum.
kauj ruam thib obnyob rau hauv ltalis - magistracy, los yog Corsi di Laurea. Ntawm no, nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb, lawv kawm los ntawm ob mus rau peb xyoos (cov tshuaj tseem kawm ntev tshaj plaws).
Thaum kawg, theem peb yog kev kawm kws kho mob, lossis Corsi di Dottorato di Ricerca. Nws suav nrog kev ua koj tus kheej txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb, tiv thaiv nws thiab tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias koj tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev kawm no tsis yog hauv tsev kawm qib siab hauv tebchaws Ltalis qhov chaw koj kawm, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim ntawd tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, koj tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tus kws kho mob txoj haujlwm - ua ntej koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm rau peb xyoos hauv koj qhov tshwj xeeb, uas yog, tau txais cov txuj ci tsim nyog. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem thov thiab, tom qab ua tiav qhov kev xeem nkag, nkag mus rau Italian kws kho mob program.
Cia peb hais ob peb lo lus dav dav ntxiv txog kev kawm qib siab hauv thaj av ravioli. Ua ntej, nws tuaj yeem yog ob lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab tsis yog tsev kawm qib siab (tom kawg suav nrog cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab - piv txwv li, lus Askiv lossis diplomatic; kuj nyob rau hauv ltalis, lub npe hu ua tsev kawm ntawv ntawm zam thiab tsim muaj ntau heev, piv txwv li, Academy of Fine. Arts (Florence) yog qhov nrov ntawm cov neeg thov - Ltalis feem ntau suav tias yog tus naj npawb ib lub tebchaws hauv kev tau txais kev kawm zoo li no). Qhov thib ob, cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv tebchaws Ltalis, nrog rau cov tsev kawm ntawv, yog ob qho tib si ntiag tug thiab pej xeem. Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg "kev cob qhia" yog nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Italian, ces nyob rau hauv private nws kuj ua tau nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, uas rau ntau tus neeg uas tsis paub lus yog kev cawmdim. Thirdly, tus nqi ntawm ib xyoos ntawm kev kawm hauvib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv xeev hauv lub tebchaws yog sib npaug li tsib puas duas las (hauv cov tsev kawm ntiag tug, tus nqi, ntawm chav kawm, yog qhov kev txiav txim siab dua; txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv teev nws tus kheej tus nqi, qhov nruab nrab, nws nyob ntawm cuaj txhiab euros txog nees nkaum-ob).. Muaj 47 lub tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem hauv tebchaws Ltalis, tsuas yog cuaj lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav xwb.
Ntxim qab kawg, xyoo kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Ltalis pib thaum Lub Kaum Hli lossis Kaum Ib Hlis thiab xaus rau lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum dhau peb zaug, tab sis nws tus kheej muaj kev ywj pheej los txiav txim siab raws nraim thaum twg thiab nws yuav ua li cas, txij li ib txoj kev kawm ib tus neeg tau tsim nyob rau hauv ltalis. Feem ntau, rau tag nrho cov kev kawm, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau sau txog 19-20 yam kev kawm. Ua ntej kawm tiav, xws li nyob rau hauv Russia, Italian cov tub ntxhais kawm tiv thaiv lawv daim ntawv kawm tiav, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov peculiarity ntawm kev kawm hauv ltalis! - Yog tias lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los npaj cov haujlwm raws sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem kawm txuas ntxiv mus ntev npaum li lawv xav tau.
Npaj qhov tseeb
- Ntau pua xyoo kev lig kev cai tseem muaj sia nyob hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab Italian. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hnub so nws yog kev cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv zos hnav cov kaus mom ntau xim Robin Hood.
- Tsis muaj daim pib xeem hauv tebchaws Ltalis, thiab nws nyuaj heev kom dhau qhov kev xeem, vim lub tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm xav paub. Tias yog vim li cas ntawm kaum tus neeg, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog peb tus tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav.
- Nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv zoo li Academy of Fine Arts (Florence), koj yuav tsum tsis yog kom dhau qhov kev sib tw thiab dhau.kev xeem, tab sis kuj muab koj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev kawm hauv tebchaws Ltalis. Txawm koj kawm qhov twg los xij, cia koj txoj kev kawm muaj kev xyiv fab thiab tsuas yog muaj kev lom zem xwb!
