Belarus yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub xeev uas suav nrog hauv pab pawg nrog qib siab ntawm tib neeg kev loj hlob Performance index. Txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus tau mus txog qhov chaw uas cov neeg laus kawm ntawv yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tus nqi ntawm kev tso npe ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv hais txog lub teb chaws qhov chaw tsim nyog hauv kev kawm. Cov nyiaj pab rau kev kawm tau txais 5% ntawm GDP, uas zoo ib yam li cov duab zoo sib xws hauv cheeb tsam no hauv lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.
System Qhia tawm
Ntau tshaj 8,000 lub tsev kawm tau qhib hauv tebchaws kom tau txais kev kawm theem pib, tshwj xeeb thiab ntxiv. Cov qauv ntawm kev kawm hauv Republic of Belarus suav nrog cov qib hauv qab no:
- preschool;
- general nruab nrab;
- medium speci alty;
- kev ua haujlwm;
- supreme;
- postgraduate.
Kev kawm ntxiv yog tsim los rau txhua tiam neeg ntawm lub tebchaws,pib nrog cov menyuam yaus, txuas ntxiv nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus, thiab xaus nrog txhua tus neeg uas, tsis hais lawv hnub nyoog li cas, xav kom tau txais kev tshaj lij lossis ib theem ntawm kev paub. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kauj ruam uas tau hais los saum toj no nyob rau hauv txhua yam sib raug rau cov qauv tsim nyog ntawm kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tuaj yeem xaus tias txhua tus tswvcuab hauv zej zog tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav tau txais kev kawm xav tau thoob plaws lub neej.
Yog tias peb suav nrog kev ntsuas ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob hauv lub tebchaws, ces Belarus yog nyob rau sab saum toj peb caug lub tebchaws tsim hauv ntiaj teb thiab sab saum toj ntawm cov npe ntawm CIS lub tebchaws. Lub xeev nyob rau 21st qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv raws li kev qhia ua ke ntawm UN Development Program. Cov kev kawm zoo tau lees paub los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm siab tsis yog cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj keeb kwm Belarusian, tab sis kuj suav nrog Lavxias, Suav, Tajik, Turkish thiab lwm yam. Multinationality ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib hom kev lees paub los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws ntawm qib siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm qhia thiab kev kawm muaj peev xwm.
Kindergarten
Txoj kev tsim kho zoo ntawm kev kawm ua ntej hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv Republic of Belarus hais txog kev tuaj yeem tuaj koom ntawm lub tsev kawm tsim nyog. Mus rau kindergarten tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau txhua tus menyuam. Cov niam txiv hauv qhov no txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej, tab sis feem ntau cov menyuam yaus mus kawm preschool ua ntej mus kawm ntawv. Muaj ntau dua 4,000 lub xeev-khiav kev kawm ua ntej-tsev kawm ntawv hauv lub tebchaws. Muaj cov kindergartenscov cuab yeej, tab sis lawv tus lej yog ntau zaus qis dua. Kev pab them nqi kho mob rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo los ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam preschool yog yuav luag 75% (kwv yees li 50% hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog thiab 81.5% hauv nroog).
Lub ntsiab ntawm kev kawm theem nrab
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm qib kev kawm hauv Republic of Belarus yuav tsum pib nrog cov theem nrab, uas pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo thiab muab faib ua:
- common pib;
- tag nrho nruab nrab.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib pib kawm qib 1 txog qib 9, theem nrab - mus txog qib 11. Tom qab ua tiav cov theem pib, cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm hauv lyceums, tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm ua haujlwm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj lub sijhawm los ua kom tiav kev kawm theem nrab thiab tau txais kev txawj ntse.
Cov tsev kawm ntawv saum toj no tuaj yeem nkag tau tom qab 11 chav kawm. Tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kawm theem nrab lossis theem nrab yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, yam tsis muaj daim ntawv no nws tsis tuaj yeem mus kawm ntxiv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.
Muaj ntau dua 3,230 lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm theem nrab, qee qhov ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej. Cov qauv ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau qhia txog kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kawm theem siab. Ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab uas tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv theem nrab yog kev nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis.
Yog li, hauv lub peev lub gymnasiums thiab tsev kawm ntawv, cov ntawv teev lus hluav taws xob tau qhia,"huab" cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib puag ncig kev kawm, kev siv cov peev txheej thiab cov kev pabcuam, nrog rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv siv tau.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm Soviet tawv tawv, kev tshaj lij ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab niaj hnub tso cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv Belarusian tau txais ntau yam khoom plig ntawm kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb Olympiads txhua xyoo.
Kev Kawm Tshwj Xeeb
Tsoomfwv lub koom haum tau ua tiav hauv kev teeb tsa txoj hauv kev rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus yog tsom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub muab lub sij hawm kom tau txais kev paub, tab sis kuj muab kev pab nyob rau hauv lub kho thiab pedagogical theem, uas yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov theem ntawm socialization ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm tag nrho cov hnub nyoog. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev xav tau tshwj xeeb (lub hlwb thiab lub cev) rau hauv kindergartens thiab tsev kawm ntawv yog xyaum (ntau dua 70%).
Ntau tshaj 240 lub tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm hom no muab kev pabcuam hauv tebchaws. Cov chaw zov me nyuam no yog lub hauv paus txheej txheem thiab kev tshaj xov xwm los txhim kho cov kev txawj ntse ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv tshaj lij, nrog rau kev kawm zoo li no feem ntau.
Kev kawm txuj ci thiab kev kawm txuj ci
Kev txiav txim siab theem ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov kev kawm hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, vim tias lub teb chaws xav tau kev paub txog cov kws tshaj lij uas ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab tseem, nws yog ntau. yooj yim dua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm li no kom txav mus rau theem ua haujlwm, ib nrab hnub kawm txuas ntxiv hauv kev kawm qib siabkev lag luam.
Muaj ntau dua 166 lub tsev kawm ua haujlwm hauv lub tebchaws, sawv cev los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, lyceums thiab tsev kawm qib siab, thiab ntau dua 40 lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lwm hom, cov kev kawm uas yog tsom rau kev kawm tiav cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau tshaj peb puas txoj haujlwm.
Kev kawm qib siab
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm qib siab hauv Republic of Belarus yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau dua 50 lub tsev kawm, suav nrog kev kawm, tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov koom haum. Niaj hnub no, cov tsev kawm ntawv ntiav tau suav hais tias tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj, uas tseem kawm tiav ntau txhiab tus kws tshaj lij tsim nyog.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm hauv 15 qhov profile, 382 qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kawm qib siab ntawm thawj theem thiab 331 ntawm theem thib ob. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm thaum nruab hnub, yav tsaus ntuj, sau ntawv lossis kev kawm nyob deb. Vim lub fact tias muaj 2 hom lus nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, cov txheej txheem kev kawm muaj peev xwm tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab Belarusian.
Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tuaj txawv teb chaws, muaj kev qhuab qhia ua lus Askiv. Tom qab tau txais kev kawm qib siab, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv koj cov kev kawm hauv kev kawm tiav qib siab thiab kws kho mob, qhov twg cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm. Kev tsim nyog siab dua tuaj yeem tau txais hauv 430 qhov tshwj xeeb.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb
Hnub no, ntau tus neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas txawv teb chaws nrhiav kev kawm hauv Belarus. Muaj cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab tuaj yeem, hauvThaum kawg ntawm kev kawm tiav tiav, tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb. Cov qauv kev kawm ntawm Republic of Belarus pom zoo cov txheej txheem rau npe rau cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws:
- tus nqi raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lees paub thaum paub cov ntaub ntawv kawm los npaj cov pej xeem rau kev kawm qib siab;
- pub dawb lossis them tus nqi raws li kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb uas twb muaj lawm;
- them nyiaj tom qab dhau qhov kev xam phaj, uas qhia txog cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus thiab kawm cov lus uas yuav ua rau kev paub txog kev paub.
Rau cov pej xeem ntawm Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan thiab Tajikistan, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev txhim kho kev koom ua ke humanitarian thiab economic kev kawm ntawv, cov cai zoo sib xws tau tso cai rau cov pej xeem Belarusian (muaj lub caij nyoog kom tau ib lub xeev-nyiaj chaw.).
National issue
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm ntawm Republic of Belarus tsom mus rau kev txhim kho lub peev xwm loj hauv kev txhim kho tib neeg, sim ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau nce qib ntawm kev nyeem ntawv ntawm cov pejxeem.
Cov duab qhia tias txhua tus neeg nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev kawm. Lub xeev txoj cai yog ua raws li kev txhawb nqa qee cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv:
- kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm los ntawm lub xeev;
- kev muaj kev sib luag kev kawm;
- txhim kho kev kawm zoo, tsis hais txog kev sib raug zooxwm txheej.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev yog kev pabcuam hauv kev tsim cov kev kawm pheej yig rau txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws los ntawm kev tsim lub network ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm thiab qib siab dua. Txog rau qhov kawg no, ntau dua 10,000 lub chaw thiab cov tsev kawm qhib lawv lub qhov rooj txhua hnub, qhov twg muaj li ntawm 2 lab tus menyuam, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev kawm ntawm ntau theem, thiab ntau dua 445,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm tau koom tes los muab cov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse uas tsim nyog.
Txoj kev kawm hauv Republic of Belarus tau teeb tsa hauv txoj hauv kev los muab kev kawm tiav raws li cov qauv kev lees paub, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv lawv txoj kev xav kom tau txais kev tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm.
tsev kawm ntawv qib siab
Belarus muaj pej xeem thiab ntiag tug cov lag luam (raws li daim ntawv ua tswv cuab). Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kwv yees li 285,000 tus tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm hauv 51 lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, 160,000 ntawm lawv tau txais kev kawm puv sijhawm, tus so: ib nrab hnub (123,400) thiab yav tsaus ntuj (1,300), yuav luag 14,500 yog neeg txawv tebchaws. Vim lub fact tias muaj ob official lus nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, Belarusian universities muaj 2 txoj kev kom tau txais kev paub: nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab Belarusian, tshwj tsis yog cov neeg txawv teb chaws, lectures nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yog muab rau lawv.
Tab sis cov coefficient ntawm cov uas xav mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Belarusian lus yog tsis loj - 0.2% ntawm tag nrho cov duab, tab sis sib xyaw kev kawm nyob rau hauv ob Belarusian thiab Lavxias teb sab yog xaiv los ntawm 37.4% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, 62 yog npaj txhij. kawm tsuas yog hauv Lavxias, 4%.
Highlight:
| Nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm (Minsk) |
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| Departmental |
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| Classic |
Belarusian State Universities hauv:
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| Technological and technical plan |
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| kev lag luam |
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| Cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv tebchaws Belarus |
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| Kev tshwj xeeb heev |
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| Artistic and cultural universities |
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| Medical Public Universities hauv |
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Art in education
Txoj kev kawm hauv Republic of Belarus muaj lub xeev-public cwj pwm. Kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab nyob hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim tus cwj pwm zoo, yog li ntawd, rov qab rau xyoo 1945, lub koom haum Belarusian State Theatre tau teeb tsa hauv Minsk, qhov chaw uas lawv tau qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam, kos duab, qhia, duab, thiab duab puab. Nyob rau xyoo 1990, Belarusian State Academy of Arts pib xyaum qhia kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv TV, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Hnub no, Belarusian thiab txawv teb chaws cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem tau txais kev txawj hauv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv qab no:
- monumental-decorative art;
- painting;
- nraaj;
- sculpture;
- kev ua yeeb yam;
- khoom siv tes ua thiab khoom siv tes ua;
- design;
- directing theatre;
- kev thuam;
- kev ua yeeb yam;
- film-teleoperatorstvo;
- zaj duab xis thiab TV directing.
Science and Innovation Education Center
Lub tsev kawm ntawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm qib siab hauv tebchaws Belarus yog Belarusian State University hauv Minsk, uas cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev paub hauv cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm 20 faculties. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1921. Txhawm rau nkag mus thiab pib kev cob qhia muaj, koj yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov kev xeem hauv nruab nrab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qee qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau kev xeem nkag.
Qhov kev ntsuas BSU tau nce txhua xyoo, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2018 nws tau txais 487th qhov chaw raws li Webometrics Ranking ntawm Ntiaj Teb Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv. Ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm CIS lub teb chaws, lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav siv qhov chaw thib 4. Nws tseem yog ranked nyob rau saum 500 zoo tshaj plaws universities nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Yuav kom tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab ntawm kev kawm qib siab hauv tsev kawm qib siab ntawm Republic of Belarus, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab ua tiav qhov nruab nrab ntawm 4500-5700 teev ntawm kev kawm (4-5 xyoo kawm). Tom qab ua tiav lawv cov kev kawm, cov kawm tiav yuav xeem lub xeev hauv lawv qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov thesis. Pawg neeg xeem, tom qab ua tiav cov kev xeem, muab cov kev tsim nyog raws li cov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb, uas tom qab ntawd tau qhia hauv daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm qib siab.
