Peripatetic yog cov lus qhuab qhia uas tau tshwm sim hauv Rome nrog rau lwm cov kev xav Greek ua tsaug rau Carneades thiab Diogenes, tab sis tsis tshua paub txog thaum lub sijhawm Silla. Tus sau ntawv Tyrannion thiab Andronicus ntawm Rhodes yog thawj tus uas tau saib xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm Aristotle thiab Theophrastus.
Qhov tsis meej ntawm Aristotle cov ntawv sau tau cuam tshuam txoj kev vam meej ntawm nws lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg Loos. Julius Caesar thiab Augustus patronized Peripatetic kev qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Tiberius, Caligula thiab Claudius, Peripatetics, nrog rau lwm lub tsev kawm philosophical, raug ntiab tawm lossis raug yuam kom nyob twj ywm ntawm lawv cov kev xav. Qhov no kuj yog qhov tshwm sim thaum feem ntau ntawm Nero txoj kev kav, txawm hais tias thaum pib nws txoj kev xav tau nyiam. Ammonius ntawm Alexandria, ib tug Peripatetic, tau siv zog heev los nthuav lub hwj chim ntawm Aristotle, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov Platonists pib kawm nws cov ntawv sau thiab teem rau theem rau eclectic peripatetic nyob rau hauv Ammonius Sakas. Tom qab lub sijhawm ntawm Justinian, lub tswv yim tag nrho poob rau hauv kev poob qis. Tab sis cov ntawv sau ntawm scholastics tau dominated los ntawmAristotle txoj kev xav.
School Development
Cov neeg ncaj ncees ntawm Aristotle nkag siab thiab lees txais tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm nws lub cev - cov uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev xav. Tsawg tsawg tus neeg xav tsim nyog yuav tsum nco qab tuaj tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Aristotle-peripatetic. Peb tab tom tham ntawm no tsuas yog peb - Theophrastus ntawm Lesbos, Straton ntawm Lampsak thiab Dicaearchus ntawm Messenia. Kuj tseem muaj cov Peripatetics, uas tau dhau los ua ntau dua li Aristotelian editors thiab commentators.
Theophrastus ntawm Lesbos
Theophrastus (Theophrastus, kwv yees li 372-287 BC), Aristotle tus tub ntxhais kawm nyiam, tau xaiv los ntawm nws los ua nws tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Peripatetic, muab Aristotle txoj kev xav ua qhov kev txhais lus zoo. Pom tau tias tau tsav los ntawm lub siab xav coj lub siab thiab tus ntsuj plig mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo dua li nws xav tias Aristotle coj lawv mus rau hauv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau tso tseg qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov laj thawj, tab sis txhais cov kev txav uas nws suav nrog, piv rau Aristotle, genesis thiab kev puas tsuaj raws li kev txwv ntawm tus ntsuj plig, thiab "zog" - tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm dawb huv lossis qhov tseeb, tab sis kuj yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub cev ua si.
Nws lub tswv yim kev xav thiab peripatetics tau ua pov thawj tias tsis muaj kev txav uas tsis muaj "zog". Qhov no yog tantamount rau muab kev txav mus rau qhov tseeb, thaum Aristotle tsis hloov qhov tseeb. Cov kev txav ntawm tus ntsuj plig (Aristotle tsis lees paub qhov kev txav ntawm tus ntsuj plig) muaj ob hom: lub cev (piv txwv li, kev ntshaw, mob siab rau, kev npau taws)thiab tsis yog khoom (piv txwv li, kev txiav txim thiab kev paub txog). Nws khaws Aristotle txoj kev xav tias cov khoom siv sab nraud yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev tsim txiaj thiab tsim nyog rau kev zoo siab, thiab ntseeg tias kev sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees yog tso cai thiab tsim nyog thaum qhov kev sib txawv no yuav ua rau muaj kev xav txog kev phem loj los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg lossis muab qhov zoo rau nws. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Theophrastus yog nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav nws tau muab rau kev tshawb fawb ntuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog botany (phytology), nyob rau hauv kev mob siab rau xwm, uas nws tau ua tiav nws lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg cov cim
Straton of Lampsacus
Nws yog ib tug tub kawm ntawm Theophrastus thiab tus thawj coj tom ntej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Peripatetics (281-279 BC) tom qab nws. Strato tso tseg cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm qhov tseeb transcendence ntawm yog vim li cas. Nws tso cov kev xav tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov tswv cuab ntawm lub cev, tsis nyob rau hauv lub siab, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub siab; muab kev xav ib feem ntawm kev nkag siab; ua kom nkag siab sib hloov nrog kev xav tau coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim rhiab heev, thiab yog li mus txog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev xav ntawm kev nkag siab lub ntsiab lus. Qhov no tau ua tiav hauv kev sim txiav txim siab los ntawm Aristotle lub tswvyim ntawm xwm raws li lub zog tsis nco qab txav mus rau lub hom phiaj, lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws yuav zoo li tias Strato tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseeb sim, tab sis ua nws txoj kev xav ntawm lub hauv paus kev xav. Nws cov peripatetics yog qhov tseeb ib kauj ruam mus rau hauv kev coj los ntawm Theophrastus.
Dicaarchus ntawm Messenia
Nws mus ntxiv thiab coj tag nrho cov pob zeb ua ke, suav nrog tus ntsuj plig,rau ib tug omnipresent, natural vital thiab sentient force. Ntawm no lub tswv yim naturalistic ntawm kev sib sau ua ke yog nthuav tawm hauv kev yooj yim zoo meej. Dicearchus tau hais tias tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev tshawb fawb empirical, tsis yog rau kev kwv yees kwv yees.
khoom
Ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov lus qhuab qhia thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Peripatetic lub tsev kawm ntawv, muaj cov haujlwm ntawm Diogenes Laertius ua qhov chaw thib ob. Tsis tas li ntawd suav nrog yog cov lus qhia los ntawm Cicero, leej twg, nws yuav tsum tau hais, tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua thaum nws hais txog peripatetics dua li thaum nws tham txog cov kws tshawb fawb ua ntej Socratic.
The Archytas ntawm Tarentum, lub npe hu ua Musician, tau qhia ntau lub tswv yim ntawm Pythagoreans rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm Peripatetics, hais txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb.
Cov ntawv sau ntawm Demetrius Falerius thiab lwm yam Peripatetics thaum ntxov hauv kev xav yog feem ntau cov ntawv sau tseg rau keeb kwm dav dav.
Ntawm cov Peripatetics tom qab, hais txog yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm Andronicus ntawm Rhodes, uas kho cov haujlwm ntawm Aristotle (circa 70 BC). Exegetus thiab Aristocles ntawm Messenia yog nyob rau xyoo pua ob AD. Porphyry belongs rau lub xyoo pua peb, thiab Philopon thiab Simplicus mus rau xyoo pua rau. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, txawm hais tias koom nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv Neoplatonic lossis Eclectic, txhawb cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Peripatetic tsev kawm ntawv nrog lawv cov lus hais txog Aristotle. Tus kws kho mob Galen, yug txog 131 AD. e., kuj yog cov neeg txhais lus ntawm Aristotle.
rov qab
Qhov tseeb,Peripatetics yog lub tswv yim ntawm Aristotle uas yog nyob ib puag ncig kev xav ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov ntsiab lus qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb dualism ntawm cov teeb meem thiab daim ntawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Aristotle tias lub hom phiaj thiab cov ntsiab lus yog koom ua ke nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws thiab zoo meej synthesis. Lub tswv yim yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom. Tom ntej no hauv complexity yog lub tswv yim, uas yog daim ntawv ntawm lub neej thiab kev paub ntawm uas twb muaj lawm sib nrug los ntawm dab tsi yog thiab dab tsi yog paub, thaum lub siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv complexity yog lub essence, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov lus nug thiab ib feem ntawm ib daim ntawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, thiab kuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm kev txawj ntse.
Yog li ntawd, los ntawm Socrates mus rau Aristotle, muaj kev txhim kho tiag tiag, cov qauv keeb kwm ntawm uas yog lub hom phiaj compact: tswvyim, tswv yim thiab essence.
