Peb txhua tus siv cov lej: peb suav cov xyoo dhau los, nyiaj txiag, cov paj hauv lub paj ntawm tus phab ej ntawm hnub thiab tus naj npawb ntawm daim phiaj ntawm lub rooj noj mov. Yog tsis muaj lawv, txoj sia yuav tsis ua tau. Lub peev xwm suav yog instilled nyob rau hauv peb los ntawm kindergarten, thiab txawm ntxov.
Cov menyuam yaus kawm suav cov sticks, tom qab ntawd - ntawm cov piv txwv yooj yim, ces cov lus sib npaug tuaj rau hauv kev ua si. Cov neeg laus tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov nyiaj tau yooj yim, ntsuas qhov ntev thiab qhov loj me, suav cov peev nyiaj hauv tsev neeg, kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam, lossis acres ntawm tus kheej daim phiaj.
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov duab thiab cov lej muaj feem cuam tshuam, tab sis ntau pawg. Tus lej yog tus lej ntawm tus lej, uas, dhau los, qhia txog nws qhov kev siv ntau yam (lossis tus yam ntxwv) thiab yog sau los ntawm tus lej.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov lej thiab tus lej
Koj puas paub cov lej tshwm sim li cas? Tom qab cov paib zoo li no paub rau peb los ntawm thaum yau yog ib zaj dab neeg tag nrho, saturated nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm antiquity thiab cov tiam sis ntawm antiquity. Yog tias koj taug qab keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus lej, koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab lis kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm ntau haiv neeg uas nyob ua ntej peb.
Peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ub es tsis txhob muaj cov lej tshuav cov cim hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv ncaj thiabsquiggles ntawm cov ntoo ruaj khov, pob txha thiab pob zeb los qhia txog cov khoom noj uas khaws cia, riam phom qub thiab lwm yam. Ib tug thaib yog ib tug unit, ib txhiab notches yog ib txhiab units. Muaj tseeb tiag, peb cov yawg koob tsuas paub qee qhov kev suav - "ib", "ob" thiab "ntau".
Nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb, pundits ib ntus nkag mus rau hauv tsis meej pem, vim hais tias cov keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm cov zauv thiab cov zauv yog heev tsis meej pem. Nws yog qhov tseeb paub tias thawj tus lej sau tau tshwm sim hauv Mesopotamia thiab Ancient Egypt. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv Mesopotamia lawv siv cuneiform sau, thiab hauv Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws - lus hieroglyphs. Cov Mesopotamians siv cov cim ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj av nplaum tshwj xeeb, thaum cov neeg Iyiv siv papyri rau lub hom phiaj no. Nws yog los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv uas cov Greeks thaum ub tau qiv cov lej, rov ua dua lawv tus kheej.
Kev qhia los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws
Tus lej Greek yog dab tsi? Hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub, muaj ob lub tshuab ntawm cov lej thiab cov lej - Attic thiab Ionic. Thaj, qhov no yog vim lub hlwb ua hauj lwm ntawm lej thiab philosophers nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm myths thiab legends thiab sib tw nrog ib leeg nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb lej.
Cov kab ke Attic zoo ib yam li cov lej lej, tab sis tus lej 5 tseem nyob hauv nws. Cov lej Greek, sawv cev los ntawm Attic calculus, yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov cim sib sau thiab zoo ib yam li Mesopotamian. Tus naj npawb 1 tau raug xaiv ua tus khiav ceev, 2 - ob kab, 3 - peb kab, 4 - feem 4 kab. Tus lej 5 tau hais los ntawm thawj tsab ntawv ntawm Greek lo lus "penta", thiab 10- thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lo lus "deka".
Ua ntej lub sijhawm Alexandrian pib hauv tebchaws Greece, Ionic tus lej system tau tshwm sim - Greek lej, uas yog ib qho kev sib tw ntawm cov lej lej thiab cov txheej txheem Babylonian. Cov lej yog cov qauv ntawm dashes thiab cov tsiaj ntawv, tab sis lawv nyuaj heev rau cov tib neeg siv. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau siv los ntawm Archimedes thiab lwm tus neeg nto moo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Union of letters and numbers
Tam sim no, qee zaum, Ionic tus lej siv - nws tsuas yog siv tau los sau cov lej ntawm 1 txog 99.999.999, siv cov tsiaj ntawv Greek thiab paub tias tsab ntawv twg muaj tus lej ntawm cov lej, kaum thiab pua. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov lej no yooj yim nyeem hauv cov lus yooj yim. Nws yog cov Greeks uas tau los ua cov pioneers, los ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev suav no tau txais los ntawm Arabs, Semites thiab Slavs.
Cov tsiaj ntawv Greek thaum ub muaj 24 tsab ntawv, 3 tsab ntawv ntxiv rau lawv, uas tsis tau siv ntau txhiab xyoo. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txais 27 tsab ntawv, uas tau muab faib ua 3 pawg, txhua tus suav nrog 9 tsab ntawv.
thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov lej ntawm 1 txog 9, thaum tus lej 1 tau hais los ntawm thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv "alpha", 2 - los ntawm tsab ntawv thib ob "beta", thiab lwm yam mus txog rau tus lej 9, denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv "theta".
Pab pawg thib ob suav nrog cov lej Greek ntawm 10 txog 90, thiab thib peb - los ntawm 100 txog 900. Tus lej ntawm 1000 thiab ntau ntxiv tau qhia raws li hauv qab no: thawj tus tau sau tsab ntawv sib raug los ntawm thawj pab pawg(ib qho chaw), tom qab ntawd muab ib qho comma thiab sau ntawv los ntawm pawg thawj thiab thib ob. Tus lej loj tshaj plaws - 10.000 - tau raug hu ua nyias thiab txhais los ntawm tsab ntawv "M". Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, tsab ntawv tau hloov pauv tsuas yog ib lub cim xwb.
Tam sim no, cov tsiaj ntawv Greek tsuas muaj nees nkaum tsab ntawv xwb. Koj puas xav siv, cia ib leeg hais cov lej Greek? Kev hais lus tseem ceeb heev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj xav tau yam tsawg kawg me ntsis kev paub txog cov tsiaj ntawv. Kab lus no yuav pab koj txheeb xyuas nws. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, peb tau ua ob lub rooj uas tsis tsuas yog cov tsiaj ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov lej Greek, lawv txhais ua lus Lavxias thiab cov ntawv sau (hais lus).
Qhia cov tsiaj ntawv Greek
| ntawv loj thiab me | lub npe Greek hauv Latin tsiaj ntawv | Kev txhais lus | tsab ntawv Greek txhais ua lus Lavxias |
| Α, α | Alpha | ['ælfə] | alpha |
| Β, β | Beta | ['bi:tə] | beta |
| Γ, γ | Gamma | ['gæmə] | gamma |
| Δ, δ | Delta | ['deltə] | delta |
| Ε, ε | Epsilon | ['epsə˽lɔn] | epsilon |
| Ζ, ζ | Zeta | ['zeitə] | zeta |
| Η, η | Eta | ['eitə] | this |
| Θ, θ | Theta | ['theitə] | theta |
| Ι, ι | Iota | [ai'outə] | iota |
| Κ, κ | Kappa | ['kæpə] | kappa |
| Μ, Μ | Mus | [mju:] | mu |
| Ν, ν | Nu | [nju: | nude |
| Ξ, ξ | Xi | [ksi: | xi |
| Ο, ο | Omicron | ['ɔmə˽krɔn] | omicron |
| Π, p | Pi | [pai] | pi |
| Ρ, ρ | Rho | [rou] | po |
| Σ, ς | Sigma | ['sigmə] | sigma |
| Τ, τ | Tau | tɔ: | tau |
| Υ, υ | Upsilon | ['ju:psə˽lɔn] | upsilon |
| Φ, φ | Phi | [fi: | fi |
| Χ, χ | Chi | [kai] | hee |
| Ψ, ψ | Psi | [psi: | psi |
| Ω, ω | Omega | ['oumegə] | omega |
Greek suav rau nees nkaum
| Ntaus | Sau ua Greek | hais lus hauv Russian |
| 1 | ένας | na |
| 2 | ένας | zio |
| 3 | tuag | tria |
| 4 | τεσσερα | tessera |
| 5 | pεντε | pande |
| 6 | εξτ | exi |
| 7 | εφτα | efta |
| 8 | οχτω | octo |
| 9 | εννια | ennya |
| 10 | δεκα | deka |
| 11 | εντεκα | enzeka |
| 12 | δωδεκα | dodeca |
| 13 | δεκατρεις | dekatrice |
| 14 | δεκατεσσερις | decateserres |
| 15 | δεκαπεντε | decapende |
| 16 | δεκαξτ | dekaexi |
| 17 | δεκαεφτα | dekaefta |
| 18 | δεκαοχτω | dekaohto |
| 19 | δεκαεννια | dekaennya |
| 20 | εικοστ | ikoosi |
Note to Word users
Koj xav qhia dab tsi rau cov neeg siv Microsoft Office uas xav sim txhais cov lej Greek rau Lo Lus? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum nruab Lo Lus nws tus kheej, thiab tom qab ntawd MS Office Proofing Tools SP1. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv tag nrho ntawm MS Office Word.
Koj kuj yuav tsum teeb tsa Greek keyboard layout. Yuav ua li cas? Txav mus rau tus cursor nas mus rau qhov taw qhia keyboard nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub monitor thiab right-click rau nws. Tom ntej no, hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov uas tshwm, xaiv cov khoom hauv qab no: "Settings" "Language" "Keyboard layout" "Greek" "Greek Polytonic". Yog tias koj paub cov qauv lus Askiv zoo txaus, ces siv cov keyboard Greek yuav tsis nyuaj.
