Kev sib tsoo. neutron hnub qub. Qhov dub

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev sib tsoo. neutron hnub qub. Qhov dub
Kev sib tsoo. neutron hnub qub. Qhov dub
Anonim

Ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw, vim tias cov hnub qub tshiab tshwm sim, cov qub ploj mus thiab cov qhov dub. Ib qho ntawm qhov zoo kawg thiab tsis meej tshwm sim yog lub gravitational collapse uas xaus cov evolution ntawm cov hnub qub.

Lub hnub qub evolution yog lub voj voog ntawm kev hloov pauv uas lub hnub qub dhau mus thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob (ntau lab lossis ntau txhiab xyoo). Thaum cov hydrogen nyob rau hauv nws xaus thiab hloov mus rau hauv helium, ib tug helium core yog tsim, thiab qhov chaw nws tus kheej pib tig mus rau hauv ib tug liab giant - lub hnub qub ntawm lig spectral chav kawm ntawv, uas muaj ib tug siab luminosity. Lawv loj tuaj yeem yog 70 npaug ntawm lub hnub. Cov supergiants ci heev yog hu ua hypergiants. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ci ntsa iab, lawv txawv ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub neej.

gravitational poob lawm
gravitational poob lawm

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawg

Qhov tshwm sim no suav hais tias yog qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hnub qub uas nws qhov hnyav ntau dua peb lub hnub ci (qhov hnyav ntawm lub hnub). Tus nqi no yog siv hauv astronomy thiab physics los txiav txim qhov hnyav ntawm lwm qhov chaw lub cev. Kev sib tsoo tshwm sim thaum lub zog gravitational ua rau lub cev loj cosmic nrog cov loj loj kom tawg sai heev.

hnub qub hnyav tshaj peb lub hnub ci muajCov khoom siv txaus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermonuclear mus ntev. Thaum cov khoom tiav lawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermonuclear kuj nres, thiab cov hnub qub yuav tsum tsis muaj zog. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias lawv pib ntsws mus rau qhov chaw ntawm supersonic ceev.

Neutron hnub qub

Thaum hnub qub cog lus, nws ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov sab hauv. Yog hais tias nws loj hlob muaj zog txaus los nres lub gravitational contraction, ces lub hnub qub neutron tshwm.

Lub cev cosmic no muaj cov qauv yooj yim. Lub hnub qub muaj ib lub hauv paus, uas yog npog los ntawm lub crust, thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsim los ntawm electrons thiab atomic nuclei. Kwv yees li 1 km tuab, nws yog qhov nyias nyias piv rau lwm lub cev pom hauv qhov chaw.

neutron hnub qub
neutron hnub qub

Qhov hnyav ntawm cov hnub qub neutron yog sib npaug rau qhov hnyav ntawm Lub Hnub. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog tias lawv lub vojvoog me me - tsis pub tshaj 20 km. Hauv lawv, atomic nuclei cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, yog li tsim cov teeb meem nuclear. Nws yog lub siab los ntawm nws sab uas tsis tso cai rau lub hnub qub neutron kom txo qis ntxiv. Hom hnub qub no muaj kev sib hloov ceev heev. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau pua lub kiv puag ncig hauv ib thib ob. Cov txheej txheem yug me nyuam pib los ntawm kev tawg supernova, uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub gravitational vau ntawm lub hnub qub.

Supernovae

Ib lub supernova tawg yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab. Tom qab ntawd lub hnub qub pib maj mam thiab maj mam ploj mus. Yog li xaus rau theem kawg ntawm lub gravitationalvaum. Tag nrho cov cataclysm yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau lub zog.

lub qhov dub loj
lub qhov dub loj

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim no tsuas yog tom qab qhov tseeb. Lub teeb ncav cuag peb lub ntiaj teb ntev tom qab qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem los txiav txim qhov xwm txheej ntawm supernovae.

Neutron lub hnub qub txias

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev cog lus gravitational uas tsim lub hnub qub neutron, nws qhov kub thiab txias (ntau dua li qhov kub ntawm lub hnub). Lub hnub qub txias vim neutrino txias.

Tsis pub dhau ob peb feeb, lawv qhov kub tuaj yeem poob 100 zaug. Ntau pua xyoo tom ntej - 10 zaug ntxiv. Tom qab lub luminosity ntawm lub hnub qub poob qis, cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov cua txias qeeb qeeb heev.

gravitational contraction
gravitational contraction

Openheimer-Volkov txwv

Ntawm ib sab, qhov ntsuas no qhia txog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub qub neutron, uas lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tau them los ntawm cov pa roj neutron. Qhov no tiv thaiv lub gravitational vau los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov dub. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub npe hu ua Oppenheimer-Volkov txwv kuj yog qhov txwv qis ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub qhov dub uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm stellar evolution.

Vim muaj ntau qhov tsis raug, nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog kwv yees li ntawm 2.5 txog 3 hnub ci. Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau lees tias lub hnub qub neutron hnyav tshaj plawsyog J0348+0432. Nws qhov hnyav yog ntau tshaj li ob lub hnub ci. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub qhov dub tshaj plaws yog 5-10 hnub ci. Astrophysicists hais tias cov ntaub ntawv no yog kev sim thiab kev txhawj xeeb tsuas yog tam sim no paub cov hnub qub neutron thiab qhov dub thiab qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hav zoov loj dua.

qhov dub

Lub qhov dub yog ib qho tshwm sim zoo kawg nkaus uas tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov chaw. Nws yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw-lub sij hawm uas lub gravitational rub tsis pub tej yam khoom khiav tawm ntawm nws. Txawm tias lub cev uas tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb (xws li quanta ntawm lub teeb nws tus kheej) tsis muaj peev xwm tawm hauv nws. Txog xyoo 1967, lub qhov dub tau hu ua "cov hnub qub khov", "collapsers" thiab "cov hnub qub tawg."

Lub qhov dub muaj qhov ntxeev. Nws hu ua lub qhov dawb. Raws li koj paub, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tawm ntawm lub qhov dub. Raws li cov dawb, lawv nkag tsis tau.

gravitational tawg ntawm lub hnub qub
gravitational tawg ntawm lub hnub qub

Ntxiv rau qhov kev sib tsoo, kev sib tsoo hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub galaxy lossis lub qhov muag protogalactic tuaj yeem yog vim li cas rau kev tsim lub qhov dub. Tseem muaj ib txoj kev xav hais tias qhov dub tshwm sim los ntawm Big Bang, zoo li peb ntiaj chaw. Cov kws tshawb fawb hu lawv thawj.

Muaj ib lub qhov dub hauv peb lub Galaxy, uas, raws li astrophysicists, tau tsim vim lub gravitational vau ntawm supermassive khoom. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias cov qhov no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm ntau lub galaxies.

gravitational tawg ntawm supermassivekhoom
gravitational tawg ntawm supermassivekhoom

Astronomers hauv Tebchaws Meskas hais tias qhov loj ntawm qhov dub loj yuav raug kwv yees tsis zoo. Lawv cov kev xav yog raws li qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom lub hnub qub mus txog qhov ceev uas lawv txav mus los ntawm lub M87 galaxy, nyob 50 lab lub teeb xyoo ntawm peb ntiaj chaw, qhov loj ntawm lub qhov dub nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub M87 galaxy yuav tsum yog. tsawg kawg yog 6.5 billion hnub ci pawg. Tam sim no, nws tau lees paub tias qhov hnyav ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws yog 3 billion hnub ci, uas yog, ntau dua li ib nrab.

Black qhov synthesis

Muaj ib txoj kev xav tias cov khoom no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam nuclear. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau muab lawv lub npe quantum dub khoom plig. Lawv txoj kab uas hla yam tsawg kawg nkaus yog 10 -18 m, thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog 10 -5 g.

gravitational contraction
gravitational contraction

Lub Loj Hadron Collider tau tsim los ua kom lub qhov dub me me. Nws tau xav tias nrog nws cov kev pab nws yuav ua tau tsis tau tsuas yog rau synthesize ib tug dub qhov, tab sis kuj mus simulate lub Big Bang, uas yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm ntau qhov chaw, nrog rau lub ntiaj teb ntiaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sim ua tsis tiav vim tsis muaj lub zog txaus los tsim qhov dub.

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