Rau ntau, kev kawm chemistry yog kev tsim txom tiag tiag. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj tsawg kawg yog me ntsis kev nkag siab ntawm cov ncauj lus no, ces koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sim lom zem thiab txaus siab rau nws. Yog lawm, thiab cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsis mob siab rau lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Rau qhov no, hu ua pharaoh nab yog zoo meej.
Tsis muaj leej twg paub tseeb tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe "Pharaoh's nab", tab sis lawv hnub nws mus rau cov xwm txheej hauv phau Vajlugkub. Txhawm rau ua kom tus vaj ntxwv zoo siab, tus yaj saub Mauxes, raws li tus Tswv cov lus qhia, tau muab nws cov tub txib pov rau hauv av, thiab nws tig mus ua nab. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes ntawm ib tug xaiv, cov tsiaj reptiles dua los ua ib tug neeg ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm qhov kev sim no tau txais thiab cov xwm txheej hauv phau Vajlugkub.
Los ntawm qhov koj tuaj yeem tau "pharaoh nab"
Cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws kom tau txais nab yog mercury thiocyanate. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim nrog nws tsuas yog ua tau nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw kuaj tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov tshuaj yog tshuaj lom thiabmuaj ib tug tsis kaj siab tsw. Ib tug "pharaoh's nab" nyob rau hauv tsev tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj uas muag hauv txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj yam tsis muaj tshuaj, lossis cov chiv chiv los ntawm lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse. Rau qhov kev sim, calcium gluconate, urotropin, dej qab zib, hmoov qab zib, s altpeter thiab ntau yam khoom siv uas tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw muag tshuaj lossis khw muag khoom.
"Nab" los ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj sulfonamides
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ua qhov kev sim "Pharaoh's Serpent" hauv tsev los ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm sulfanilamide pawg. Cov no yog xws li "Streptocide", "Biseptol", "Sulfadimezin", "Sulfadimetoksin" thiab lwm yam. Yuav luag txhua tus muaj cov tshuaj no hauv tsev. "Pharaoh's nab" los ntawm sulfonamides tau txais cov xim grey ci ntsa iab, hauv cov qauv lawv zoo li cov pob kws pob kws. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo khaws "lub taub hau" ntawm tus nab nrog lub clamp lossis tweezers, koj tuaj yeem rub tawm cov tsiaj reptile ntev ntev los ntawm ib ntsiav tshuaj.
Yuav ua li cas los ua ib qho kev sim tshuaj "Pharaoh's Serpent", koj yuav xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis roj qhuav thiab cov tshuaj saum toj no. Ob peb ntsiav tshuaj tau muab tso rau ntawm cawv qhuav, uas tau muab tso rau ntawm hluav taws. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj xws li nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide thiab dej vapor raug tso tawm. Cov qauv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li hauv qab no:
C11H12N4O2S+7O2=28C+2H2S↑+2SO2↑+8N2↑+18H 2O
Qhov kev sim no yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua tib zoo, vim tias sulfur dioxide yog tshuaj lom heev, ib yam li hydrogen sulfide. Yog li ntawd, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua cua sov hauv chav thaum lub sijhawm sim lossis tig lub hood, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov no ntawm txoj kev lossis hauv chav kuaj tshwj xeeb.
"Nab" los ntawm calcium gluconate
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev sim nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb, txawm tias siv sab nraud ntawm chav kuaj tshwj xeeb. "Pharaoh's nab" los ntawm calcium gluconate tau yooj yim heev.
Qhov no yuav tsum tau 2-3 ntsiav tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj thiab ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm cov roj qhuav. Raws li cov nplaim taws, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib, thiab grey "snake" nkag los ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Xws li kev sim nrog calcium gluconate muaj kev nyab xeeb heev, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum ua lawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog raws li nram no:
C12H22CaO14+O2=10C+2CO 2↑+CaO+11H2O
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nrog kev tso dej, carbon dioxide, carbon thiab calcium oxide. Nws yog qhov tso tawm cov roj uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob. "Pharaoh nab" tau ntev txog 15 centimeters, tab sis lawv yog luv luv. Thaum koj sim khaws lawv, lawv poob sib nrug.
"Npauj Npaim" - yuav ua li cas ua chiv?
Yog tias koj muaj vaj nyob hauv koj lub tiaj nraum qaum tsevzaj duab xis los yog tsev, ces muaj ntau yam chiv. Feem ntau, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv pantry ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, yog s altpeter lossis ammonium nitrate. Rau kev sim, koj yuav xav tau sifted dej xuab zeb, ib nrab ib teaspoon ntawm ntsev, ib nrab ib teaspoon ntawm hmoov qab zib, ib diav ntawm ethyl cawv.
Yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev nyuaj siab hauv roob xuab zeb. Qhov loj ntawm txoj kab uas hla, qhov tuab ntawm "nab" yuav yog. Ib qho av zoo sib xyaw ntawm s altpeter thiab qab zib yog nchuav rau hauv qhov chaw so thiab nchuav nrog ethyl cawv. Ces tus dej cawv muab hlawv, maj mam ua ib tug "nab".
Cov lus teb hauv qhov no yog cov hauv qab no:
2NH4NO3 + C12H22 O11=11C + 2N2 + CO2 + 15H 2O.
Kev tso tawm cov tshuaj lom thaum lub sijhawm sim ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb.
Ntawm Pharaoh nab
"Pharaoh's nab" tsis yog los ntawm cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj chiv xwb. Rau kev paub, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom xws li qab zib thiab dej qab zib. Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem pom hauv txhua chav ua noj. Lub toj nrog ib qho chaw so yog tsim los ntawm dej xuab zeb thiab soaked nrog cawv. Cov hmoov qab zib thiab ci dej qab zib yog sib xyaw hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 4: 1 thiab nchuav rau hauv qhov chaw so. Cawv raug tua.
Cov sib tov pib tig dub thiab maj mam o. Thaum cov cawv yuav luag tas mus li, ob peb writhing "cov tsiaj reptiles" nkag los ntawm cov xuab zeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:
2NaHCO3=Na2CO3 +H2O + CO2, C2H5OH + 3O2=2CO2 + 3H2O
Sib tov decomposes rau hauv sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide thiab dej vapor. Nws yog cov pa roj uas ua rau cov hmoov tshauv swell thiab loj hlob, uas tsis kub hnyiab tawm thaum qhov tshwm sim.
Lwm "cov tsiaj reptile" los ntawm cov tshuaj
Muaj ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim kom tau "pharaoh's nab" los ntawm tshuaj. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov tshuaj "Urotropin" ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Hloov cov ntsiav tshuaj, roj qhuav uas muaj cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem siv tau. Koj tseem yuav xav tau kev daws ntawm ammonium nitrate. Cov tshuaj "Urotropin" yuav tsum tau impregnated nrog nws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv tam sim ntawd tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov khoom pib, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv ob peb tee thiab qhuav. Hauv qhov no, ziab yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm chav tsev kub.
Tom qab ntawd, cov ntsiav tshuaj tau teem rau hluav taws. Qhov tshwm sim yog tsis ntau npaum li "nag" li "daj". Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj saib nws, nws yog tib yam "Pharaoh's Serpent" kev paub. Tab sis vim yog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav dua tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj cov duab peb sab.
"Snake" los ntawm mercury thiocyanate
Thawj qhov kev sim tshuaj "Pharaoh's Serpent" tau txais los ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv kho mob xyoo 1820. Friedrich Wöhler sib tov cov tshuaj mercury nitrate thiab ammonium thiocyanate thiab tau txais cov dawb crystalline precipitate. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau qhuav cov dej nag uas tshwm sim ntawm mercury thiocyanate thiab muab tso rau hauv hluav taws rau qhov xav paub. Los ntawm cov khoom kub kub pib nkag mus rau dub thiab dajserpentine loj.
"Pharaoh nab" los ntawm mercury thiocyanate tau yooj yim. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau ignited ntawm ib tug tshav kub-resistant nto. Yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim:
2Hg(NCS)2=2HgS + C3N4 + CS 2
CS2 + 3O2=CO2 + 2SO 2
Raws li kev ua haujlwm thermal, mercury thiocyanate decomposes rau hauv mercury sulfide (muab "cov tsiaj reptile" xim dub), carbon nitride (lub luag haujlwm rau cov xim daj ntawm tus nab) thiab carbon disulphide (carbon disulfide). Cov tom kawg ignites thiab decomposes rau hauv gases - carbon dioxide thiab sulfur oxide, uas swell carbon nitride. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, ntes mercury sulfide, thiab dub thiab daj "pharaohs nab" tau.
Qhov kev sim no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tom tsev! Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tso tawm cov pa phem, mercury vapor raug tso tawm. Mercury muaj tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg hnyav.
Kev sim kev nyab xeeb
Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua "Pharaohs nab" raug suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev sim yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov qauv saum toj no, thaum lub sij hawm decomposition, cov tshuaj lom neeg raug tso tawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev. Txhua qhov kev sim tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv tsev tsuas yog nyob rau hauv chav cua cua lossis nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob siab. Kev sim nrog mercury thiocyanate tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua hauv chav kuaj tshwj xeeb,ua raws txhua txoj cai kev nyab xeeb.
Hauv kev xaus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias los ntawm kev sim tshuaj "Pharaohs nab" hauv chav kawm, tus kws qhia tuaj yeem txaus siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv nws qhov kev kawm. Zaj lus qhia no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg uas tsis to taub thiab tsis nyiam chemistry. Thiab cov neeg uas nyiam xyaum ua dhau qhov kev suav theoretical tho txawv yuav muaj kev txhawb zog ntxiv rau kev kawm science.
