Nws nyuaj rau xav txog lub nroog niaj hnub tsis muaj asph alt zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, txoj kev zoo yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua neej nyob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub nroog. Txhua txhua hnub, ntau pua txhiab tus ob txhais ceg thiab ntau lub tsheb log taug kev thiab tsav tsheb raws txoj kev boulevards, venues, txoj kev, driveways, tsis pom dab tsi nyob rau hauv lawv. Thiab asph alt, los ntawm txoj kev, yog ib qho ntawm txoj kev nrov tshaj plaws.
Yog li ntawd, nws yuav ncaj ncees kom nkag siab tias asph alt yog dab tsi. Nws zoo li cas thiab nyob li cas?
Dab tsi yog asph alt
Asph alt yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntau yam bitumen thiab pob zeb hauv av. Lawv qhov piv yuav txawv nyob ntawm cov qauv siv hauv kev tsim ib hom kev sib tov.
Nws yog qhov feem ntau pom tias asph alt siv li cas hauv kev tsim kho, tab sis nws muaj lwm yam kev siv thiab. Piv txwv li, nws muaj nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm varnishes, adhesives thiab putties.
Type of asph alt
Raws li hom keeb kwm, asph alt yog ntuj thiabartificial.
Natural asph alt yog tsim los ntawm hydrocarbons. Nws muaj qib siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus bitumen. Lawv feem ntau yog tsawg kawg yog 60%. Lawv kawm paub rho tawm thiab siv cov khoom no hauv kev lag luam thaum ub.
Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv no yog Peach Lake ntawm cov kob ntawm Trinidad. Nws muaj tag nrho cov kua asph alt ntshiab.
"cov npoj yaig" ntawm Peach Lake yog Hiav Txwv Tuag. Cov txheej ntawm asph alt tsis tu ncua tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau sau tseg rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua. Cov ntaub ntawv zaum kawg ntawm kev nce ib qho asph alt hnyav txog ib tuj rau saum npoo dej hiav txwv hnub rov qab mus rau rau caum xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Nws ntseeg tau tias xws li asph alt, muab rho tawm los ntawm Hiav Txwv Tuag, muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab xim industries.
Artificial asph alt yog tsim nyob rau hauv factories. Nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pob zeb crushed, xuab zeb, ntxhia hmoov thiab bitumen. Muaj ntau ntau yam khoom siv asph alt: kua, cam khwb cia, qhuav, xuab zeb, mos, roj hmab thiab lwm yam. Hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm no, peb yuav tham ntxiv txog kev qhuav thiab kua asph alt.
kua asph alt - yog dab tsi?
Nov yog cov nplaum nplaum dub uas muaj ntau lub zog ntawm lub cev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ua cov roj crude, thaum tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo sib cais los ntawm nws. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev tsim cov roj av. Liquid asph alt yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawvnyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov asph alt mix. Nws tseem hu ua bitumen.
Raws li bitumen, cov chaw tsim khoom kuj tsim qee hom kua asph alt, ntxiv ntau yam tshuaj rau nws. Hauv particular, xim asph alt. Nws tau pom dav daim ntawv thov hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim, nws ntseeg tau tias xws li asph alt tso cai rau koj los tsim yuav luag txhua qhov kev ntxhib los mos thiab xim ntawm qhov chaw. Yog tias siv stencil thaum pouring, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm paving slabs, ces txheej zaum kawg kuj yuav tau ib tug yam ntxwv nyem. Cov kua asph alt tau nce hnav tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum ua cov haujlwm tiv thaiv tsim nyog nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem "hloov" cov txheej txheem yam tsis tau hloov tag nrho.
Cov neeg tsim khoom thov tias txawm tias tus neeg tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem nchuav asph alt, ua raws cov lus qhia yooj yim.
Dry asph alt yog dab tsi?
Qub asph alt feem ntau hu ua txias. Qhov no yog vim tias asph alt qhuav yog qhov sib tov uas tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm qhov qis qis, txawm tias qhov tsis zoo, qhov kub thiab txias sab nraum zoov. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov khoom nws tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob txias tshaj +10 ° C. Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias yog ib qho zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Qhuav asph alt muaj cov muab tub lim, bitumen thiab ntau yam additives uas muab nws ib co zog.
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov txheej txheem no (kwv yees li 4 npaug kim dua li kub) thiab nws "amorphous". Ntawd yog, txawm tias tom qab dov, tom qab qee lub sijhawm nws tuaj yeem deformed,Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom siv nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov khoom thauj ntawm txoj kev sib npaug: ntawm kev taug kev, txoj kev loj, thaum patching qhov. Tab sis nyob ze cov neeg taug kev hla kev lossis chaw nres tsheb pej xeem, nws yuav siv tsis tau sai, vim tias cov tsheb hauv cov chaw no nres lossis tuaj tos ceev dua.
paving process
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm asph alt qhuav yog tias nws muag hauv hnab lossis cov thoob yas npaj siv. Nws tuaj yeem tso tau txawm tias huab cua ntub, thiab qhov no yuav tsum muaj yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev.
Feem ntau, qhuav-hom asph alt paving suav nrog rau qib:
- Kev tshem tawm cov txheej hnav.
- Kev ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm plua plav thiab khib nyiab.
- Cua sov qhov kawg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau thaj chaw) ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa.
- Kev faib tawm ntawm ib txheej ntawm cov nplaum nplaum rau saum npoo.
- Txhim khoom, theem saum npoo.
- Compact nrog vibrating phaj.
