Dab tsi yog kua qaub lossis ntsev, feem ntau paub zoo. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav tau ib tug neeg uas tsis tau tuav ib lub raj mis ntawm vinegar nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes los yog tsis tau siv cov khoom noj khoom haus nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, uas yuav luag txhua yam zaub mov zoo li bland thiab tasteless. Tab sis dab tsi yog alkali? Puas yog tib yam li hauv paus lossis tsis? Nws txawv ntawm acid li cas? Cov lus nug zoo li no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau leej twg, thiab yog li ntawd cia peb hloov kho qhov kev paub uas tau txais ib zaug hauv tsev kawm.
Alkaline - yog dab tsi?
Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hlau nrog dej hauv chemistry feem ntau hu ua hydroxides. Ib yam khoom ntawm hom no, tsim los ntawm ammonium, alkali lossis alkaline ntiaj teb hlau, hu ua alkali. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub hauv paus yog ib tug electrolyte, nyob rau hauv uas, ntxiv rau hydroxide ions (OH-), tsis muaj lwm yam anions. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias alkali yog ib qho soluble puag. Daim ntawvxws li hydroxide tuaj yeem tsuas yog hlau ntawm pawg Ia thiab IIa (cov uas tuaj tom qab calcium). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov tebchaw no yog sodium alkali (formula NaOH), caustic baryate (Ba(OH)2), potassium hydroxide (KOH), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), thiab lwm yam. Lawv yog cov khoom dawb dawb, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm hygroscopicity siab.
Txoj kev ntawm alkalis
Kev tawg ntawm cov tebchaw no hauv dej yog nrog los ntawm kev tso cua sov tseem ceeb. Hauv pab pawg Ia, cov alkali muaj zog tshaj plaws yog cesium hydroxide, thiab hauv pawg IIa, radium hydroxide. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm hom no yog ammonia thiab slaked txiv qaub. Caustic alkalis tuaj yeem yaj hauv ethanol thiab methanol. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov khoom, tag nrho cov tshuaj no nqus dej thiab carbon dioxide los ntawm huab cua thiab maj mam tig mus rau hauv carbonates. Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm alkali yog vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov kua qaub, ntsev yog tsim - qhov no feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam. Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm cov tebchaw no thiab yog li feem ntau siv los ua electrolytes. Alkalis yog tau los ntawm electrolysis ntawm chlorides los yog los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm alkali hlau oxides nrog dej. Hauv kev lag luam, thawj txoj kev feem ntau yog siv, thiab qhov thib ob yog siv rau feem ntau rau kev tsim cov txiv qaub slaked. Roj yaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig alkaline, thiab cov cuab yeej no yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov xab npum. Ntau lub hauv paus tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau tawv nqaij thiab rhuav tshem cov khaub ncaws. Alkalis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qee cov hlau (piv txwv li,nrog aluminium) thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv hlau los ntawm corrosion. Lawv tiv taus cua sov - sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem yaj thiab coj mus rau boil, tab sis nws yuav tsis decompose.
Nyob rau hauv no, alkalis txawv heev ntawm insoluble bases, ib co ntawm cov (piv txwv li, silver hydroxide) decompose twb nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Ib yam li cov kua qaub, cov tshuaj no xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo thiab tsim kom muaj kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo txog kev nyab xeeb. Cov tsom iav feem ntau yog hnav los tiv thaiv qhov muag thaum ua haujlwm nrog lye. Nws raug tso cai khaws cia rau hauv cov nkoj tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb - cov thawv haus dej tsis haum rau qhov no.
