Ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv cov lus Lavxias los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm grammatical yog qhov kev koom tes. Tshwj xeeb, qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws kom nkag siab yog qhov kev sau ntawm "n" thiab "nn" hauv cov neeg koom. Ua ntej, cia peb saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev hais lus no.
"kev sib raug zoo" yog dab tsi?
Cov koom nrog muaj qee yam ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog xaiv cov cim qhia ntawm kev ua, uas yog, teb cov lus nug "dab tsi?", "dab tsi?", "dab tsi?", "dab tsi?". Los ntawm cov lus qhia, qhov kev koom tes muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm grammatical hauv daim ntawv:
- Perfect - dormant (ua dab tsi? - doze off), imperfect - dhia tawm (ua dab tsi? - dhia tawm). Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias nws yog qhov zoo uas txiav txim siab qhov kev sau ntawm "n" thiab "nn" hauv kev koom nrog ntau dua - peb them tshwj xeeb rau qhov tshwj xeeb no;
- Present (singing, piav) thiab yav dhau los tense (singing, piav);
- Kev rov qab los thiab tsis rov qab.
Los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov koom nrog tseem tshuav:
- Gen, tooj, case;
- Short and long form.
Ntxiv rau, cov neeg koom nrog, zoo li cov lus qhia, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm (uas piav qhia txog kev ua ntawm ib tus neeg, piv txwv li) thiab tsis muaj zog (uas qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim uas tus neeg raug rau ib tus neeg lossis ib yam dab tsi).
Cia peb saib ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ua ntej peb saib qhov kev sau ntawm "n" thiab "nn" hauv kev koom tes.
"kev hais lus zoo" yog dab tsi?
Ntau zaus, cov neeg koom nrog tsis meej pem nrog cov lus hais, thiab yog li ntawv yuam kev. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, thaum txhais ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, nco ntsoov tias cov npe no:
- Raws li txoj cai, lawv raug tsim los ntawm daim ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov lus qhia, thiab cov koom nrog, feem, los ntawm qhov zoo meej. Piv txwv li, sib piv: burnt (kub - yuav ua li cas?) Thiab tso tseg (tawm - yuav ua li cas?). Xav txog ntau qhov kev zam, uas, txawm hais tias daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia, yog cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li: xav tau, npaj txhij txog, npaj txhij txog, tsis pom, ua tiav, dawb ceev thiab lwm yam (ntau ntxiv ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, suav nrog kev zam cuam tshuam txog kev siv qhov tseeb ntawm "n" thiab "nn" hauv adjectives thiab participles, yuav tau tham hauv qab no).
- Tsis txhob muaj prefixes (tshwj tsis yog cov prefix "tsis yog"), thaum cov neeg koom tuaj yeem nrog ua ntej. Piv txwv li, kib thiab siav dhau lawm.
- Tsis zoo li cov koom nrog, cov lus hais lussiv tsis tau cov lus nyob. Piv txwv li, tshuaj ntsuab qhuav thiab tshuaj ntsuab qhuav qhuav.
Raws li tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm cov khoom siv saum toj no, kev sau ntawm cov ntawv n tsis siv rau cov npe uas tau hais ua lus. Cov koom nrog "n" thiab "nn" muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb, thiab, raws li, ua raws cov cai sib txawv grammatical.
Thaum twg yuav tsum siv "n" hauv kev koom nrog?
Kev sau ntawm "n" thiab "nn" hauv cov neeg koom yog tswj hwm los ntawm qee cov cai. Yog li, pib, cia peb sau ib tsab ntawv "n".
Peb sau nws hauv kev koom nrog thaum:
Kev Sib Koom Tes Ua Si luv luv. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv grammatical kev tsim kho nrog: infinitive - npaj los teb rau ntawm lub blackboard; nrog ib qho ntxiv - Kuv paub tseeb ntawm cov lus teb
Qhov kev koom tes yog tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia yam tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus: khov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Exceptions: prefix "not" (tsis yog-frozen zaub)
Thaum twg yuav tsum siv ob "n" hauv kev koom nrog?
Tej zaum koj twb tau xam pom los ntawm tam sim no tias txoj kev xav tom qab "n" thiab "nn" hauv cov neeg koom tsis yog txhua qhov nyuaj thaum koj nkag siab meej. Tam sim no cia peb mus rau qhov kev sau ntawm ob tsab ntawv "n". Lawv yuav tsum tau sau yog tias peb ntsib ib qho kev koom nrog yav dhau los, qhia tag nrho, thiab:
- Drived los ntawm verbs nrog ib tug prefix. Piv txwv li, txuas (txuas, "nrog" -prefix), tsis tiav, kho. Kev zam: cov lus hais lus uas tau poob lawv txoj kev sib txuas nrog cov neeg koom nrog, uas yog cov kab lus tsim tau zoo, piv txwv li: tsuas yog tus goner tuaj yeem ua phem heev.
- Having lus: tawg (los ntawm leej twg?) Vitya tsheb tuam, mowed (thaum twg?) nyom nag hmo.
- Tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia ua tsis tau zoo tshaj plaws: torn off (torn off), tua (execute). Kev zam: ntse, npe.
- Peb kuj sau "nn" thaum qhov kev koom tes yog tsim los ntawm cov lus "o", "e", "iro" ("va"): (khoom, milled, glazed, thiab lwm yam). Kev zam: nrog ib "n": chewed; c "nn": xav tau, npaj txhij txog thiab lwm yam.
Peb tau ua tiav nrog cov cai sau "n" thiab "nn" hauv kev koom nrog, tam sim no cia peb mus rau lo lus hais.
Thaum twg yuav tsum siv "n" hauv cov lus qhia?
Tsis txhob maj yog tias koj tsis nkag siab thawj ntu txog lub cim nco txog. Tsiv mus rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov lus hais lus tsuas yog thaum koj paub tseeb tias koj tau paub cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los zoo, txij li kev siv "n" thiab "nn" hauv kev koom tes thiab kev hais lus yuav tsum muaj kev xav thiab nkag siab.
Yog li, peb sau ib tsab ntawv hauv:
- adjectives formed from verbs with a prefix and have a short form: lub tsho hnav (poj tsho hnav), ris tsho hnavjeans);
- adjectives (non-prefixed keeb kwm) tsim los ntawm imperfective verbs - frantic pace (enrage), boiled qaib (ua noj);
- adjectives that don't have dependent words: painted laj laj (tab sis, pleev xim rau laj kab los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm - participle), tsheb thauj khoom (tab sis, tsheb thauj khoom nrog lub thawv).
Nco ntsoov tias kev sau ntawv ntawm kev koom tes thiab kev hais lus yog tswj tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm grammatical, tab sis kuj los ntawm semantic yam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus xws li: ci da dej thiab ci mis nyuj.
Hauv thawj kis, peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog kev koom nrog, txij li da dej tau "dhuav", piv txwv li, muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog cov lus qhia, hauv qhov thib ob, "melted" qhia qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom., i.e. lo lus yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov adjective. Tom qab xws li kev soj ntsuam semantic, cov lus nug ntawm kev xaiv "n" thiab "nn" hauv adjectives thiab cov neeg koom tau yooj yim daws tau.
Thaum twg yuav tsum tau siv ob "n's" hauv kev hais lus?
Qhov kev sau ntawv no yog ib txwm siv rau cov lus luv luv thiab txhais tau tias peb saib tib tus lej ntawm "n" raws li peb pom hauv daim ntawv tag nrho. Piv txwv li, tus pog uas tsis nco qab yog tus pog uas tsis muaj siab ntseeg.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias peb tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov lus luv luv nrog cov lus qhia, thaum cov koom nrog luv luv tuaj yeem: cov menyuam yaus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis nco qab (peb tsis tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov lus qhia), nplooj tawg los ntawm cua (cua. tawg tawg paj).
Nyob hauv kab lus no, peb tau tshuaj xyuas ntau yam ntawm kev sau ntawm "n" thiab "nn" hauv kev koom tes thiab kev hais lus. Peb vam tias tsab xov xwm no muaj txiaj ntsig thiab koj yuav tsis ua yuam kev grammatical lawm.
