Cov pob txha yog cov ntaub so ntswg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev. Nws ua haujlwm ntau yam. Cov pob txha hauv histology yog hu ua ib hom kab mob sib txuas, uas suav nrog cov pob txha mos. Cov hlwb ntawm cov pob txha sib txuas, suav nrog cov pob txha, tsim los ntawm mesenchyme.
Cov ntaub so ntswg pob txha
Cov ntaub so ntswg pob txha ua haujlwm ntau yam:
- Cov pob txha yog pob txha ntawm tag nrho lub cev. Lub cev pob txha tso cai rau tus neeg, suav nrog tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg, kom muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv qhov chaw.
- Ua tsaug rau lub cev pob txha peb txav tau. Cov leeg yog txuas mus rau cov pob txha, uas nyob rau hauv lem daim ntawv levers ntawm txav uas tso cai rau koj ua tej yam.
- Lub chaw khaws khoom ntawm ntau cov zaub mov nyob hauv cov pob txha. Cov pob txha koom nrog hauv cov metabolism ntawm phosphate thiab calcium.
- Hematopoiesis tshwm sim hauv cov pob txha, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov pob txha liab.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg hauv histology txhais tau tias ua ke nrog cov haujlwm ntawm txhua tusCov ntaub so ntswg pob txha, tab sis cov ntaub so ntswg no muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb.
Qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pob txha thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg yog nws cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov zaub mov, uas yog 70%. Qhov no piav qhia lub zog ntawm cov pob txha, vim hais tias cov khoom intercellular ntawm cov pob txha txuas cov ntaub so ntswg yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj khov lub xeev.
pob txha pob txha. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pob txha
Cov pob txha yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no yuav cia koj nkag siab txog nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic hauv cov ntaub so ntswg yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 20%. Dej muaj los ntawm 6% mus rau 20%, cov zaub mov, raws li tau hais los saum no, feem ntau ntawm tag nrho - txog 70%. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob txha pob txha yog calcium phosphate thiab hydroxyapatites. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntsev ntxhia.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg piav qhia lub zog, elasticity ntawm cov pob txha, lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus hnyav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus ntxhia ntau dhau ua rau cov pob txha tawv heev.
Cov tshuaj intercellular yog tsim los ntawm 95% hom I collagen. Organic teeb meem accumulates ntawm cov protein fibers. Phosphoproteins pab txhawb cov calcium ions nyob rau hauv cov pob txha. Proteoglycans txhawb kev khi ntawm collagen rau cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom sib txuas, tsim cov uas, dhau los, yog pab los ntawm alkaline phosphatase thiab osteonectin, uas txhawb kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm inorganic crystals.
Cell Cheebtsam
pob txha pob txha hauvHistology muab faib ua peb hom: osteoblasts, osteocytes thiab osteoclasts. Cellular Cheebtsam cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, tsim ib qho system.
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts yog cubic, oval-puab hlwb nrog ib qho eccentrically nyob nucleus. Qhov loj ntawm cov hlwb no yog kwv yees li 15-20 microns. Organelles tau tsim tau zoo, granular EPS thiab Golgi complex tau nthuav tawm, uas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom lag luam xa tawm. Hauv histology, ntawm kev npaj cov pob txha, cov cytoplasm ntawm cov hlwb stains basophilically.
Osteoblasts yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pob txha kab teeb hauv cov pob txha tawm, qhov chaw uas lawv nyob hauv cov pob txha laus hauv cov khoom spongy. Nyob rau hauv cov pob txha tsim, osteoblasts tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv periosteum, nyob rau hauv lub endosteum npog lub medullary kwj dej, nyob rau hauv lub perivascular qhov chaw ntawm osteons.
Osteoblasts koom nrog hauv osteogenesis. Vim lub active synthesis thiab export ntawm cov proteins, ib tug pob txha matrix yog tsim. Ua tsaug rau alkaline phosphatase, uas yog active nyob rau hauv lub cell, muaj ib tug tsub zuj zuj ntawm minerals. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias osteoblasts yog qhov ua ntej ntawm osteocytes. Osteoblasts secrete matrix vesicles, cov ntsiab lus uas ua rau tsim cov muaju los ntawm cov zaub mov hauv cov pob txha matrix.
Osteoblasts tau muab faib ua haujlwm thiab so. Cov neeg nquag koom nrog osteogenesis thiab tsim cov khoom siv matrix. So osteoblasts nrog ib qho endosteal membrane tiv thaiv pob txha los ntawm osteoclasts. So osteoblasts tuaj yeem qhib tau thaumkho pob txha.
Osteocytes
Osteocytes yog cov paub tab, cov hlwb sib txawv ntawm cov pob txha, nyob ib zaug hauv qhov khoob, tseem hu ua pob txha kab noj hniav. Oval-shaped cells nrog ntau txheej txheem. Qhov loj ntawm osteocytes yog kwv yees li 30 microns nyob rau hauv ntev thiab mus txog 12 nyob rau hauv dav. Lub hauv paus yog elongated, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Chromatin yog condensed thiab tsim loj clumps. Organelles tsim tsis zoo, uas yuav piav qhia txog cov khoom siv hluavtaws tsawg ntawm osteocytes. Cells txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm tes ntawm nexuses, tsim syncytium. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem, muaj kev sib pauv khoom ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts, tsis zoo li osteoblasts thiab osteocytes, pib los ntawm cov qe ntshav. Osteocytes yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau lub promonocytes, yog li qee tus kws sau ntawv tsis xav txog lawv cov hlwb thiab muab faib ua cov symplasts.
Los ntawm cov qauv, osteoclasts loj, me ntsis elongated hlwb. Cell loj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 60 mus rau 100 µm. Lub cytoplasm tuaj yeem stained ob qho tib si oxyphilically thiab basophilically, txhua yam nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov hlwb.
Muaj ntau thaj chaw hauv ib lub xov tooj:
- Basal, muaj lub ntsiab organelles thiab nuclei.
- Ruffled ciam teb ntawm microvilli nkag mus rau pob txha.
- Vesicular tsam muaj cov pob txha-degrading enzymes.
- Lub teeb xim ua raws thaj chaw los txhawb kev kho ntawm tes.
- Zoneresorption
Osteoclasts rhuav tshem cov pob txha, koom nrog kev kho pob txha. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pob txha tshuaj, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, resorption, yog ib tug tseem ceeb theem ntawm restructuring, ua raws li los ntawm kev tsim ib yam khoom tshiab nrog kev pab los ntawm osteoblasts. Localization ntawm osteoclasts coincides nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm osteoblasts, nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov pob txha kab teeb, nyob rau hauv lub endosteum thiab periosteum.
Periosteum
Lub periosteum yog tsim los ntawm osteoblasts, osteoclasts, thiab osteogenic hlwb uas koom nrog hauv pob txha loj hlob thiab kho. Lub periosteum yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov ceg uas qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov pob txha, nkag mus rau hauv nws cov khoom.
Nyob rau hauv histology, kev faib cov pob txha pob txha tsis yog qhov dav heev. Fabrics muab faib ua coarse fiber thiab lamellar.
Cov pob txha pob txha pob txha
Cov pob txha pob txha pob txha feem ntau tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam ua ntej yug. Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus, nws tseem nyob rau hauv lub sutures ntawm lub pob txha taub hau, nyob rau hauv cov hniav alveoli, nyob rau hauv lub puab pob ntseg, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas cov leeg yog txuas rau cov pob txha. Coarse-fibrous pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv histology yog txiav txim los ntawm predecessor ntawm lamellar.
Cov ntaub so ntswg muaj chaotically txheej tuab bundles ntawm collagen fibers, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug matrix muaj xws li inorganic tshuaj. Hauv cov tshuaj intercellular kuj tseem muaj cov hlab ntsha, uas yog qhov tsim tsis zoo. Osteocytes nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj intercellular nyob rau hauv lub systems ntawm lacunae thiab kwj dej.
Lamellar pob txha daim ntaub
Tag nrho cov pob txha ntawm tus neeg laus lub cev, tshwj tsis yog qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm cranial sutures, muaj cov pob txha lamellarcov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas.
Tsis zoo li cov pob txha pob txha pob txha, tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lamellar cov ntaub so ntswg yog tsim thiab tsim cov pob txha daim hlau. Collagen fibers hauv ib phaj muaj ib qho kev taw qhia.
Muaj ob hom ntawm lamellar pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg hauv histology - spongy thiab compact.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom spongy, cov phiaj sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv trabeculae, cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Arcuate daim hlau nyob rau hauv parallel rau ib leeg, tsim cov pob txha avascular kab teeb. Cov phiaj yog taw qhia raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm trabeculae lawv tus kheej.
Trabeculae txuas rau ib leeg ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv, tsim cov qauv peb sab. Cov pob txha pob txha nyob hauv qhov khoob ntawm cov pob txha nqaj, uas ua rau cov khoom no ntxeem tau, piav qhia lub npe ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov hlwb muaj cov pob txha liab thiab cov hlab ntsha uas pub cov pob txha.
Spongy khoom nyob rau hauv sab hauv ntawm cov pob txha tiaj tus thiab spongy, nyob rau hauv lub epiphyses thiab puab txheej ntawm tubular diaphysis.
pob txha loj
Lub histology ntawm lamellar cov pob txha yuav tsum tau kawm kom zoo, vim hais tias nws yog hom pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg uas yog complex tshaj thiab muaj ntau yam sib txawv.
Cov pob txha hauv cov khoom sib xyaw yog teem rau hauv ib lub voj voog, lawv muab tso rau hauv ib leeg, ua ib pawg tuab, qhov uas tsis muaj qhov khoob. Cov txheej txheem chav tsev yog osteon, tsimpob txha daim hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb hom.
- Ob daim hlau. Lawv nyob ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub periosteum, encircling tag nrho cov pob txha. Hauv cov pob txha spongy thiab tiaj tus, cov khoom sib txuas tsuas tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm cov phiaj xwm.
- Osteon daim hlau. Hom phaj no tsim osteons, concentric daim hlau nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Osteon yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom cog ntawm cov diaphyses hauv cov pob txha tubular.
- Inset daim hlau, uas yog cov seem ntawm daim hlau lwj.
- Internal general lamellae ncig lub kwj dej medullary nrog cov pob txha daj.
Cov khoom sib txuas yog nyob rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm cov pob txha tiaj tus thiab spongy, nyob rau hauv cov diaphysis thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm epiphysis ntawm cov pob txha tubular.
Cov pob txha yog them nrog periosteum, uas muaj cov cell cambial, ua tsaug rau cov pob txha loj hlob hauv tuab. Lub periosteum kuj muaj osteoblasts thiab osteoclasts.
Nyob hauv qab lub periosteum yog ib txheej ntawm cov hlau sab nraud.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov pob txha tubular yog lub medullary kab noj hniav, them nrog endosteum. Endost yog npog nrog cov phaj dav dav, qhwv nws hauv ib lub nplhaib. Trabeculae ntawm spongy tshuaj yuav nyob rau hauv lub medullary kab noj hniav, yog li nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw cov hlau yuav ua tau tsawg pronounced.
Ntawm cov txheej txheej sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm cov phiaj xwm dav dav yog osteon txheej ntawm cov pob txha. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua osteon yog Haversian kwj dej nrog cov hlab ntsha. Haversian channels sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg los ntawm transverse Volkmann channels. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm daim hlau thiab lub nkoj yog hu ua perivascular, lub nkoj tau npog nrog cov ntaub so ntswg xoob, thiab qhov chaw perivascular muaj cov hlwb zoo ib yam li cov periosteum. Cov channel yog surrounded los ntawm txheej ntawm osteon daim hlau. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov osteons yog sib cais los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm ib tug resorption kab, uas yog feem ntau hu ua cleavage. Tsis tas li ntawm cov osteons yog cov phaj sib txuas, uas yog cov khoom seem ntawm cov osteons.
pob txha pob txha nrog osteocytes nyob rau hauv lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov osteon daim hlau. Cov txheej txheem ntawm osteocytes tsim tubules, los ntawm cov as-ham raug thauj mus rau cov pob txha perpendicular mus rau daim hlau.
Collagen fibers ua rau nws pom cov pob txha thiab kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom, vim cov cheeb tsam uas muaj collagen yog xim av.
Nyob rau hauv histology ntawm kev npaj, lamellar pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg yog stained raws li Schmorl.
Osteogenesis
Osteogenesis yog ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj. Kev loj hlob ncaj qha yog nqa tawm los ntawm mesenchyme, los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Indirect - los ntawm cov pob txha mos. Nyob rau hauv histology, ncaj qha osteogenesis ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg yog xam ua ntej indirect, vim hais tias nws yog ib tug yooj yim thiab ntau ancient mechanism.
YDirect Osteogenesis
Cov pob txha ntawm pob txha taub hau, cov pob txha me ntawm tes thiab lwm cov pob txha tiaj tus tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Hauv kev tsim cov pob txha hauv txoj kev no, plaub theem tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv
- Tsim cov pob txha primordium. Hauv thawj lub hlis, stromal qia hlwb nkag mus rau mesenchyme los ntawm somites. Muaj ntau cov cell, enrichment ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nrog cov hlab ntsha. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev loj hlob, cov hlwb tsim pawg txog li 50 daim. Cells secretes proteins, sib npaug thiab loj hlob. Hauv qia stromal hlwb, cov txheej txheem sib txawv pib, lawv tig mus rau hauv osteogenic progenitor hlwb.
- Osteoid theem. Nyob rau hauv osteogenic hlwb, protein synthesis thiab glycogen tsub zuj zuj tshwm sim, lub organelles ua loj, lawv ua hauj lwm nquag. Osteogenic hlwb synthesize collagen thiab lwm yam proteins, xws li pob txha morphogenetic protein. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov hlwb pib sib faib tsawg dua thiab sib txawv rau hauv osteoblasts. Osteoblasts koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj intercellular, pluag hauv cov zaub mov thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov organic teeb meem, osteoid. Nws yog nyob rau theem no uas osteocytes thiab osteoclasts tshwm.
- Osteoid mineralization. Osteoblasts kuj koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem no. Alkaline phosphatase pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lawv, cov kev ua ntawm uas pab mus rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm minerals. Matrix vesicles uas muaj cov protein osteocalcin thiab calcium phosphate tshwm nyob rau hauv cytoplasm. Minerals adheres rau collagen vim osteocalcin. Trabeculae nce thiab, txuas nrog ib leeg, tsim ib lub network uas mesenchyme thiab cov hlab ntsha tseem nyob. Cov ntaub so ntswg uas tshwm sim yog hu ua thawj cov ntaub so ntswg membranous. Cov pob txha pob txha yog coarse-fibred, tsim thawj cov pob txha pob txha. Nyob rau theem no, lub periosteum yog tsim los ntawm mesenchyme. Cells tshwm nyob ze ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm periosteum, uas tom qab ntawd yuav koom nrog hauv kev loj hlob thiab rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov pob txha.
- Kev tsim cov pob txha daim hlau. Nyob rau theem no, muajhloov cov pob txha thawj membranous nrog lamellar. Osteons pib sau qhov khoob ntawm trabeculae. Osteoclasts nkag mus rau cov pob txha los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas tsim kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv nws. Nws yog osteoclasts uas tsim cov kab noj hniav rau cov pob txha pob txha, cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha.
Indirect Osteogenesis
Indirect osteogenesis tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm tubular thiab spongy pob txha. Yuav kom nkag siab txog txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm osteogenesis, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob txha mos thiab cov pob txha sib txuas.
Txhua tus txheej txheem tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb kauj ruam:
- Kev tsim ntawm pob txha mos qauv. Hauv diaphysis, chondrocytes ua tsis txaus hauv cov as-ham thiab ua blistered. Qhov tso tawm matrix vesicles ua rau calcification ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cartilaginous. Nyob rau hauv histology, pob txha mos thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg yog interconnected. Lawv pib hloov ib leeg. Lub perichondrium ua lub periosteum. Chondrogenic hlwb dhau los ua osteogenic, uas dhau los ua osteoblasts.
- Kev tsim cov pob txha thawj zaug. Rough fibrous connective ntaub so ntswg tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cartilaginous qauv. Lub nplhaib pob txha perichondral, lub pob txha caj dab, kuj tsim, qhov twg osteoblasts tsim trabeculae txoj cai ntawm qhov chaw ntawm diaphysis. Vim qhov pom ntawm pob txha cuff, pob txha noj mov ua tsis tau, thiab chondrocytes pib tuag. Pob txha mos thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv histology yog heev interconnected. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm chondrocytes, osteoclasts tsim raws los ntawm cov pob txha periphery mus rau qhov tob ntawm diaphysis, nrog rau cov osteoblasts, osteogenic hlwb, thiab cov hlab ntsha txav. Endochondral ossification pib, thaum kawg tig mus rau hauv epiphyseal.
- Kev tsim cov ntaub. Primary coarse fibrous cov ntaub so ntswg maj mam hloov mus ua lamellar.
Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha
pob txha loj hlob hauv tib neeg mus txog 20 xyoo. Cov pob txha loj hlob nyob rau hauv dav vim lub periosteum, nyob rau hauv ntev vim lub metaepiphyseal loj hlob phaj. Hauv cov phaj metaepiphyseal, ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov pob txha mos, thaj tsam ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, thaj tsam ntawm cov pob txha mos thiab thaj tsam ntawm cov pob txha mos..
Ntau yam cuam tshuam rau pob txha loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Cov no tuaj yeem yog yam ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv, ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, tsis muaj lossis ntau dhau ntawm qee yam tshuaj.
Kev loj hlob yog nrog los ntawm resorption ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg qub thiab nws hloov los ntawm ib tug hluas tshiab. Thaum menyuam yaus, cov pob txha loj hlob heev.
pob txha loj hlob yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau cov tshuaj hormones. Piv txwv li, somatotropin txhawb cov pob txha loj hlob, tab sis nrog nws ntau dhau, acromegaly tuaj yeem tshwm sim, nrog rau qhov tsis txaus - dwarfism. Insulin yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kom zoo ntawm osteogenic thiab qia stromal hlwb. Kev sib deev cov tshuaj hormones kuj cuam tshuam rau pob txha loj hlob. Lawv cov ntsiab lus nce thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov tuaj yeem ua rau cov pob txha luv vim yog thaum ntxov ossification ntawm metaepiphyseal phaj. Lawv cov ntsiab lus txo nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus tuaj yeem ua rau osteoporosis, nce pob txha fragility. Cov thyroid hormone calcitonin ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm osteoblasts, parathyrin nce tus naj npawb ntawm osteoclasts. Thyroxine cuam tshuam rau cov chaw ntawm ossification, cov tshuaj hormones ntawm cov qog adrenal - cov txheej txheem rov tsim dua tshiab.
pob txha loj hlob muajcuam tshuam qee cov vitamins. Vitamin C txhawb nqa collagen synthesis. Nrog hypovitaminosis, kev poob qis hauv cov pob txha rov tsim dua tshiab tuaj yeem pom, histology hauv cov txheej txheem zoo li no tuaj yeem pab tshawb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob. Vitamin A accelerates osteogenesis, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj, vim hais tias nrog hypervitaminosis muaj ib tug nqaim ntawm cov pob txha kab noj hniav. Vitamin D pab lub cev nqus calcium, nrog beriberi, cov pob txha khoov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pob txha pob txha tsim hauv histology yog nrog rau lub sij hawm osteomalacia, thiab cov tsos mob no kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm rickets hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Reshaping pob txha
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho, cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas coarse fibers yog hloov nrog cov ntaub so ntswg lamellar, cov khoom siv pob txha rov ua dua tshiab, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntxhia tau tswj hwm. Qhov nruab nrab, 8% ntawm cov pob txha cov khoom yog rov ua dua ib xyoos, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg rov ua dua 5 zaug ntau dua li lamellar ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv histology ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, tshwj xeeb yog them rau mechanisms ntawm pob txha remodeling.
Restructuring muaj xws li resorption, cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab osteogenesis. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, resorption yuav predominate. Qhov no piav qhia txog osteoporosis hauv cov neeg laus.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab muaj plaub theem: ua kom, resorption, thim rov qab thiab tsim.
Regeneration ntawm pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv histology yog xam raws li ib yam ntawm cov pob txha remodeling. Cov txheej txheem no tseem ceeb heev, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, paub txog cov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem rov tsim dua tshiab, peb tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov pob txha pob txha.
Kev paub txog histology, tib neeg cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg pab tau rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg zoo tib yam. Kev nkag siab txog qee cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem pab tau txawm tias nyob hauv txhua hnub, piv txwv li, hauv kev kho mob pob txha, hauv kev tiv thaiv kev raug mob. Cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha pob txha hauv histology tau kawm zoo. Tab sis tseem, cov pob txha pob txha tseem nyob deb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tag nrho.
