Muaj peb pawg ntawm cov npe hauv Lavxias: zoo, txheeb ze thiab muaj. Ntawm cov no, tsuas yog ib pab pawg tuaj yeem xaiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho khoom sib txawv thiab muab piv nrog lwm yam khoom. Tam sim no peb yuav sim kom paub seb qhov kev tsim cov qib ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv Lavxias yog dab tsi, thiab peb yuav txheeb xyuas seb yuav tsim lawv li cas kom raug thiab ua li cas.
Yuav ua li cas qib ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adjective muaj nyob?
Hauv peb cov lus Lavxias, muaj ob feem ntau lees txais kev sib piv:
- comparative degree;
- superlatives.
Dhau li ntawm, ob qho tib si tau muab faib ua ob daim ntawv ntxiv: yooj yim (dab tsi yog hu ua - hluavtaws) thiab sib xyaw (kev tshuaj ntsuam). Qee tus kuj tseem tawm ntawm qhov zoo, uas yog, ib txwm tsis hloov pauv daim ntawv ntawm cov npe: zoo nkauj, txias, me me, thiab lwm yam. Kev kawm zoo yog ib qho uas tsis hloov pauv txhua txoj hauv kev thiab tsis muab piv rau txhua yam.
Sib pivdegree ntawm adjective
Qhov kev sib piv hauv Lavxias yog siv los qhia qee yam kev sib piv thiab tsim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev sib txawv: zoo nkauj dua (tsis txhob hnov qab: kev ntxhov siab ntawm Thiab, kev ntxhov siab ntawm E yuav suav tias yog tsis raug), zoo nkauj dua, txias dua, txias dua.
Cia peb saib txhua txoj hauv kev tsim cov qib sib piv ntawm cov npe hauv kev sib piv qib kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Kev sib piv thawj lub zog
Lub zog sib piv yooj yim tsim li cas? Muaj ob txoj hauv kev:
- Ntxiv rau adjective suffixes -ee, -ee, -e, -she: zoo dua, siab dua, zoo nkauj, nicer, tastier.
- Kev tsim cov lus qhia hauv qhov kev kawm yooj yim kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav siv lub npe ua ntej (prefix) ua ntej thiab cov lus tom qab -she: zoo dua, tastier, phem dua. Qhov no feem ntau siv thiab tso cai hauv kev hais lus.
Qee lub sij hawm muaj ntau lo lus yuav muaj alternating consonants, thaum kawg consonant ntawm lub hauv paus hloov mus rau lwm tsab ntawv: huv - huv, qab zib - sweeter.
Kev tsim cov npe siv cov kev sib piv yooj yim ua rau cov lus tsis sib xws, thiab feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus qhia hauv kab lus.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov lus qhia zoo yuav hloov pauv hauv qib, tsis yog txhua tus cwj pwm zoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim. Cov no yog adjectives nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim (liab liab, xiav), qee cov lus qub (sab laug, decrepit) lossis cov lus uas yogtsim los ntawm kev hloov ib tug txheeb ze adjective los yog verb mus rau ib tug qualitative ib tug siv cov suffixes -sk, -ov, -n, -l (tanned, human).
Sib piv cov degree
Composite comparative degree yog tsim tau yooj yim dua thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev xwb. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav kev tsim cov npe siv cov kev sib piv, koj yuav tsum siv cov lus pab "ntau" lossis "tsawg" thiab muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lo lus nws tus kheej: nicer, ntau xim, dav, tsawg saturated, tsawg ntsuab.
Superlative adjective
Qhov kev kawm no muaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam khoom tsis muaj tsiaj lossis cov khoom animate tshaj li lwm tus. Nws feem ntau txhais tau tias "zoo tshaj" lossis "qhov phem tshaj" - cov lus no, los ntawm txoj kev, kuj yog cov lus zoo tshaj plaws.
Raws li nrog kev sib piv, qhov superlative muaj ob hom: yooj yim thiab sib xyaw. Wb sim disassemble ob leeg kom zoo.
Superior yooj yim degree
Daim ntawv yooj yim superlative yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv.
- Nrog kev pab ntxiv -aysh, -eysh rau lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus: zoo nkauj tshaj, txawj ntse, siab tshaj.
- Ntxiv cov lus ua ntej -nai thiab suffixes -sh, -eysh, -oysh: qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ntse tshaj, tastiest. Qhov no tsim ib co amplification ntawm superlative.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov lus xaus-aysh hloov suab xws li g, x thiab k rau tsab ntawv j: nruj - nruj tshaj plaws, nyob zoo - tus dearest.
Superlative compound degree
Ntawm no muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim kev sib piv superlative adjective uas koj yuav tsum paub:
- Ntxiv cov lus "feem ntau" rau thawj daim ntawv ntawm cov npe: qhov zoo tshaj plaws, siab zoo, ntse tshaj. Muaj lwm lo lus uas pab tsim cov degree no: "feem ntau" thiab "tsawg kawg".
- Ntxiv lo lus "txhua tus" rau qhov piv txwv yooj yim: qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov, phem tshaj plaws, ntse tshaj plaws, zoo tshaj plaws, thiab lwm yam.
