Dysgraphia yog qhov ua txhaum cai tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sau ntawv. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Tsis yog txhua tus niam txiv paub txog hom dysgraphia thiab tus kab mob no yog dab tsi. Tias yog vim li cas, ntsib nrog kev ua txhaum cai tshwj xeeb ntawm tsab ntawv, lawv coj nws mus rau qhov ua yuam kev zoo tib yam thiab cem tus menyuam vim tsis paub txog cov cai sau qee cov lus. Nws raug nquahu kom paub koj tus kheej ua ntej nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm dysgraphia, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau kuaj xyuas qhov ua txhaum cai sai li sai tau thiab tshem tawm nws.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog dysgraphia thiab qhov ua rau tus kab mob
Dysgraphia yog ib qho kev sau ntawv tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Cov hom dysgraphia tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus yog cov teeb meem hauv kev txawj sau ntawv. Xws li ib tug kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse. Ntau tus niam txiv tsis paub tam sim ntawd tias lawv tus menyuam muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lawv feem ntau yuam kev rau qib tsis txaus.kev paub.
Kev ua txhaum cai (txhua yam ntawm dysgraphia) tsis tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej. Tej zaum nws yuav nrog rau lwm yam kab mob. Cov no suav nrog dyslexia, kev txhim kho tsis zoo ntawm kev hais lus lossis kev puas hlwb. Ib tug me nyuam nrog dysgraphia ua yuam kev tib yam. Lawv yog vim qhov ua tsis tiav tsim kev puas siab puas ntsws uas koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem sau ntawv. Cov hom dysgraphia uas tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus ua rau lawv muaj ntau yam teeb meem, vim lawv tsis txawj sau lus. Nws tsis yooj yim qhia tus menyuam uas muaj qhov teeb meem no nyeem.
Qhov laj thawj ntawm tus kabmob yog qhov nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab. Ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub paj hlwb hemispheres. Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias hom dysgraphia thiab dyslexia tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ib tug genetic predisposition. Qhov kev tsis sib haum no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus uas nyob hauv tsev neeg ob hom lus.
Cov kab mob hauv qab no tau paub:
- Low IQ. Nws paub tias txhawm rau kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv, tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nrog kev nkag siab ntawm qhov ncauj thiab nco ntsoov cov ntawv sau.
- Nyuaj nrog sequencing. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab txog qhov kev npaj ntawm cov ntawv hauv lo lus. Nws sau qeeb thiab raug, lossis nws sau nrawm tab sis ua yuam kev ntau.
- Tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom pom qhov pomcov ntaub ntawv. Hauv qhov no, nws nyuaj rau tus menyuam nyeem ntawv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov nws pom sai sai.
Feem ntau, hom dysgraphia (neuropsychology hais txog qhov no) tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus uas niam txiv pib qhia kev nyeem ntawv, tsis saib xyuas lawv lub hlwb tsis npaj. Qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab mob hlwb. Tus kab mob no kuj yog congenital. Feem ntau, cov laj thawj suav nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis raug ntawm kev hais lus ntawm lwm tus.
Ntau hom dysgraphia yuam kev kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov neeg laus. Qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab raug mob lub hlwb, mob stroke, thiab qee qhov kev phais.
Dyslexia. Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Feem ntau, ntxiv rau dysgraphia, tus menyuam loj hlob dyslexia. Tus kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub peev xwm los paub kev nyeem ntawv thiab kev sau ntawv thaum tuav lub peev xwm kawm. Nws muaj keeb kwm neurological.
Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom cov niam txiv sim lawv tus menyuam rau dyslexia ua ntej nkag mus kawm. Cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob no suav nrog kev nyeem qeeb nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv. Qhov yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob hais lus yog pom zoo rau txhua tus menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6.
Dyslexia, zoo li dysgraphia, tshwm sim vim kev loj hlob tsis sib xws ntawm lub paj hlwb hemispheres. Cais, cov kev ua txhaum cai no tsis tsim. Muaj cov nram qab no hom dyslexia:
- phonemic;
- semantic;
- agrammatical;
- kho qhov muag;
- mnestic.
Tus neeg uas muaj dyslexia tsis yooj yim rau kev paub. Raws li txoj cai, nws yuav muaj kev xav txog kev nyeem ntawv, nyuaj rau kev rov hais dua, ntau yam yuam kev hauv kev luam, ua kom zoo nkauj saj thiab txob taus. Cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia tuav cov cuab yeej sau ntawv hauv txoj kev txawv txawv. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho tsos mob, nws raug nquahu kom hu rau tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau.
Pab cov menyuam yaus ua rau dysgraphia
Cov hom dysgraphia tau teev nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm nrog cov piv txwv yuav tso cai rau cov niam txiv tuaj yeem tshawb pom qhov ua txhaum cai hauv lawv tus menyuam sai li sai tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov me nyuam twg muaj feem yuav kis tus kab mob ntau tshaj plaws.
Nws paub tias dysgraphia feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus uas sau nrog lawv sab laug. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob retrain tus laug-hander. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj sab laug tes, tab sis lawv sau nrog lawv txoj cai vim lawv niam lawv txiv xav tau, feem ntau ntsib dysgraphia. Lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo.
Cov menyuam yaus los ntawm tsev neeg ob hom lus kuj yuav ntsib teeb meem. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau lawv hloov thiab ua tib zoo kawm tsawg kawg yog ib hom lus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no yuav nce ntxiv yog tias tus me nyuam muaj lwm yam teeb meem hais lus.
Nws muaj feem ntau tias tus menyuam uas muaj kev hnov lus tsis zoo yuav tsim dysgraphia. Yog vim li ntawd cov me nyuam no muaj kev pheej hmoo. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tsis meej pem cov ntawv. Piv txwv li, lawv sau "com" tsis yog "tsev". Lawv kuj tuaj yeem hais lus tsis raug thiabsau lawv nrog yuam kev.
Dysgraphia tsos mob
Hom dysgraphia hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog piv txwv tsis paub rau txhua tus niam txiv. Cov kws kho mob me nyuam yaus tsis tshua tham txog tus kab mob no. Tias yog vim li cas cov niam txiv tsis muaj kev paub feem ntau tsis paub txog qhov muaj qhov ua txhaum cai no. Nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia tias kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm txhua tus kab mob tso cai rau koj los daws nws sai li sai tau.
Dysgraphia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua yuam kev thiab rov tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem sau ntawv. Lawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis paub txog cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv. Qhov yuam kev yog qhov txawv txav los yog hloov cov ntawv. Muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm tsab ntawv-syllabic qauv ntawm lo lus.
Ib yam tsos mob yog sau ntawv tsis tau. Hauv qhov no, cov tsiaj ntawv muaj qhov siab thiab qhov siab sib txawv. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob saum toj lossis hauv qab kab.
Qee yam ntawm dysgraphia thiab qhov ua yuam kev tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev hais lus. Nws muaj qhov yuam kev ib yam li hauv tsab ntawv. Muaj ntau zaus hloov cov ntawv nrog cov suab zoo sib xws. Sij hawm dhau mus, hauv kev hais lus sib tham, kev faib cov lus rau hauv cov lus, thiab kab lus rau hauv cov lus tuaj yeem pom.
Cov tsos mob ntawm dysgraphia kuj suav nrog pom cov ntawv tshiab hauv cov lus lossis qhov tsis muaj qhov xaus. Cov cim no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj qhov tsis raug rau cov xwm txheej, poj niam txiv neej thiab tus lej. Tej yam tshwm sim tshwm sim thaum hais lus tsis raug.
Cov tsos mob ntawm dysgraphia kuj suav nrog ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv rau cov lus. Ib tug neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no muaj cov kab mob neurological, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj kev mloog zoo. Xws liCov menyuam yaus tsis nco qab cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau txais. Daim iav kev sau cov ntawv kuj tseem raug soj ntsuam.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm ntau hom dysgraphia. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob uas koj tuaj yeem kuaj tau koj tus kheej
Kev txiav txim siab hom dysgraphia yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem paub txog tus kab mob. Thaum kuaj tau sai, nws yuav yooj yim dua kom tshem tau nws.
Predisposition rau dysgraphia yog tsim nyob rau hauv preschoolers 3-5 xyoo. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim thaum kuaj mob, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev nkag mus rau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv dav dav. Koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm, latent lossis overt tus kab mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog.
Kev kuaj mob dysgraphia yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev xaiv kev kho mob thiab kho. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yog tias tus me nyuam paub tag nrho cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv, tab sis txawm li cas los xij ua yuam kev. Kev kuaj mob kuj tseem yuav tau ua yog tias tus menyuam kawm ntawv hla cov ntawv thaum sau lossis hloov lawv nrog lwm tus.
Cov kws tshaj lij kuj siv daim npav hais lus rau kev kuaj mob. Ua tsaug rau lawv, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev ntsuam xyuas thiab txiav txim siab hom dysgraphia tam sim no hauv tus neeg mob raws li Lalayeva. Hauv daim npav hais lus, koj yuav tsum qhia tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus menyuam thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Muaj cov cim qhia ntawm dysgraphia los ntawm cov niam txiv tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov ua txhaum ntawm tus menyuam ntawm lawv tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub lawv. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem pib kho tus kab mob sai li sai tau.
Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, thaum twgHauv dysgraphia, tus me nyuam muaj ntau qhov yuam kev. Cov menyuam no tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntawv hauv qab no:
- "b" thiab "P";
- "Z" thiab "E".
Lawv muaj ntawv sau tsis raug. Raws li kev sau ntawv, cov menyuam yaus sau ntawv qeeb qeeb. Feem ntau cov niam txiv tsis paub tias lawv tus menyuam muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lawv cem nws rau qhov tsis saib xyuas thiab tsis paub ntawv. Lawv ntseeg tias cov teeb meem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis kam kawm. Cov kws qhia ntawv muab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tsis zoo, thiab cov phooj ywg thuam. Yog vim li ntawd cov niam txiv thiaj li yuav tsum paub lawv tus kheej nrog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no ua ntej kom paub tias yuav ua li cas yog tias nws tshwm sim.
Nws nyuaj rau tus menyuam tiv tus kabmob. Nws yuav ntxhov siab heev. Cov menyuam yaus no pib thim lawv tus kheej thiab hla cov chav kawm. Kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv tsis ua rau lawv txaus siab.
Ntau yam ntawm dysgraphia
Muaj ntau hom dysgraphia. Muaj tsib yam yooj yim:
- acoustic;
- agrammatical;
- articulatory-acoustic;
- kho qhov muag;
- motor.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm yam kev ua txhaum cai no. Feem ntau, cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab txog hom dysgraphia hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas raws li Lalayeva.
R. I. Lalaeva txheeb xyuas tsib hom kev ua txhaum cai no. Lawv tau ua haujlwm thiab kawm los ntawm lub tuam tsev hais lus kho mob ntawm RSPU Herzen, qhov chaw Raisa Ivanovna ua haujlwm. Tus kws kho mob ntawm pedagogical Sciences txheeb xyuas hom dysgraphia hauv qab no:
- kev-acoustic;
- kev ua txhaum ntawm kev lees paub xov tooj;
- agrammatical;
- kho qhov muag;
- kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lus.
daim ntawv teev npe no yog cov kws tshaj lij siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm nws tus kheej tau kawm thiab tsim hom dysgraphia. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis ua tiav.
Kev piav qhia ntawm hom dysgraphia
Hom dysgraphia raws li Lalaeva yog siv los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau. Peb tsab xov xwm piav qhia txog txhua yam uas tsim los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Hais Lus ntawm Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb.
Nws feem ntau yog articulatory-acoustic dysgraphia uas tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam sau ntawv raws li nws hais. Nws yog raws li kev xav ntawm kev hais lus tsis raug hauv kev sau ntawv. Feem ntau, tus menyuam hla cov ntawv lossis hloov lawv nrog lwm tus. Feem ntau, kev sau ntawv yuam kev tseem nyob tom qab kho cov lus hais.
Nrog articulatory-acoustic dysgraphia, kev sau ntawv tsis yog ib txwm muaj. Qee zaum, tsis muaj cov ntawv thiab lawv hloov pauv tsuas yog pom hauv kev hais lus xwb.
Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau hloov cov suab lag ntseg "P", "T", "Sh" nrog "B", "D", "F" hauv kev hais lus sau. Feem ntau hloov los ntawm hssing thiab whistling. Hauv qhov no, tsis yog "F", "Sh" tus menyuam sau "Z", "S"
Hom dysgraphia nrog piv txwv, uas tau piav qhia hauv peb tsab xov xwm, tso cai rau cov niam txiv thiab cov kws kho mob hais lus xaiv qhov tsim nyog kho qhov ua txhaum cai. Ua rau av kab mobua txhaum ntawm kev soj ntsuam lus thiab kev sib txuas lus - nyuaj rau kev faib kab lus rau hauv cov lus. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj dysgraphia no kuj muaj teeb meem cais cov lus rau hauv cov suab thiab suab. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam hla cov suab, cov lus, thiab tseem muaj kev sau cov lus txuas ntxiv.
Feem ntau kuj tseem muaj acoustic dysgraphia (kev paub txog xov tooj tsis zoo). Hom kev ua txhaum cai no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov cov ntawv nrog cov uas zoo sib xws hauv cov suab nrov ("ntoo" - "hma"). Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov lus hais tseem raug. Feem ntau, cov ntawv hloov, qhia cov suab hauv qab no: ch-t, ch-sh thiab lwm yam.
Lub suab nrov ntawm dysgraphia yog tshwm sim hauv qhov tsis raug ntawm qhov muag ntawm cov lus sau hauv kev sau ntawv ("ntawv", "lubit"). Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, cov suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag nyob deb tuaj yeem sib xyaw. Hom acoustic dysgraphia feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus preschool.
Lwm hom dysgraphia yog agrammatic. Nws yog txuam nrog rau underdevelopment ntawm grammatical qauv ntawm kev hais lus. Hom no manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau theem ntawm ib lo lus, kab lus, kab lus los yog ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv cov lus sau ntawm cov me nyuam, muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm kab lus. Lawv ib ntus tsis yog ib txwm coincide nrog cov kab ke ntawm cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus thiab cov lus ua ntej ("dhau" - "dhau dhau").
Tseem muaj qhov muag pom kev dysgraphia. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem sau ntawv ib leeg. Qhov no yog vim kev nkag siab yuam kev ntawm lawv cov qauv. Txhua tsab ntawvmuaj cov khoom sib cais. Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj qhov muag pom kev dysgraphia tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas thiab sau lawv.
Tseem muaj ntau hom dysgraphia. Dab tsi yog nws koj tuaj yeem pom hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Mixed type dysgraphia yog kuaj tau yog tias tus neeg mob muaj ob peb hom kab mob ib zaug. Kev tshem tawm qhov kev ua txhaum cai no yog qhov nyuaj heev. Koj ua tsis tau yog tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm ib tug kws tshwj xeeb.
Kev kho mob ntawm dysgraphia los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb
Qee zaum, nws yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev thuam tus menyuam vim kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev hais lus. Cov niam txiv raug qhia kom kawm ua ntej seb dysgraphia yog dab tsi. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov kev ua yuam kev tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus siab kawm, tab sis rau kev ua txhaum cai. Yuav kom tshem tau nws, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau kev pab los ntawm tus kws kho mob hais lus.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho dysgraphia siv sijhawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj nws, hmoov tsis, ua tsis tau. Dysgraphia ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho tsis zoo ntawm ib qho ntawm lub hlwb cov qauv. Feem ntau, cov me nyuam raug muab tshuaj. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tshuaj ib leeg yuav tsis kho qhov teeb meem. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yuav tshwm sim hauv chav kawm nrog tus kws kho hais lus.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb txaus los txhawb nqa tus menyuam. Cov niam txiv kuj yuav tsum koom nrog hauv txoj kev kho. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias feem ntau qhov ua txhaum cai raug kuaj pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8-10 xyoo. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas tus menyuam tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov nws hnov thiab sau cia. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav ntau hom kev tawm dag zog kom tshem tawm dysgraphia (qib 5) hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Lawvyuav tsum tau ua ntu zus nrog tus menyuam hauv tsev.
Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj dysgraphia feem ntau txhawj txog lawv qhov teeb meem. Lawv ntshai ua yuam kev. Yog vim li ntawd lawv hla cov chav kawm thiab tsis txhob ua homework. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum ua zoo rau tus menyuam no kom nkag siab thiab tsis txhob cem nws.
Yuav pib kho tus menyuam, tus kws kho mob hais lus yuav tsum kuaj tus kab mob thiab txiav txim siab nws hom. Rau qhov no, raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, daim npav hais lus yog siv los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Nws yuav tsum sau qhov khoob ntawm tus menyuam qhov kev txawj ntse.
Tom qab kev hloov kho, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau txais kev kho mob rov qab. Tus kws kho mob muab tshuaj kho lub cev, zaws, thiab hydrotherapy.
Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj dysgraphia yuav luag ib txwm muaj kev nco zoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ua yuam kev kho qhov ua tsis tau zoo. Tus me nyuam txoj kev txawj ntse yuav tsis txhim kho. Nws tsuas yog kho qhov yuam kev hauv cov ntawv nyeem xwb.
Kev kho mob ntawm dysgraphia yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas yooj yim rau tus menyuam. Hauv chav kawm, nws yuav tsum tau txais kev xav zoo xwb. Tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum tsa koj lub suab rau nws thiab yuam nws rov sau cov ntawv ob peb zaug. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis nyiam thiab tsis kam sau txhua yam.
Tus kws kho hais lus thiab cov niam txiv yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj xeeb txog tus kabmob. Nco ntsoov qhuas koj tus menyuam rau txhua qhov kev vam meej me me.
Kev ua kom kho dysgraphia thiab dyslexia
Viewskev tawm dag zog kom tshem tawm dysgraphia (qib 5) thiab lawv qhov kev siv yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov teeb meem. Nws raug nquahu kom ua haujlwm nrog tus menyuam txhua hnub. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm dysgraphia thiab dyslexia hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev thiab kev tawm dag zog uas tso cai rau koj tshem tawm kev ua txhaum cai hauv kev sau ntawv thiab hais lus. Feem ntau, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tus menyuam sau cov ntawv teeb meem.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm dysgraphia, nws raug nquahu kom ua haujlwm nrog cov duab tshwj xeeb. Tus menyuam tau muab ib daim duab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv ntawm cov lus. Ua ntej, tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau lub npe ntawm cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd sau tag nrho cov suab ua lem.
Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj dysgraphia thiab dyslexia kuj raug txhawb kom ua ib ce, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov yog ntxig cov ntawv uas ploj lawm hauv cov lus. Tom qab ntawd tus menyuam yuav tsum nyeem lo lus nrov nrov. Cov kws tshaj lij kuj pom zoo kom sau cov lus hais kom ntau li ntau tau. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, kev txawj sau ntawv tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo.
Ntau tus kws qhia ntawv tsis paub hom dysgraphia, thiab lawv qhov kev kho hauv chav kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv dav dav, raws li txoj cai, tsis ua. Yog tias tus kws qhia ntawv yws txog tus menyuam qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev nyeem ntawv tsis raug lossis sau cov lus tsis raug, cov niam txiv yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov teebmeem no thiab tiv tauj tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm dysgraphia, cov menyuam yaus raug pom zoo kom cob qhia tes lub cev muaj zog siv labyrinths - tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kos ib kab yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Siv taucontour ce yog xam. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau hla cov ntawv uas tau muab los ntawm cov ntawv loj.
Dysgraphia yog ib yam kab mob uas muaj cov kab mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev sau ntawv. Nws yuav luag ib txwm nrog dyslexia. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob no. Feem ntau, cov niam txiv ua yuam kev tus me nyuam ua yuam kev rau qhov tsis kam kawm. Ua tsaug rau peb tsab xov xwm, koj pom tias muaj pes tsawg hom dysgraphia sawv tawm hauv kev kho kev hais lus niaj hnub thiab lawv tus yam ntxwv li cas. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau txhua tus neeg uas xav paub qhov txawv ntawm kev sau ntawv tsis zoo thiab hais lus thiab tsis paub ntawv.
