Polesie cheeb tsam nyob hauv thaj av Polesie. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog thaj chaw, tab sis kuj yog thaj chaw keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai, qhov chaw uas lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab cais pawg ntawm cov lus tau tsim. Feem ntau ntawm Polissya nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm koom pheej ntawm Belarus thiab Ukraine.
cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg?
Polesye ncab tawm hauv ib txoj hlua ntev, npog plaub lub xeev: Poland, Belarus, Ukraine thiab Russia. Nws tag nrho cheeb tsam yog kwv yees li 270 txhiab square kilometers. Feem ntau ntawm nws thaj chaw khiav raws ob sab ntawm Ukrainian-Belarusian ciam teb.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Belarus, cheeb tsam occupies 30% ntawm thaj chaw, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Ukraine - 19%. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, nws npog ib feem me me ntawm lub xeev Ljubljana ntawm Poland, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, ib feem me me ntawm cheeb tsam Bryansk ntawm Russia.
Polesskaya lowland tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm deflections ntawm tectonic daim hlau. Nws lub tiaj tiaj qee zaus hloov mus rau hauv toj siab, tsis pub tshaj 320 meters. Nyob rau yav qab teb ntawm thaj av qis, thaj av yog qhov tsis sib xws thiab cov pob zeb muaj ntau haiv neeg.
Polesie feem ntau yog hav zoov, swamps thiab meadows, alternating ib leeg. Cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm cov lowland yog heterogeneous thiab zoo li ib tug mosaic canvas, sib cais los ntawm ib tug tuab network ntawm cov dej. Tej yam Polissya toj roob hauv pes yog pom meej nyob rau hauv paintings ntawm Ivan Shishkin.
Muaj tsawg thiab tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj av Polisya. Cov no yog Shatsky Lakes National Park thiab Shatsky Biosphere Reserve, Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Pribuzhskoye Polesie Reserve, Cheremlyansky thiab Drevlyansky Reserves, Polessky thiab Pripyatsky National Parks. Ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob-ecological cia nyob hauv thaj av Gomel ntawm Belarus.
Belarusian Polissya
Ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Belarus, Polesye stretches rau 500 kis lus mev mus rau tus dej Pripyat. Hauv av, nws tob txog li ob puas kilometers. Cov dej Goryn thiab Yaselda tau faib nws mus rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau hauv Belarus, cheeb tsam kuj tau muab faib ua tsib thaj chaw: Zagorodye, Brest, Gomel, Mozyr thiab Pripyat woodlands.
Qhov siab kawg ntawm cov lowlands hauv Belarus tsis pub tshaj 150 meters. Hauv qee qhov chaw, moraine ridges thiab qhov siab txog li ob puas meters protrude. Kev tsim ntawm lub zos nyem tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm glaciers, nrog rau cov dej ntawm tus dej Pripyat. Soddy-podzolic, dej nyab, peat-marshy av pom ntawm no.
Xwm ntawm Belarus hauv cheeb tsam Polesyesawv cev los ntawm mixed coniferous thiab broad-leaved forests, lowland thiab dej meadows. Oak, hornbeam, spruce, ntoo thuv, dub alder, birch loj hlob nyob rau hauv Belarusian Polissya. Noob, nyom, mosses thiab nyom yog muaj nyob rau hauv lowland. Tej yam ntuj tso complexes tau khaws cia rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Pripyat National Park.
Ukrainian Polissya
Ukrainian Olesye yog ib txoj kab dav txog ib puas kilometers ntawm ciam teb nrog Belarus, uas npog thaj tsam ntawm Volyn, Sumy, Chernihiv, Zhytomyr thiab Kyiv cheeb tsam. Raws li nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus dej Dnieper, nws tau muab faib ua sab xis-bank thiab sab laug-bank.
Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Belarusian woodland lub nyem yog tiaj, ces nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine nws yog dissected ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv sab hnub poob. Muaj Polissya npog sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog crystalline, uas tuaj rau saum npoo nrog quartz, granite thiab gneiss formations. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub Slovechansko-Ovruch ridge, stretching rau 60 kilometers nyob rau hauv ntev.
Tus dej network ntawm Ukrainian hav zoov yog tsim los ntawm cov dej ntws Irpen, Desna, Sluch, Teterev, Seim, stir. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cov tributaries ntawm Dnieper thiab Pripyat. Kev nyab xeeb hauv cheeb tsam yog temperate continental. Txog li 700 hli dej nag poob txhua xyoo, uas pub cov dej ntws.
Pab neeg ntawm cheeb tsam
Cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Polissya yog ib pawg neeg ntawm Poleschuks. Lo lus tsis tshua muaj siv los ua tus kheej lub npe thiab yog coined los xa mus rau cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Los ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, lawv yog Eastern Slavs, ze tshaj nyob rau hauv gene pool rauUkrainians thiab Belarusians.
Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no, kuj muaj ib lub zej zog ntawm Western Poleshchuks, uas muaj lawv tus kheej kev lig kev cai, tab sis tau sib faib heev thiab tsis tau tsim ib pab pawg neeg. Piv txwv li, kev tsim ntawm Poleshchuks tau cuam tshuam los ntawm pawg neeg ntawm Drevlyans, Dulebs, Yotvingians, Dains, Dregovichs, thiab lwm yam.
Ntawm cov Poleshchuks, muaj cais pawg me:
- bogs - cov neeg nyob ze cov av ntub dej;
- cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv cov zos hauv thaj chaw qhuav ntau lossis tsawg;
- neeg hav zoov - cov neeg nyob ze ntawm hav zoov.
Ethnographers tham txog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov neeg nrog Ukrainians thiab Belarusians, tab sis tau sau tseg qee qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsos thiab hauv lub neej niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lawv tau muab sau ua Ukrainians nyob rau hauv ntau atlases, thiab lawv cov lus raug suav hais tias yog ib hom lus.
Shatsky pas dej
Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Polissya, ib thaj chaw uas muaj ntau lub pas dej sib ze tau tsim, hu ua Shatsk Lake District. Nws npog ntau tshaj li peb caug lub pas dej loj hauv cheeb tsam Volyn ntawm Ukraine.
Lub cev dej loj tshaj plaws yog Svityaz nrog thaj tsam ntawm 26 square kilometers. Qhov no yog lub pas dej loj thib ob hauv Ukraine. Lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws tau tsim los tiv thaiv cov pas dej thiab lawv qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig. Nws npog thaj tsam ntawm 48,000 hectares.
Shatsky pas dej muaj ntses puv, lawv nyob hauv: trout, perch, Chud whitefish, Amur carp, pike perch, loach, perch, catfish, pike, roach, thiab lwm yam Waterfowl zes ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Thaj chaw ntawm lub tiaj ua si yog hnyav heev swamped, ntxiv rau cov pas dej muajntau lub pas dej thiab swamps. Cov nroj tsuag hauv zos yog nplua nuj nyob hauv mosses thiab algae.
Ntau tshaj 70 hom nceb loj hlob hauv lub tiaj ua si, thiab ntau dua 32 cov nroj tsuag hauv zos tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, ntawm cov uas muaj ntau hom butterflies, lyubok, sundews, qis birch thiab venus khau khiab. Muaj txog 33 hom tsiaj uas tsis tshua muaj lossis muaj kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv Shatsky Lakes: tooj liab, dub storks, daj herons, dej warblers, grey cranes thiab lwm yam.
Belovezhskaya Pushcha
Lwm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv Polissya yog Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Nws yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Belarus thiab Poland thiab occupies 161 txhiab hectares. Belovezhskaya Pushcha yog ib qho chaw khaws cia hauv hav zoov hav zoov - toj roob hauv pes uas tau nyob hauv thaj chaw no txij li lub sijhawm ua ntej glacial.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu hauv Belovezhskaya Pushcha tshaj txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv Europe. Muaj ntau tshaj 500 hom nceb ib leeg, txog tib tus naj npawb ntawm moss thiab lichen hom, thiab txog 1000 vascular nroj tsuag. Owls, eagle owls, white-tailed eagles, luv-toed eagles, badgers, lynxes and even bison nyob hav zoov.
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej keeb kwm, cov hav zoov no tau npog ib feem loj ntawm Tebchaws Europe, tab sis thaum kawg raug rhuav tshem. Hauv nws daim ntawv qub, lub ntuj tsim tau khaws cia ntawm no xwb.
