Muaj peb hom lus tseem ceeb hauv lus Askiv: to be, to have, to do (to be, to have, to do). Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov grammatical tenses, qhia cov qauv thiab ua ib feem ntawm cov kab lus thiab kab lus. Lus Askiv verb have got (tau got) yog siv ua lus Askiv Askiv. Nws txhais tau tias "muaj, muaj, muaj, muaj." Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cov lus qhia no yog nws muaj peev xwm ua raws li ib tug tag nrho-fledged (semantic), auxiliary (ua ke nrog semantic), los yog modal (qhia tus cwj pwm rau ib qho kev txiav txim, muaj peev xwm los yog tsim nyog ntawm nws cov kev siv).
Muaj (muaj) hauv Present Simple (tam sim no)
Qhov yooj yim tam sim no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev hloov pauv rau tus neeg thib peb cov lus. Cov lus qhia tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv lees paub, tsis zoo, lossis kev nug.
Raws tag nrho-tus nqi lossis semantic hauv qhov no, nws yog conjugated raws li hauv qab no:
- Muaj (rau kuv, peb, koj, lawv).
- Has (rau nws, nws, nws).
Examples:
Nws muaj ntauua haujlwm. Nws (muaj) ntau txoj haujlwm ua.
Nws muaj sijhawm dawb ntau lub caij ntuj sov. Nws (muaj) sijhawm dawb ntau lub caij ntuj sov.
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia muaj thiab muaj nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim tam sim no lub sijhawm yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kom nco qab. Cov ntaub ntawv no raug txiav txim siab thaum pib ntawm kev kawm lus. Lawv tau hnov tas li thiab txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus tsuas yog nthuav dav thiab sib sau ua ke.
Cov lus qhia pab ua / ua yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv tsis zoo thiab nug.
Examples:
Kuv tsis muaj nyiaj txaus mus ncig tebchaws USA xyoo no. Kuv tsis muaj nyiaj txaus mus ncig teb chaws America xyoo no.
Nws puas muaj phau ntawv sau? Nws puas muaj lub laptop?
Has (had) in Past Simple (yav dhau los)
Thaum tsim cov lus yooj yim dhau los ntawm cov lus qhia muaj xws li semantic, nws hloov daim ntawv kom muaj. Hauv qhov no, kev txhais lus zoo li "muaj, muaj, muaj." Nws yog ib qho lus qhia tsis xwm yeem thiab yog li ntawd tau teev nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense rau txhua tus neeg, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv muaj.
Examples:
Kuv muaj lub rooj dawb. Kuv muaj ib lub rooj dawb.
Nws muaj ntau yam khoom ua si thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus. Nws muaj ntau yam khoom ua si thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nug lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov yooj yim dhau los, cov lus qhia ua tau ntxiv rau muaj, uas yog ib qho pabcuam.
Examples:
Kuv tsis muaj lub xov tooj txawb hu rau nws thaum mus ncig. Kuv tsis muaj lub xov tooj txawb hu rau nws thaum mus ncig.
Nws puas muaj kwv tij lossis muam? Nws puas muaj kwv tij los yog muam?
Muaj (muaj) hauv Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim (yav tom ntej)
Qhia txog kev muaj nyob rau hauv Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim, tau siv nrog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Nws yog tib yam rau txhua tus neeg. Cov lus qhia muaj (txoj cai) hauv daim ntawv no yog tsim nyog los qhia txog lub neej yav tom ntej.
Example:
Nws muaj nws lub rooj sib tham tau npaj thaum 10 teev tsaus ntuj tag kis. Nws muaj lub rooj sib tham rau tag kis thaum 22.00.
Nws yuav muaj ntau phau ntawv. Nws yuav muaj ntau phau ntawv.
xyoo no kuv yuav tsis muaj miv. xyoo no kuv yuav tsis muaj miv.
Peb puas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej tshiab? Peb puas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej tshiab?
Kev sib txuas muaj (muaj)
Raws li lub rooj ntawm cov lus qhia tsis xwm yeem, muaj / muaj cov ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb muaj. Cov yav tas yog hu ua yav dhau los participle. Xav txog kev sib txuas siv tus piv txwv uas nws muaj (nws muaj) yav dhau los thiab tam sim no.
Present Ind. - nws muaj
Tam sim no Cont. - Nws muaj
Present Perfect – nws muaj
Past Ind. - nws muaj
Yav dhau los Cont. - Nws tau muaj
Past Perfect – nws muaj
Present Perfect Continuous - nws tau muaj
Past Perfect Continuous - nws tau muaj
Los ntawm tib txoj ntsiab cai, cov lus qhia ua ib qho semantic yog siv rau lwm lub sijhawm ntawm lus Askiv. Txhawm rau nco ntsoov txhua yam kev xaiv ua tau, coj qhov chaw ruaj khov lossis piv txwv nrog muaj / muaj thiab "khiav" nws los ntawm lub rooj tshwj xeeb. Ua hauj lwm nrog kev pom, auditory nco thiab xav txog kev xavyuav tsis nyob rau hauv vain, thiab peb yuav yooj yim siv daim ntawv tsim nyog thaum koj xav tau los tsim tag nrho cov kab lus. Cov lus qhia muaj (muaj) yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv, thiab thaum nws siv yog coj mus rau automatism nyob rau hauv ib tug grammatical ntsiab lus, ua hauj lwm ntawm cov lus thiab colloquial hais lus yuav ua tau zoo dua.
Has (had) as an auxiliary verb
daim ntawv no yog siv los tsim txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tw zoo meej nrog rau cov lus qhia tshwj tsis yog modal. Lub conjugation yuav zoo ib yam li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov nqi variant. Cov lus qhia pabcuam tau siv los ua lub sijhawm ntawm pawg Perfect, kev pom zoo thiab lub siab xav.
Examples:
Kuv hnov txaus. Kuv twb hnov txaus lawm.
Koj puas tau mus rau London? Koj puas tau mus rau London?
Has (tau) qhia kev hloov pauv
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov lus qhia muaj (muaj) yog khub nrog ib tug semantic (nyob rau hauv ib tug indefinite daim ntawv). Nws qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua qee yam ua los ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Qhov thib ob yog muab cov lus qhia lossis cov lus pom zoo yog tias tsim nyog. Thaum hais txog kev hloov pauv, cov lus qhia muaj yog conjugated tib yam li cov semantic. Cov xwm txheej hauv qab no tsim nyog xav txog:
1. Lub luag haujlwm lossis qhov tsim nyog nruj.
Peb yuav tsum mus tam sim no, tsis muaj daim ntawv tso cai nres. Peb yuav tsum mus tam sim no, tsis muaj qhov nres ntawm no.
Hauv qhov no, kev siv cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov xav tau los piav qhia txhua yam kev coj ua raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud.xwm txheej.
Nws feem ntau nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no uas tsis meej pem tshwm sim ntawm kev siv yuav tsum thiab yuav tsum tau. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib txoj cai meej: thawj zaug yog siv los qhia qhov xav tau ntawm kev txiav txim vim yog kev ntshaw ntawm tus kheej.
2. Assumption los yog logical xaus.
Ntau tus neeg hnav lub kaus mom sab nraud. Nws yuav tsum txias. Tam sim no feem ntau yog hnav lub kaus mom ntawm txoj kev. Nws yuav tsum txias nyob ntawd.
Kev siv cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau ua hauv qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau piav qhia raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab tau kos. Feem ntau, yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no.
3. Kev pom zoo los yog tswv yim.
Koj yuav tsum tau saib daim movie no. Nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj cov lus qhia keeb kwm. Koj yuav tsum tau saib cov yeeb yaj kiab no. Nws yuav pab tau rau koj zaj keeb kwm.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov lus qhia yuav tsum yog npaj los ntxias tus interlocutor ua ib yam dab tsi. Hauv Lavxias, cov lus txhais zoo li "yuav tsum."
Has (had) hauv idioms thiab teeb cov kab lus
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov lus qhia feem ntau ua rau muaj kev nyuaj rau nws siv thiab txhais lus. Cov kab lus zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem hais lus tau; ib tus yuav tsum nrhiav cov kev sib txawv sib xws rau hom lus. Teeb meem nrog kev txhais lus kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum siv clichés lossis idioms nrog cov lus qhia muaj (muaj). Koj tsis tuaj yeem qhia lawv cov lus hais, thiab koj yuav tsum twv los ntawm lub ntsiab lus, lossis tsuas yog cim tag nrho cov kab lus. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog txhawm rau txhawm rau siv cov ntaub ntawv thematically.
Cov piv txwv txog zaub mov:
Noj tshais - noj tshais, muaj tshuaj yej - haus tshuaj yej, muajhaus - haus.
Piv txwv hais txog cov rooj sib tham thiab kev ua si:
Nyob zoo - Nyob zoo, sib ntsib - teem caij.
Piv txwv ntsig txog kev xav thiab kev xav:
Muaj tswv yim - muaj tswv yim, muaj tswv yim - muaj tswv yim, muaj tswv yim - muaj ib txoj kev npaj.
Tom qab txiav txim siab ntau pawg ntawm cov lus hais nrog cov lus qhia muaj, xaiv rau koj tus kheej qhov siv tau tshaj plaws los yog siv tau rau kev siv niaj hnub lossis kev sib txuas lus lag luam. Ua hauj lwm los ntawm lawv hauv kab lus tiag tiag, hais kom nrov nrov ob peb zaug, lossis nyeem lawv. Kev sau cov kab lus nrog cov kab lus tshiab thiab idioms yuav ua tau zoo heev. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev pom thiab hnov lub cim xeeb yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nco.
Cov lus qhia muaj (muaj) yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv hauv lus Askiv, thiab txhua yam ua tsaug rau nws qhov ntau yam. Nws tuaj yeem yog semantic, pab, modal thiab yog ib feem ntawm ntau hom lus thiab clichés tsim los txhawb koj cov lus thiab ua rau nws zoo dua rau tus neeg txawv teb chaws. Xav txog txhua qhov haujlwm ntawm cov lus qhia kom ntxaws ntxiv, ua haujlwm hauv kev sib tham thiab sau cov haujlwm thiab cov xwm txheej. Thaum kev sib txuas lus thiab thaum mloog cov ntaub ntawv suab hauv lus Askiv, ua tib zoo saib yuav ua li cas thiab ua ke nrog cov lus uas cov lus qhia tau siv. Kev paub, kev coj ua thiab kev mloog zoo yuav tso cai rau koj los ua tus tswv lub ntsiab lus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab nthuav dav grammatical sai txaus.
