yog dab tsi? Yog hais tias xws li ib lo lus nug tau nug nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus qhia, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis paub cov lus teb, ces nws yog lub sij hawm los zaum rau morphology. Morphology yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus uas kawm txog qee yam ntawm kev hais lus thiab paub tias lub npe yog dab tsi. Los yog, nws paub txhua yam txog nws.
Morphology teb cov lus nug no raws li nram no: "Ib lub npe yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov khoom!". Cov khoom hauv kab lus feem ntau hu ua yam thiab tib neeg, ntuj tshwm sim, nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, feem ntau, txhua yam uas teb lo lus nug "leej twg" lossis "dab tsi". Cov khoom tsis muaj tsiaj teb lo lus nug "dab tsi", hauv cov qauv sau ntawv lawv hu ua inanimate nouns. Lo lus nug "leej twg" yog nug txog tsiaj txhu: tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, kab. Lawv yog animate nouns.
Nouns tuaj yeem yog cov npe zoo. Tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab noog muaj lawv lub npe, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseeb dua los hu lawv lub npe menyuam yaus. Planets, zos, nroog thiab lub teb chaws, dej ntws, hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv kuj muaj lub npe. Kindergartens, camps, phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev ua yeeb yam kuj muaj lawv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog sau nrog ib tug loj, peevCov tsiaj ntawv, thiab cov npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv, tsos kuj raug coj los ua cov lus hais, pom tau tias qhov tseem ceeb.
Piv txwv:
Lub npe Lida yeej haum nws.
Txhua tsev neeg ib zaug tau saib movie "Hlub thiab nquab."
Actor Yuri Vladimirovich Nikulin starred nyob rau hauv ib zaj duab xis hais txog ib tug heroic aub hu ua Mukhtar.
Cov me nyuam yeej ib txwm zoo siab saib lub hli eclipse.
Peb taug kev raws Volga ntawm lub nkoj loj Zarya.
Tag nrho lwm cov npe hu ua cov nouns thiab sau nrog ib tsab ntawv me me.
Hais txog ib co ntawm peb hais tias: "nws". Los yog peb tuaj yeem hloov lo lus "kuv". Cov nouns yog txiv neej. Hais txog lwm tus, peb hais: "nws", "kuv". Lawv zwm rau poj niam txiv neej. Dab tsi yog lub npe neuter? Muaj qee lub npe ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog poj niam lossis txiv neej. Peb yuav hais txog lawv: "nws" lossis "kuv". Lawv zwm rau txiv neej nruab nrab.
Piv txwv li, cov npe "txiv ntxawm" thiab "tus txiv neej", "me nyuam" thiab "tub", "nees" thiab " dais", " rooj" thiab " tais" yog txiv neej. Cov npe "niam" thiab "poj niam", "ntxhais" thiab "neeg zej zog", "yias" thiab "teeb", "dub" thiab " dais" yog poj niam. "Ntuj" thiab "log", "hnub" thiab "seaside", "miracle" thiab "me", "taxi" thiab "domino" yog neuter.
Tab sis ntawm lawv muaj cov uas nws poj niam txiv neej nyob ntawm poj niam txiv neej uas lawv hu tam sim no.
Piv txwv li: Peb Julia yog tus neeg tsis paub cai loj! (poj niam). Tus kws qhia ntawv hais tias Dima yog ib tug ignoramus (m.r.). "Ignorant" -ib tug generic noun, xws li nouns xaus rau "a" los yog "ya".
Piv txwv li: Yasha, tsaug zog taub hau, koj tsaug zog dua! (m.r.). Marina tsaug zog heev, nws feem ntau lig rau thawj zaj lus qhia! (poj niam).
Qee zaum nws tsis yooj yim los txiav txim siab poj niam txiv neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lo lus yog los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, "jelly", "relay", "coat" yog neuter, thiab "coffee" thiab "kev nplua" yog txiv neej. Tab sis "kohlrabi" thiab "avenue" yog poj niam. Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem hauv kev txiav txim siab poj niam txiv neej, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau xa mus rau phau ntawv txhais lus.
Nyob rau ntawm ib kab lus, ib leeg tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug "dab tsi yog lub npe."
Lub ncauj lus no yog rau ntau cov lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj nco qab tias lawv hloov los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, tus lej thiab rooj plaub, muab faib ua declensions thiab sau raws li kev cai.
