Yog li, inorganic chemistry yog ib ceg ntawm chemistry uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog kev muaj peev xwm ua kom hnov mob thiab cov khoom ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lawv cov tebchaw.
Nqe lus no kawm tag nrho cov tebchaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tshwj tsis yog cov organic tshuaj, lub hauv paus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide (tshwj tsis yog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim cuam tshuam nrog inorganic chemistry).
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov inorganic thiab organic compounds uas muaj carbon? Cov chemistry ntawm inorganic compounds kawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yooj yim los yog complex tshuaj tsim los ntawm lawv. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho txoj hauv kev los tsim kev ua tiav thev naus laus zis tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tus uas muab kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab txhua yam niaj hnub. Hauv xyoo 2013, muaj txog 500 txhiab yam tshuaj inorganic tau paub.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm inorganic chemistry yog Txoj Cai Periodic ntawm D. I. Mendeleev thiab nws cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Yog li, cov chav kawm ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj zog muaj raws li hauv qab no: oxides, bases, acids thiabntsev.
Oxides
Cia peb tham txog oxides. Ib qho oxide yog ib qho binary compound, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw uas muaj ib lub caij, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - oxygen. Oxides tuaj yeem ua ntsev-ua thiab tsis yog ntsev-ua. S alt-forming oxides, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua tej yam yooj yim, acidic thiab amphoteric.
Basic oxide - binary compound ntawm oxygen nrog hlau, lub xeev oxidation uas yog kuv lossis II. Acid oxides yog binary compounds nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab hlau nrog lub xeev oxidation ntawm IV-VII. Amphoteric oxides (nrog cov khoom sib txawv vim cov xwm txheej uas lawv nyob) - hlau oxides nrog oxidation xeev III thiab IV thiab kev zam - ZnO, BeO, SnO, PbO.
Y
Foundations
Tom ntej no yog cov hauv paus. Cov mis muaj hlau nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab ib pawg hydroxyl - (OH). Tus nqi nyob ntawm qhov valency ntawm cov hlau. Cov pab pawg neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog cov hauv paus. Cov qauv qhia tau ntau yam txog lawv.
Base tuaj yeem soluble (alkali) thiab insoluble.
Txhua lub hauv paus sib raug rau ib qho oxide tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv ntawm oxides thiab cov hauv paus muaj feem cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, cov pab pawg hauv qab no txhais tau tias:
- Basic hydroxides yog lub hauv paus nrog cov qauv uas muaj cov hlau ntawm oxidation xeev +1 thiab +2. Nws nthuav tawm cov khoom yooj yim.
- Acid hydroxides - lub hauv paus nrog cov qauv uas muaj cov hlau ntawm oxidation xeev +5 thiab +6. Cov oxides no nthuav tawm cov khoom muaj kua qaub.
- Amphoteric hydroxides - lub hauv paus nrog cov qauv uas muaj cov hlau nrog lub xeev oxidation ntawm +3, +4, +2 (hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb). Amphoteric hydroxides tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si acidic thiab cov yam ntxwv yooj yim. Nws nyob ntawm seb cov hlau nyob hauv.
Qee zaum dej hu ua hydroxide. Hydroxides feem ntau hu ua amphoteric lossis hauv paus hauv paus.
Bases yog tau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau los ntawm pawg alkali thiab alkaline ntiaj teb (IA thiab IIA pawg).
Cov cuab yeej tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauv paus insoluble yog decomposition rau oxide thiab dej.
Acids
Acids yog cov sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog, uas muaj hydrogen, uas yog thawj zaug, thiab cov kua qaub seem. Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus lossis tsis muaj oxygen hauv cov kua qaub, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa oxygen thiab tsis muaj oxygen. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm hydrogen atoms hauv thawj qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem yog monobasic, dibasic, tribasic thiab polybasic. Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm, tab sis cov no yog cov tseem ceeb. Base thiab acid formulas muaj feem xyuam. Lawv cov txheej txheem dissociation zoo ib yam, thiab lawv muaj ob qho tib si muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog electrolytes.
Sats
Tsuas yog ntsev xwb. Cov ntsev yog cov tshuaj inorganic uas muaj cov hlau hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab cov kua qaub nyob hauv qhov thib ob. Kev faib tawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsev yog faib rau hauv nruab nrab, acidic, yooj yim thiab complex ntsev.
Zoo, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias inorganic chemistry yog qhov pib ntawm kev paub txog qhov tseeb science.
