Proteins yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm chains ntawm amino acids. Muaj ntau tshaj 100 hom protein molecules hauv tib neeg lub cev. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm. Ntawm cov molecules, fibrinogen, transferrin, immunoglobulins, lipoproteins, albumins thiab lwm yam yog txawv. Kev sib cais ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov protein yog ua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis electrophoresis tau dhau los ua qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Xav txog nws cov yam ntxwv hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov ntshav proteins tsim "tag nrho cov protein". Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj xws li cov khoom xws li globulins thiab albumins. Electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav protein cais lawv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no. Txoj kev sib cais no tso cai rau peb mus kuaj mob mus rau theem tshiab.
Specific
Cov Molecules tau txais qhov tsis zoo lossis qhov zoo, uas nyob ntawm qhov nruab nrab uas ua rau electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav protein ntau. Lawv lub zog yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus nqi. Qhov xwm ntawm qhov txav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov molecules lawv tus kheej, lawv qhov hnyav. Cov ntsiab lus nrog tus nqi zoo muaj qhov nqus tau zoo dua li cov uas muaj tus nqi tsis zoo.
Albumins
Lawv suav hais tias yog cov protein ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov whey feem. Tus naj npawb ntawm albumins qhia txog cov protein nyob hauv ntau lub cev. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecules yog kev khaws cia ntawm osmotic colloidal siab. Nws pab ua kom cov kua dej hauv cov hlab ntsha. Raws li qhov no, kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob xws li pulmonary edema, ascites, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem piav qhia.
YGlobulins
Lawv muab faib ua ob peb pab. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein electrophoresis tso cai rau lawv kom muaj nuj nqis sib cais hauv chav kuaj. Ntawm cov globulins muaj xws li:
- Alpha-1. Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm alpha-1-antitrypsin, nrog rau thyroxin-binding globulin.
- Alpha-2. Lawv muaj ib feem ntawm ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, thiab lwm yam.
- Beta ntsiab lus. Ntawm lawv yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, transferrin, beta-lipoproteins.
- Gamma part. Nws muaj immunoglobulins A, E, M, G, D.
Protein electrophoresis nrog nce hauv alpha-1 thiab alpha-2 qhov qhia tau pib ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
Norma
Electrophoresis ntawm cov proteins ntawm lub cev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam cov ntsuas hauv qab no (hauv g / dl):
- Albumin 3.4-5.
- Alpha-1 globulin - ntawm 0.1 txog 0.3.
- Alpha-2 - los ntawm 0.6 txog 1.
- Beta globulin - los ntawm 0.7 txog 1.2.
- Gamma globulin - los ntawm 0.7 txog 1.6.
- Cov qhab nia ntawm 6.4 txog 8.3.
Cov txiaj ntsig kho mob
Raws li saum toj noNws tau hais tias hauv cov tshuaj muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev sib cais cov protein molecules raws li qee cov qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau yog cov protein electrophoresis. Cov feem pua ntawm cov protein uas muaj nyob hauv qee qhov kev tshaj tawm lom neeg tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm txoj kev no. Hauv particular, nws tso cai rau kev tshawb pom ntawm paraproteins. Protein electrophoresis yog ib txoj kev kho mob tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov molecules uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov cim qhia ntawm qee yam pathologies. Electrophoresis ntawm cov protein feem ntau yog ib txoj kev kuaj mob pheej yig. Nws yog ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chav kuaj. Raws li nws undoubted zoo, nws yog tsim nyog hais txog qhov tseeb thiab ceev ntawm tau txais qhov tshwm sim. Serum protein electrophoresis qhia kev hloov pauv:
- Nyob hauv cov qauv ntawm cov protein molecules.
- Tus nqi sib piv ntawm cov qauv tsim.
Receipt of research results
Capillary electrophoresis qhia qee hom proteins. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov molecules tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm txoj kev no. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog albumin. Rau kev tsom xam tob, fractional electrophoresis yog siv. Cov qib ntawm qee pawg tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov protein, muab faib los ntawm tus txheeb ze % feem ntawm lawv.
Nuances
Protein electrophoresis yuav tsum tau ua ib txhij nrog kev ntsuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm immunoglobulins M, A thiab G. Variants nrog siab dua ntawm thawj ob, uas tsis tuaj yeem kawm cais,yuav tsum tau xa mus rau reanalysis. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob me me ntawm pawg paraprotein.
daim duab kho mob
Protein electrophoresis tso cai rau koj los kuaj pom qhov pib ntawm lub raum thiab daim siab pathologies, caj ces deformations, tsim cov qog malignant, thiab ua kom muaj kab mob ntev thiab mob hnyav. Hauv kev xyaum, ib tug xov tooj ntawm "syndromes" tau raug txheeb xyuas, uas yog qhia los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsom xam:
- Ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm alpha-1 thiab alpha-2 globulins, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, nrog rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov theem mob proteins qhia tau hais tias qhov pib ntawm ib tug mob inflammatory txheej txheem nrog activation ntawm lub complement system. Thaum ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas hematological yooj yim hauv qhov xwm txheej no, tsuas yog nce ESR thiab leukocytosis xwb.
- Txo qhov siab ntawm albumin qhia tias mob siab rau lub siab. Cov kab mob cirrhosis thiab kab mob siab ntev tshwm sim nrog qhov nce ntawm gamma globulins. Yog tias cov protein electrophoresis qhia tau tias lawv ntau dhau ntawm albumin, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum rov ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim ntawd thiab mus rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav.
- Ib nrab nce hauv beta-, gamma- thiab alpha-2-globulins nrog qhov txo qis hauv albumin qhia tias collagenosis, mob ntev, malignancy ntawm benign neoplasms, tsis haum tshuaj, autoimmune pathologies.
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nws raug kuaj pom yog tias daim ntawv teev npe ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias nce qibPom cov protein molecules nyob rau hauv lub raum tubules thiab xaiv proteinuria. Qhov tom kawg yog kev tso tawm ntawm ntau cov albumins thiab ib qho me me ntawm qhov hnyav molecular globulins hauv cov zis. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov molecules loj ntawm pawg alpha-2-globulin hauv lub siab raug kuaj pom. Lawv khaws cia hauv cov ntshav. Yog li ntawd, cov duab hauv qab no tshwm sim. Txo hauv albumin thiab nce hauv alpha-2 globulin.
Extra
Kev poob protein tseem ceeb tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau nephrotic syndrome. Lawv kuj tau sau tseg hauv Laella tus kab mob, kub hnyiab, kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsis haum xeeb nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av, lub decoding ntawm cov proteinogram qhia ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm albumin thiab ib txhij nce nyob rau hauv feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov. pawg ntawm globulins. Koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm qib protein los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua electrophoresis. Hauv qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom qhia cov tshuaj uas hloov cov ntsiab lus protein. Nrog rau qhov txo qis hauv gamma globulins, qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav heev ntawm qhov kis tau los yog qhov tshwm sim tau raug kuaj pom. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas daim duab kho mob tag nrho, nws raug nquahu kom txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm immunoglobulins M, A, G.
Paraproteinemia
Electrophoresis yog suav tias yog tib txoj kev los qhia nws. Paraproteinemia yog cov tsos mob uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav benign thiab malignant. Kev txuam nrog hauv cov ntshav ntawm monoclonal immunoglobulins, nrog rau cov khoom tawg ntawm lawv cov ntawv cog lusCov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam myeloma thiab ntau tus leukemias. Rau qhov sib txawv ntawm paraproteins thiab tsim cov chains protein, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov hloov kho electrophoresis - immunofixation. Rau txoj kev tshawb no, helium daim hlau nrog antiserum yog siv.
yam ntxwv ntawm cov feem ntawm qhov nkhaus electrophoretic
YTransthyretin (prealbumin). Nws yog lub raum protein. Nws nyob hauv qab albumin, muaj ib nrab-lub neej luv luv. Prealbumin khi cov thyroid hormones, thauj protein rau A-vitamin. Nws cov ntsiab lus ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov muaj protein ntau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg peripheral. Nrog rau kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab daim siab pathologies, qhov txo qis hauv nws qhov sib koom tau sau tseg.
Monoclonal immunoglobulins tsuas yog kuaj pom nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology.
