ntshav yog dab tsi, sawv daws paub. Peb pom nws thaum peb raug mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, piv txwv li, yog peb txiav los yog prick. Peb paub tias nws yog tuab thiab liab. Tab sis cov ntshav yog dab tsi? Tsis yog txhua tus paub qhov no. Meanwhile, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog complex thiab heterogeneous. Nws tsis yog kua liab xwb. Nws tsis yog lub plasma uas muab nws cov xim, tab sis cov zoo li cov khoom uas nyob hauv nws. Cia peb saib seb peb cov ntshav yog dab tsi.
ntshav yog dab tsi?
Tag nrho cov ntshav hauv tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob ntu. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov kev faib no yog kev cai. Thawj qhov yog peripheral, uas yog, ib qho uas ntws hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha, qhov thib ob yog cov ntshav uas nyob hauv cov kab mob hematopoietic thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Lawm, nws tas li circulates los ntawm lub cev, thiab yog li ntawd qhov kev faib no yog formal. Tib neeg cov ntshav muaj ob yam - plasma thiab zoo li cov khoom uas nyob hauv nws. Cov no yog erythrocytes, leukocytesthiab platelets. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev. Qee qhov ntau dua, qee qhov tsawg dua. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom sib xws, ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lwm yam khoom muaj nyob hauv tib neeg cov ntshav. Feem ntau, ntshav tsis muaj menyuam. Tab sis nrog cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm tus kab mob sib kis, kab mob thiab kab mob tuaj yeem pom hauv nws. Yog li, cov ntshav muaj dab tsi, thiab qhov piv ntawm cov khoom no yog dab tsi? Lo lus nug no tau kawm ntev lawm, thiab kev tshawb fawb muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug. Hauv cov neeg laus, qhov ntim ntawm plasma nws tus kheej yog los ntawm 50 mus rau 60%, thiab cov khoom sib xws - los ntawm 40 mus rau 50% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav. Nws puas tseem ceeb kom paub? Tau kawg, paub txog feem pua ntawm erythrocytes lossis leukocytes hauv cov ntshav, ib tus tuaj yeem ntsuas lub xeev ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom tsim rau tag nrho cov ntshav yog hu ua hematocrit. Feem ntau, nws tsis tsom rau tag nrho cov khoom, tab sis tsuas yog rau cov qe ntshav liab. Qhov ntsuas no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv lub raj iav tiav uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntshav thiab centrifuged. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom hnyav poob rau hauv qab, thaum lub plasma, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nce. Zoo li cov ntshav ntws. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj tsuas tuaj yeem xam qhov twg yog nyob ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov. Hauv cov tshuaj, cov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tau siv dav. Tam sim no, lawv tau tsim los ntawm kev ntsuas tsis siv neeg hematology.
ntshav ntshav
Plasma yog cov kua dej ntawm cov ntshav, uas muaj cov cell uas raug tshem tawm, cov proteins thiab lwm yam sib txuas. Raws li nws lawvxa mus rau lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Ntshav plasma yog dab tsi? Txog 85% yog dej. Qhov seem 15% yog cov organic thiab inorganic. Kuj tseem muaj cov roj ntsha hauv cov ntshav plasma. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, yog carbon dioxide thiab oxygen. Inorganic tshuaj suav nrog 3-4%. Cov no yog anions (PO43-, HCO3-, SO42-) thiab cations (Mg2+, K+, Na +). Organic tshuaj (kwv yees li 10%) tau muab faib ua nitrogen-dawb (cholesterol, qabzib, lactate, phospholipids) thiab cov khoom muaj nitrogen (amino acids, proteins, urea). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav plasma: enzymes, cov tshuaj hormones thiab cov vitamins. Lawv suav txog li 1%. Histologically, plasma yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov kua dej interstitial.
Erythrocytes
Yog li ntawd, tib neeg cov ntshav muaj li cas? Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntshav plasma, nws kuj muaj cov khoom zoo li qub. Cov qe ntshav liab, lossis erythrocytes, tej zaum yog cov pab pawg coob ntawm cov khoom no. Erythrocytes nyob rau hauv lub mature xeev tsis muaj ib tug nucleus. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, lawv zoo li biconcave discs. Lub sijhawm ntawm lawv lub neej yog 120 hnub, tom qab ntawd lawv raug rhuav tshem. Nws tshwm sim hauv tus po thiab daim siab. Cov qe ntshav liab muaj cov protein tseem ceeb hu ua hemoglobin. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib pauv roj. Cov khoom no thauj cov pa oxygen thiab carbon dioxide. Nws yog cov protein hemoglobin uas ua rau cov ntshav liab.
Platelets
tib neeg cov ntshav muaj dab tsi, tsuas yogplasma thiab erythrocytes? Nws muaj platelets. Lawv tseem ceeb heev. Cov hlwb me me uas tsis muaj nucleated, tsuas yog 2-4 micrometers hauv txoj kab uas hla, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thrombosis thiab homeostasis. Platelets yog disc-puab. Lawv circulate dawb nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Tab sis lawv qhov txawv feature yog lub peev xwm los teb rau vascular puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Thaum cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha raug mob, lawv, sib txuas nrog ib leeg, "kaw" qhov kev puas tsuaj, tsim cov hlab ntsha ntom ntom uas tiv thaiv cov ntshav los ntawm kev ntws tawm. Platelets yog tsim tom qab lub fragmentation ntawm lawv loj megakaryocyte precursors. Lawv nyob hauv cov pob txha. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, mus txog 10 txhiab platelets yog tsim los ntawm ib tug megakaryocyte. Qhov no yog tus lej loj heev. Lub neej ntawm platelets yog 9 hnub. Tau kawg, lawv tuaj yeem kav ntev dua, raws li lawv tuag thaum lub sijhawm clogging ntawm kev puas tsuaj hauv cov hlab ntsha. Cov platelets qub tau tawg hauv tus po los ntawm phagocytosis thiab hauv daim siab los ntawm Kupffer hlwb.
cov qe ntshav dawb, lossis leukocytes, yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov uas yog ib feem ntawm cov ntshav, uas tuaj yeem tawm hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov peev xwm no nquag txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws. Leukocytes rhuav tshem cov kab mob pathogenic proteins thiab lwm cov tebchaw. Lawv koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum tsim cov T-hlwb uas tuaj yeem paub cov kab mob, cov proteins txawv teb chaws thiab lwm yam khoom. Lymphocytes tseem zais B hlwb,tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab macrophages uas devour loj pathogenic hlwb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum kuaj kab mob kom paub qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav. Nws yog tus naj npawb ntawm leukocytes ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv nws uas qhia txog kev txhim kho o.
YHematopoietic organs
Yog li, tau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav, nws tseem yuav pom qhov twg nws cov khoom tseem ceeb raug tsim. Lawv muaj lub neej luv luv, yog li koj yuav tsum tau hloov kho lawv tas li. Lub physiological regeneration ntawm cov ntshav Cheebtsam yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov laus hlwb thiab, raws li, tsim cov tshiab. Nws tshwm sim hauv lub cev ntawm hematopoiesis. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv hauv tib neeg yog cov pob txha pob txha. Nws yog nyob rau hauv ntev tubular thiab pelvic pob txha. Cov ntshav yog lim hauv tus po thiab daim siab. Hauv cov kabmob no, nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tau siv.
