Yuav kom tso cov cim cim kom raug, lub tswv yim ntawm kab lus nyuaj yuav tsum raug kos kom raug. Tsuas yog nws yuav pab kom nkag siab txog cov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa commas, dashes thiab colons. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhov kev ua tiav schematic kuj tseem pab kom ua tau raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm chav tsev syntactic. Cov lus nug ntawm syntax thiab punctuation muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej num ntawm USE thiab GIA, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom pom qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kab lus nyuaj. Yuav ua li cas kom raug? Cia peb xav txog hauv kab lus no.
Lub tswvyim ntawm kab lus nyuaj
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhais cov kab lus sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws syntactic unit, uas suav nrog ntau yam yooj yim.
Yog li, cov kab lus no muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub hauv paus grammatical. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg hauv ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Subordinating conjunctions and allied words.
- Kev sib koom ua ke.
- No union.
- Ntau hom kev sib txuas tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ib chav tsev syntactic.
Raws li, cov kab lus nyuaj hauv Lavxias tau txiav txim siab los ntawm hom kev sib txuas hauv lawv. Lawv yuav raug hu ua complex, compound, unionless thiab nrog ntau hom kev sib txuas lus, feem.
kab lus piav qhia: ntsiab lus
Lub tswv yim ntawm kab lus nyuaj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb, nws yuav tsum tau piav qhia txog qhov teeb tsa ntawm txhua tus cim cim hauv nws. Yog li, lub algorithm rau nws muab tso ua ke tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li hauv qab no:
- Xaiv lub hauv paus grammatical thiab txiav txim seb muaj pes tsawg qhov.
- Nrhiav hom kev sib txuas ntawm ntu hauv kab lus. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias peb qhia cov subordination nrog puag ncig, qhov tseem ceeb, kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua ke tsis yog - nrog cov square brackets.
- Txiav txim siab cov tswvcuab theem nrab ntawm kab lus, saib seb puas muaj cov homogeneous ntawm lawv. Cov yav tas kuj xav tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev nthuav dav. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais, unions tsis ua si syntactic muaj nuj nqi. Prepositions xa mus rau cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus uas lawv tsim cov kab lus txuas.
- Saib seb qhov nyuaj npaum li cas (sib cais cov ntsiab lus, xwm txheej, cov lus qhia thiab kev tsim kho, cov tswv cuab homogeneous).
- Nyob hauv kab lus nyuaj, txiav txim siab hom subordination: parallel lossis sequential.
Cov kab lus sib xyaw thiab nws cov tswv yim
Cia peb saib ib qho piv txwv: Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ntuj, muaj huab rippling, huab me me pib sau, thiab nag txias pib los nag.
Ua ntej, cia peb ua pov thawj tias kab lus no nyuaj heev. Nws muaj ob lub hauv paus: huab(kub kawm 1), pib sib sau ua ke (predicate 2); los nag (kuj kawm 2), drizzled (predicate 2). Cov khoom yog txuas los ntawm ib lub koomhaum thiab, raws li, ib kab lus sib txuas.
Ua haujlwm nrog thawj ntu: saum ntuj - xwm txheej qhia los ntawm lub npe nrog preposition; lub caij ntuj sov - ib tug txhais tau hais los ntawm ib tug adjective; me me - ib tug txhais tau hais los ntawm ib tug adjective. Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm kev cais cais ntawm huab cua rippling, nws tau qhia los ntawm kev koom tes nrog.
thib ob tsuas muaj ib tug me me xwb, lub ntsiab txhais yog txias. Nws yog uncomplicated. Yog li, lub tswv yim ntawm cov kab lus nyuaj yuav zoo li no:
[X, |p.o.|, -=], [i=-]
Nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim no, lub cim X qhia txog cov lus uas tau txhais, uas cov ntsiab lus cais hais txog.
Lub tswv yim yuav pab kom paub qhov txawv kab lus los ntawm ib qho yooj yim nrog homogeneous predicates txuas los ntawm lub koomhaum thiab. Sib piv: Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ntuj, tag nrho ntawm rippling huab, me me huab pib sau thiab npog lub qab ntug. Ntawm no tsuas muaj homogeneous predicates: lawv pib sib sau ua ke, npog. Lawv txuas nrog lub union thiab.
Cov kab lus nyuaj thiab nws cov tswv yim
Cov kab lus nyuaj hauv Lavxias nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj qhov tsis sib xws: lub ntsiab thiab subordinate. Kev txhais lawv yog qhov yooj yim heev: qhov kawg ib txwm muaj lub koom haum subordinating lossis ib lo lus sib koom. Xws li cov tswv yim ntawm cov kab lus nyuaj yog qhov nthuav heev. Peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov piv txwv hauv qab no. Qhov tseeb yog qhov subordinate feem tuaj yeem yog thaum pib,kawg ntawm kab lus thiab txawm tawg lub ntsiab.
Thaum Cossack tsa nws txhais tes thiab qw, ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj nrov. Cov kab lus yog complex: Cossack - kawm 1; tsa, qw - predicates 1; txhaj tshuaj - kawm 2; resounded - predicate 2. Cov seem yog txuas nrog lub union thaum, nws yog subordinating, yog li cov kab lus yog complex. Hauv qhov no, kab lus pib kab lus. Cia peb ua pov thawj. Ua ntej, nws muaj kev sib koom ua ke, thiab qhov thib ob, ib tus tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug yooj yim rau nws: kev txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm haujlwm (thaum twg?) Thaum Cossack tsa nws txhais tes. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim, lub subordinate ib feem yog nyob rau hauv lub voj voog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov subordinate feem yog nyuaj los ntawm homogeneous predicates (peb kuj qhia lawv graphically). Lub tswv yim ntawm kab lus nyuaj yuav zoo li no: (thaum -=thiab=), [=-].
Lwm qhov kev xaiv thaum kab lus nyuaj pib nrog qhov tseem ceeb: Kev txhaj tshuaj tawm thaum Cossack tsa nws txhais tes thiab qw. [=-], (when -=and=).
Cov kab lus nyuaj: cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb
Cov kab lus sib txuas tawg los ntawm kab lus yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Tam sim no peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov piv txwv nrog cov koom haum. Cov pa taws los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, uas txhua yam pov tseg, ua rau lub qhov muag los kua muag. Lub hauv paus grammatical ntawm lub ntsiab feem: haus luam yeeb - kawm, corroded - predicate. Nyob rau hauv subordinate ib feem tsuas yog tus predicate pov. Lub hauv paus grammatical ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog tawg los ntawm subordinate clause nrog cov lus sib koom uas. Raws li, lub tswvyim yuav ua raws li nram no: [-, (nyob rau hauv uas=),=].
Ib qho piv txwv: Lub tsev pheeb suab uas tau khoob tau ntau xyoo, qhov twgpeb txiav txim siab nres, nyob rau ntawm ntug heev ntawm lub zos. Qhov tseem ceeb: kawm - tsev pheeb suab, predicate - yog; nws yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm kev koom nrog kev sib tw, uas tsis yog cais. Lub subordinate ib feem: qhov kev kawm - peb, lub predicate - txiav txim siab tso tseg. Lub tswv yim yog raws li nram no: [|p.o.|-, (qhov twg -=),=].
Union-free compound kab lus scheme
Peb tau txiav txim siab sib koom tes thiab subordinating cov kab lus sib txuas. Piv txwv nrog cov koom haum tsis yog tib qho xwb. Kuj tseem muaj kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv lub ntsiab lus, unionless. Ntawm no cov tswv yim raug yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, vim hais tias hauv cov kab lus zoo li no, nrog rau commas, semicolon, dash lossis colon siv tau. Lawv xaiv nyob ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm semantic thiab grammatical.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus tsis yog koom ua ke yog sib npaug thiab qhia los ntawm cov kab lus square. Cia peb saib cov piv txwv.
- cua ntsawj hnyav dua; txawm nrov nrov khiav nas, bustling txog nyob rau hauv lawv burrows. Cov kab lus nyuaj no muaj ob ntu: hauv thawj lub hauv paus, cua daj cua dub, hauv qhov thib ob, cov nas khiav. Raws li txoj cai, yog tias tseem muaj cov cim cim nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw, nws yuav tsum tau muab lub semicolon nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Qhov thib ob muaj cov ntsiab lus cais cais los ntawm ib qho comma. Cov txheej txheem yuav zoo li no: [-=]; [=-, |p.o.|].
- Lub tsev tau kub heev txhua hnub: cov tub qhe scurried txog, cov ntxhais huabtais sim hnav khaub ncaws, cov neeg laus hauv kev zoo siab tau tshuaj xyuas lawv qhov kev npaj rau hnub so. Hauv kab lus no nrog kev sib koom ua ke, muaj plaub ntu. Lub hauv paus grammatical yog raws li nram no: vanity (subject) yog(predicate), tub qhe (kub kawm) scurried (predicate), ntxhais fuabtais (kub kawm) sim rau (predicate), cov neeg laus (kub kawm) kuaj (predicate). Thawj kab lus yog piav qhia los ntawm cov hauv qab no, yog li yuav tsum muaj ib txoj hnyuv loj. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no: [=-]: [=-], [-=], [-=].
- Yog koj nyeem thaum ib tug menyuam yaus, phau ntawv yuav dhau los ua phooj ywg tiag rau lub neej. Cia peb ua pov thawj tias qhov kev xav yog complex. Muaj ob lub hauv paus grammatical: koj yuav (predicate), phau ntawv (kev kawm) yuav ua phooj ywg (predicate). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug khiav ceev yog yuav tsum tau, vim hais tias qhov thib ob seem muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj. Lub tswv yim yog yooj yim: [=] - [-=].
Ntau hom kev sib txuas hauv kab lus nyuaj
Kawm ib kab lus nyuaj hauv tsev kawm ntawv (Qib 8), ntau hom kev sib txuas lus dhau ntawm tib kab lus. Cia peb tsom xam daim duab kos duab ntawm tus qauv zoo sib xws.
Cov khoom qab zib uas tau yuav thaum lub sijhawm mus txawv tebchaws tau cuam tshuam nrog qee yam keeb kwm, thiab txhua lub trinket muaj lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsis tshua muaj, yuav tsis muaj ib qho uas yuav tsim nyog rau nws tus kheej. (B. Garth)
Muaj 4 ntu hauv kab lus no, txuas nrog kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Thawj - souvenirs (kub kawm) tau txuas nrog (predicate), qhov thib ob - ib tug trinket (subject) muaj (predicate), qhov thib peb - tsis pom (tsuas yog cov predicate), plaub uas (cov lus sib koom, cov ntsiab lus) yuav yog tsim nyog saib (predicate). Muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov chaw thib ib thiab thib ob, ntxiv rau, hauv thawj qhov muaj qhov sib txawv; nruab nrab ntawm qhov thib ob thiab thib peb kuj sib koom tes, nruab nrab ntawm qhov thib peb thiab thib plaub subordinating. Lub tswvyim yuavzoo li no: [-, |p.o.|,=], [a-=], [but=], (which=).
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm kab lus nyuaj
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub tswv yim yuav tsum sib cais los ntawm lub tswv yim. Nws yuav tsum tau qhia tias nws yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm nqe lus thiab intonation, thiab ces nws yog tsim nyog los piav qhia txog txhua yam: muaj pes tsawg leeg (ib los yog ob feem), prevalence, tiav los yog tsis, thiab dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj.
Cia peb xav ua piv txwv cov kab lus uas tau hais hauv nqe lus dhau los. Nws yog piav qhia, tsis yog exclamatory. 1st ntu: ob feem, ntau, ua tiav, nyuaj los ntawm kev txhais lus cais, qhia los ntawm kev koom tes; Ntu 2: ob feem, ntau, ua tiav, tsis yooj yim; Qhov thib 3: ib qho (tsis yog tus kheej), ntau, ua tiav, tsis nyuaj los ntawm dab tsi; 4th part: two-part, common, tiav, uncomplicated.
