Hausa lus: lingua franca ntawm West African pab pawg

Cov txheej txheem:

Hausa lus: lingua franca ntawm West African pab pawg
Hausa lus: lingua franca ntawm West African pab pawg
Anonim

Hausa tsuas yog ib hom lus ntawm tsev neeg Chadic (muaj ntau dua 140 nyob rau hauv tag nrho) uas muaj cov lus sau, thiab loj tshaj ntawm cov neeg hais lus. Tag nrho cov neeg hais lus yog tshaj 60 lab. Nws yog haiv neeg Hausa, uas feem ntau nyob hauv Nigeria thiab Niger. Tab sis nws kuj tau hais hauv lub tebchaws xws li Chad, Cameroon, Benin, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Sudan thiab lwm yam. Hauv Nigeria, Niger thiab Ghana, Hausa tau lees paub txoj cai raws li ib qho ntawm cov haiv neeg haiv neeg tsawg.

cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Hausa
cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Hausa

Qhov chaw hauv kev faib thoob ntiaj teb

Cov lus Hausa yog nyob rau pawg Western Chadian, uas yog ib feem ntawm Afro-Asiatic (yav tas los hu ua Semitic-Hamitic) macrofamily. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb cais pawg Hausa, uas suav nrog ob hom lus: Gwandara thiab Hausa.

Muaj ntau dua kaum hom lus hauv cov lus no. Lawv muab faib ua ob pawg loj: sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob.

Nigerian tus qauv tsev yog raws li Kano Koine. Lub nroog Nigerian ntawm Kano yog lub chaw lag luam loj thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Koine yog qhov txawv ntawm cov lus hais uas tshwm sim thaum sib txuas lusntawm cov neeg hais lus txawv txawv.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Cov ntawv Hausa niaj hnub siv hauv xov xwm thiab kev kawm yog hu ua boko thiab ua raws li cov tsiaj ntawv Latin. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th thaum lub sij hawm British colonization.

Qhov tseeb: lo lus "boko" hauv Hausa txhais tau tias tsis yog kev sau ntawv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev kawm Western-style. Ib txwm txhais ntawm etymology: los ntawm phau ntawv Askiv - "phau ntawv". Tab sis xyoo 2013, tus kws tshaj lij Asmeskas hauv cov lus African Paul Newman (Paul Newman) hauv nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm etymology ntawm Boko (Lub Ethymology ntawm Hausa Boko) tau ua pov thawj tias lo lus tsis yog qiv, thiab nws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog "dag, kev dag", ntau qhov dav - "cov ntawv uas tsis yog-Islamic".

Muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm kev siv cov tsiaj ntawv Latin hauv Niger thiab Nigeria. Lawv siv tsab ntawv ƴ thiab 'y raws los sawv cev tib lub suab.

boko script
boko script

Ib zaug nrog cov tsiaj ntawv Latin, muaj kev sau ntawv raws li cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic - ajam, lossis ajami. Tsis muaj kev cai tsis sib xws rau nws. Cov piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv ajami rau cov lus Hausa hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 17th - cov no yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev ntseeg Islamic paj huam. Thiab niaj hnub no, lub ntsiab ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv no yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Islam.

ajami tsab ntawv
ajami tsab ntawv

Thiab ib qho ntxiv qhov tseeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv Nigeria, lwm cov txheej txheem sau ntawv tau tsim rau Hausa - Braille.

Phoneticsystem

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm University of California, Los Angeles, muaj 23 lossis 25 lub suab lus hauv Hausa, nyob ntawm tus neeg hais lus.

Tsuas muaj kaum plaub nqes. Ntawm no, muaj tsib lub ntsiab uas txawv qhov ntev (luv thiab ntev), thiab plaub diphthongs.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Hausa yog lus suab. Tsuas muaj peb lub suab: siab, qis thiab poob. Lawv tsis tau qhia nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv, txawm hais tias muaj kev zam tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv didactic.

Tseem muaj peb hom lus:

  • consonant + vowel;
  • consonant + vowel + vowel;
  • consonant + vowel + consonant.

Tsis muaj pawg consonant (sib sau ua ke ntawm ob peb tus lej ua ke).

Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog kev sau ntawv thiab morphology

Lo lus txiav txim hauv kab lus Hausian yog SVO (Subject-Verb-Object).

Nouns muaj pawg ntawm poj niam txiv neej (poj niam thiab txiv neej) thiab tus lej (singular thiab plural).

Adjectives pom zoo nrog cov npe ntawm poj niam txiv neej lossis tus lej, tuaj yeem muab tso ua ntej thiab tom qab nws. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tshua siv - qhov zoo ntawm ib yam khoom feem ntau qhia siv cov npe.

Rau cov lus qhia muaj ib pawg ntawm nam (zoo meej thiab tsis zoo), tab sis tsis muaj qhov nruj. Lub sijhawm uas nqe lus hais txog raug xa mus siv cov lus tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm nqe lus. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov lus yog ua ntej thiab cov lus xaus.

Siv kab lis kev cai

Hausa hauv Nigerialuam tawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm. Raws li Nigerian site massmediang.com, rau 2018 nyob rau sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm Nigeria, cov lus no yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv xov xwm. Nws kuj tseem muaj ntau lub TV qhia thiab tshaj tawm los ntawm BBC. Ntu Hausa Wikipedia muaj ntau dua peb txhiab kab lus.

daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm hausa movies
daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm hausa movies

Nyob rau YouTube muaj channel nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Hausa - Hausa movies TV, nws muaj ntau dua 60 txhiab tus neeg siv. Feem ntau lawv yog cov neeg hais lus Hausa. Lus Askiv sub titles muaj rau qee cov yeeb yaj kiab - ntau tus neeg hauv tebchaws paub lus Askiv..

Pom zoo: