Aldehydes yog ib lo lus uas zoo li txaus ntshai rau ntau tus. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau chemistry, tejzaum nws muaj tshuaj lom. Formaldehyde yog ib lo lus zoo sib xws uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai tshwj xeeb rau tib neeg. Puas muaj peev xwm kis tau mob qog noj ntshav yog tias raug rau tib yam tshuaj? Puas muaj peev xwm raug tshuaj lom? Nws cuam tshuam rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv li cas? Puas yog peb ncig los ntawm aldehydes? Cia peb sim nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv aldehydes thiab lawv txaus ntshai npaum li cas.
Qhov no yuav ua rau ntau tus xav tsis thoob, tab sis ib qho ntawm cov kev siv ntawm aldehydes yog perfumery. Lo lus txhais tau hais tias xws li cov tebchaw hauv cov molecule uas muaj hydrogen, carbon. Lawv muaj dav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb. Thawj thawj zaug hauv kev lag luam naj hoom, nws tuaj yeem siv lawv rov qab rau xyoo 1905. Kev sib txuas tsis yooj yim rau siv. Yog tias qhov concentration tsawg, aldehydes muab lub teeb, qab ntxiag, zoo nkauj aroma - fruity, floral. Tab sis nws tsim nyog tsawg kawg yog me ntsis overdoing nws, thiab nws tsuas yog tswtsuas yog rancid roj. Kev siv cov tshuaj no kom raug tso cai rau koj ua kom cov aroma ntawm perfumes nplua nuj, tob. Kev siv aldehydes ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov dej hauv chav dej nrog cov ntxhiab tsw txawv txawv thiab kim - nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los siv cov khoom ntuj tsim rau qhov no. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom xyaw ntuj.
Aldehydes yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam thiab yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov qauv, thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub cev tsis, nrog rau tsis hnov tsw. Qhov me me ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov molecule, qhov tsis hnov tsw ntau dua, qhov siab dua - tus neeg nyiam nws ntau dua. Vim qhov no feature, kev siv aldehydes hauv perfumery yog tam sim no xyaum dav heev.
Natural thiab artificial
Aldehydes tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov khoom sib txuas. Qee yam ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntuj. Piv txwv li, kev tsim thiab siv cov aldehydes los ntawm txiv kab ntxwv tev tau dhau los ua thoob plaws. Lwm qhov chaw yog Rose tseem ceeb roj. Muaj tseeb, qhov no yog qhov kev zam ntau dua li txoj cai - feem pua ntawm cov ntau yam yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam. Txoj haujlwm yuav tsum muaj sijhawm tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog qhov yooj yim, yog li niaj hnub no tsis muaj cov tshuaj tsw qab uas yuav tsis muaj cov khoom no.
Ib zaug, kev tsim khoom thiab siv aldehydes hauv perfumery yog qhov hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov tshuaj yog thawjhluavtaws, loj heev siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov naj hoom compositions. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv cov ntxhiab tsw zoo ib yam li cov khoom ntuj, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau txais yog yooj yim dua. Ua tsaug rau aldehydes, cov naj hoom tau txais cov ntawv tsis tu ncua: citrus, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paj.
tshwm sim thiab lo lus zais
Ua tsaug rau kev kawm ntawm lawv lub cev, kev siv aldehydes tau dhau los ua loj heev. Lub boom tshwm sim thaum Chanel No. 5 naj hoom pom lub teeb. Nws tsis yog thawj qhov sib xyaw ua ke los ua cov khoom sib xyaw no, tab sis nws yog qhov ua rau lawv nrov.
Tab sis thawj zaug, cov tshuaj tsw qab nrog cov khoom lag luam uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab tau tso tawm xyoo 1905. Cov chaw tsim khoom yog hom Armingeat. Lub npe ntawm lub cim aromatic muaj pes tsawg leeg yog Reve D'Or. Txawm tias ua ntej, xyoo 1882, raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm aldehydes, kev siv cov tshuaj no tau siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab Fougere Royal. Lawv tau siv los ntawm cov khoom me me, tab sis qhov tseeb nws tus kheej tseem tseem ceeb rau keeb kwm ntawm chemistry thiab perfumery.
Txoj kev kawm ntawm cov khoom, kev siv aldehydes ua fashionable thaum Chanel tso lawv cov tshuaj tsw qab. Lawv cov naj hoom legendary yog qhov kev sim ua tiav nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Kwv yees li ib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov kua yog faib rau aldehydes - tsis muaj leej twg tau ua tiav qhov siab concentration ua ntej lub tuam txhab no. Los ntawm txoj kev, rau qee lub sijhawm nws tau ntseeg tias cov tshuaj tsw qab tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag siab yuam kev, kev saib xyuas los ntawm perfumer - ntau aldehydes tsuas yog siv tsis tau. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov nomuaj ib qho yuam kev, nws tig los ua ib qho kev vam meej - Chanel No. 5 tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.
Yav dhau los thiab tam sim no
Cov khoom, kev tsim khoom, kev siv aldehydes - cov ntsiab lus no tau txaus siab rau perfumers thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau xyoo pua thib ob. Cov naj hoom tsim nrog cov tshuaj no tau hloov pauv, thiab tam sim no nws nyuaj rau xav txog tias thawj Chanel No. 5s zoo li cas. Peb xyoos tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom qub, lub tuam txhab txiav txim siab rov tso cov khoom, tab sis raws li eau de toilette. Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluavtaws tsawg tsawg - qhov kev hloov pauv no tau ua tiav txhob txwm ua. Tseem, thawj cov tshuaj tsw qab aldehyde-tsav los ua extravagant, rau qee qhov teeb tsa lub hom phiaj rau xyoo tom ntej. Lub originality ntawm cov ntsuj plig tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb naj hoom mus txog niaj hnub no.
Perfumery ua ib thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm aldehydes qhib lub ntiaj teb rau lawv cov ilv thiab romantic aroma. Perfume nrog kev suav nrog cov khoom sib xyaw no pib ua suab tsis yooj yim. Tam sim no, muaj txawm tias ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab - floral-aldehyde. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov tebchaw uas siv feem ntau: hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-, undecanal, undecalactone, lauryl aldehydes. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej yam ntxwv ntawm tsw. Qee qhov tsw zoo li cov nyom ntsuab, lwm tus nyiam txiv kab ntxwv, roses, txiv qaub. Undecanal tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws - nws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag. Qee cov aldehydes tsw zoo li violetstxiv kab ntxwv, lilac, wax, peach. Yuav kom tsim tau ib tug naj hoom nrog sau ntawv ntawm lily ntawm lub hav, koj yuav tsum tau siv lilial, thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm narcissus yuav muab suav nrog phenylacetaldehyde. Perfumery ua ib daim ntawv thov rau aldehydes tau dhau los ua lub platform rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas nws thiaj li tau txais, piv txwv li, ib tug naj hoom nrog ib tug jasmine tsw - rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau muab ob peb lub tebchaw nyob rau hauv sib txawv ratios.
Tsis yog yam zoo nkauj xwb
Npaj nyob deb ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev thov rau aldehydes nkaus xwb. Chemistry, tshuaj, kev lag luam - nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam no, ntau hom tshuaj ntawm pab pawg neeg piav qhia yog xav tau. Hauv particular, ethanal thiab methanal yog cov siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam. Methanal yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov phenol-formaldehyde resin - rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog phenol. Resin yog cov khoom pib rau plastics. Kev siv cov aldehydes tso cai rau kev koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv - phenolics. Yog tias tsim nyog los ua cov kua roj vanish, cov resin saum toj no yog tov nrog cawv, acetone kom txog thaum yaj tag.
Methanal tuaj yeem siv tau kom tau txais urea resin, ib qho tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov amino yas. Kev kawm txog cov qauv, cov khoom, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev siv aldehydes ua rau nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau tias cov amino plastics yog cov khoom pib rau microporous raw cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho!
Kev siv aldehydes hauv cov tshuaj muaj ntau haiv neeg, thiab methanal yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev sib xyaw no tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauvtshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, dyes tau txais nrog nws siv.
Tshuaj thiab Chemistry
Kev kawm txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm aldehydes qhia tias cov tshuaj aqueous, 40% muaj cov tshuaj methanal, tuaj yeem nqa cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub hu ua formalin. Ib tug txawv feature yog lub coagulability ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv nws cov cawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo no tau pib siv tsis yog rau kev kho mob nkaus xwb. Raws li kev sim tau pom, yog tias daim tawv nqaij raug kho nrog formalin, nws tau txais hardness, nws tsis ntshai ntawm cov txheej txheem putrefactive. Qhov no ua rau nws siv tau cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam tawv.
Kev siv cov aldehyde methanal tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov tshuaj tuaj yeem piav qhia zoo ib yam. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm formalin tau los ntawm nws, cov protein coagulates, uas txhais tau hais tias nws muaj peev xwm los xyuas kom meej lub neej ntev ntawm kev npaj tshuaj lom neeg. Qee zaum, nws yog formalin uas yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev hnav khaub ncaws, tshuaj tua kab mob cov khoom siv noob.
Qhov thib ob siv aldehyde hauv kev lag luam yog ethanal. Txhua tus kws kho mob paub meej qhov twg acetaldehyde (ethanal) pom kev siv - nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov acetic acid, uas yog qhov xav tau rau ntau yam txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg.
Tshuaj: nta ntawm kev siv aldehydes
Formalin (aka formaldehyde) yog cov kua tsis muaj xim, pom tau yooj yim los ntawm nws cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb. Kev tshawb xyuas cov khoom, qauv, kev siv aldehydes, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias formaldehyde yogQhov no yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev. Koj tuaj yeem siv nws ua ib qho deodorant. Formalin yog siv los ntxuav tes, tawv nqaij, yog tias ib tug neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog hws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv ib feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj. Ib nrab ntawm cov concentration yog txaus los tua cov ntsuas. Formalin muaj nyob rau hauv lysoform, siv rau douching nyob rau hauv ratios ntawm 1:2000 - 1:3000.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm formalin, ethyl cawv, cologne, dej huv yog formidron. Cov tshuaj no tau siv los ua tshuaj kho mob hauv zos thaum tsim nyog los kho cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg muaj kev tawm hws ntau dhau.
Yog tias koj nug tus menyuam kawm ntawv kho mob: "Sau npe siv cov aldehydes," nws yuav tam sim ntawd xav txog cov tshuaj formaldehyde. Nws yog cov tshuaj dawb nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov yam ntxwv aroma ntawm formalin. Cov tshuaj pleev no siv yog tias cov qog hws ua haujlwm dhau lawm. Cov tshuaj yog rubbed rau hauv lub caj dab ib hnub ib zaug. Tej zaum yuav raug siv nyob rau hauv lub creases ntawm tus ntiv tes yog tias thaj chaw ntawd tseem ua rau hws ntau dhau.
Yuav muaj dab tsi ntxiv?
Lysoform yog tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw formaldehyde nrog cawv thiab poov tshuaj xab npum. Formalin thiab xab npum yuav tsum tau noj nyob rau hauv sib npaug proportions, thiab cawv - ib nrab li ntau. Cov tshuaj muaj ib tug deodorizing nyhuv, yog ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws yog siv thaum douching yog tsim nyog, yog li nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv gynecology. Cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj 3% cov khoom xyaw nquag siv rautshuaj ntxuav tes.
Urotropin yog ib yam khoom muab los ntawm aldehyde. Cov khoom yog crystalline, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, yaj sai sai hauv dej, qhia tau hais tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkaline. Dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub urinary ib ntsuj av. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic, cov tshuaj decomposes, ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog formalin. Urotropin yog siv rau ntawm lub plab khoob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej ntawm intolerance, kev phiv ntawm daim ntawv thov yog ua tau. Rau qee qhov (piv txwv li, khaus ntawm lub raum parenchyma), nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nres tam sim ntawd kev kho mob. Urotropin yog dav siv rau cholangitis, cholecystitis, daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag qhov txhab ntawm qhov ua xua.
Urosal ntsiav tshuaj tau tsim ntawm aldehydes. Ntxiv nrog rau urotropin, lawv muaj phenyl salicylate.
Urotropin thiab calcium chloride tau ua ke hauv kev npaj Kalceks. Cov no yog cov ntsiav tshuaj dawb uas yaj sai sai hauv dej. Lawv saj qab ntsev thiab iab. Cov tshuaj yog qhia rau mob khaub thuas. Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev siv yog txog plaub zaug hauv ib hnub rau ob peb ntsiav tshuaj.
Yog tias tsim nyog, hauv zos txwv cov kev ua ntawm pathological microflora (gram-negative, gram-positive), koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj "Ciminal", kuj yog raws li aldehydes. Nws active Cheebtsam txhawb kev kho ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas, normalize lub xeev ntawm lub epithelium. "Ciminal" yog siv sab nraud, yog tias tus neeg mob muaj pyoderma. "Ciminal" yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho mob ntawm qhov kub hnyiab, tsis kho qhov txhab, qhov txhab. Muaj nyob rau hauv ob versions - ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab hmoov. Active compounds yog siv rau cov kab mob. Ntau zaushnav khaub ncaws - txhua 3-4 hnub. Kev siv ntev yuav ua rau mob dermatitis. Ua tau hauv zos kub hnyiab, khaus.
Tshuaj lom neeg
Txawm hais tias muaj kev siv ntau ntawm formalin hauv cov tshuaj, feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog siv los ua ntau yam yas. Ib tug neeg zoo tib yam tsis tshua xav txog kev siv aldehydes hauv lub neej txhua hnub, tab sis yog tsis muaj lawv peb lub neej yuav txawv kiag li: formaldehyde yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam tshuab, khoom siv hluav taws xob. Acetaldehyde yog cov khoom siv raw rau acetic acid, uas kuj tau siv dav hauv ntau yam txheej txheem thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau ethyl cawv. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, hom kev haus cawv tam sim no muaj ntau heev.
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais aldehyde los ntawm oxidizing cawv. Ib txoj hauv kev yog kom incandescent tooj liab xaim kauv hauv qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub teeb cawv. Thaum rhuab, cov khoom tau txais ib txheej tsaus nti - qhov no yog tooj liab oxide. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog cawv, cov hlau regains nws luster. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog nrog los ntawm cov tsos ntawm tus yam ntxwv aldehyde tsw. Txoj kev no yog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim aldehydes hauv kev lag luam. Tshwj xeeb reactors yog siv nyob rau hauv uas tooj liab thiab nyiaj daim phiaj raug ntsia. Cov ntsiab lus no ua kom sov thiab ua rau huab cua saturated nrog methyl cawv los ntawm lawv.
Hauv chav kuaj, aldehyde tuaj yeem tau siv cawv thiab ntau yam oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev. Ib qho kev xaiv yog poov tshuaj permanganate.
Acetaldehyde thiab nws cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv
cheeb tsam lojKev siv acetaldehyde (acetaldehyde) - kev tsim cov acetic acid. Cov tshuaj no yog siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov tshuaj ntau yam. Acetaldehyde yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj Solcoderm nrov, txij li thaum nws tau pom tias acetic acid ua kom cov pob qij txha thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau condylomas. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv cov cim yug yog tias cov kab mob benign.
Koj tuaj yeem yuav 30% kev daws ntawm acetic acid - qhov kev xav tau ntau tshaj li txaus rau lub hom phiaj hauv tsev. Yog tias koj xav siv lub zog tsis muaj zog, koj tuaj yeem siv vinegar - ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv kua qaub - 3-9%.
Daim teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm acetaldehyde yog kev tsim cov kua qaub glacial. Cov tshuaj no pab nrog warts, pob kws, thiab siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev cauterizing. Glacial acid kuj hu ua ntshiab. Lub ntsiab yooj yim ntawm nws siv yog lub peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej dilute mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau concentration. Feem ntau, cov khoom yog crystalline, lub melting point yog 16.7 degrees Celsius, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib txwm chav tsev kub, lub compound yog nyob rau hauv cov kua theem. Glacial acid yaj hauv cawv, dej, ether. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem yaj phosphorus, resin, camphor. Thaum cov protein cuam tshuam nrog nws, coagulation tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog ib tug concentrated tshuaj, tshuaj burns thiab hlwv tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Ntau yam thiab cov ntawv
Hauv nws daim ntawv diluted, acetic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiabcov khoom sib txawv ntawm 30-80%. Cov tshuaj tau tsim nws tus kheej ua keratolytic, txo qhov khaus, yog li nws tau nquag siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev. Zoo li formalin, cov ntsiab lus, ib feem peb muaj acetic acid, pab nrog fungal kab mob, ko taw mycosis. Koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau insoles, khau. Cov tshuaj no yog siv rau ib lub paj rwb swab thiab so nrog nws rau txhua qhov chaw hauv lub khau, ces muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas kaw kom nruj rau ob peb teev. Ua ntej siv, khau yuav tsum tau aired kom txog thaum tsis hnov tsw.
9 feem pua kev daws ntawm acetic aldehyde (acid) derivative yog rooj vinegar. Nws yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, tab sis kuj, yog hais tias tsim nyog, kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ob peb (tsis pub ntau tshaj tsib) tablespoons kua yog muab coj mus rau hauv ib khob dej huv, qhov tshwm sim yog kho nrog kab-tom chaw, foci ntawm urticaria, khaus.
Undiluted vinegar siv tau yog tias cov ntshauv uas tau muab faib rau hauv tawv taub hau yuav tsum muab tshem tawm. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom ua ib lub decoction ntawm calamus keeb kwm nrog vinegar. Nws ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau alopecia. Nettle nplooj vinegar siv tib txoj kev.
Kuv puas muaj tshuaj lom?
Acetaldehyde khoom - acetic acid - ib yam khoom uas muaj cov nyhuv saum npoo, uas txawv ntawm inorganic acids, tab sis lwm yam kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li pab pawg no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lom, acid vapors nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv tso tawm, provoking mob ntsws loj heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lom, hemolysis, hemoglobinuria raug soj ntsuam. lethal ntim rauIb tug neeg suav hais tias yog 15 ml ntawm anhydrous acid, 40 ml ntawm essence, 300 ml ntawm lub rooj vinegar.
Ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm tus neeg tuag, acetic acid tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov ntxhiab tsw. Tshuaj lom yog nrog los ntawm hepatic hemorrhage, necrotic foci, nephrosis nrog necrolysis, hemolysis.
Lwm hom: kev siv
Kev siv cov butyric aldehyde feem ntau yog cov organic synthesis tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov catalysts rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv roj hmab vulcanization. Butanal kuj yog ib qho khoom qab zib uas tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.
Isobutyric yog ib daim ntawv ntawm aldehyde siv los ua qhov nruab nrab. Tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm synthesis ntawm catalysts, roj hmab antioxidants. Nws yog siv los tsim cov amino acids. Isobutyric aldehyde yog nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv perfumery, tsim cov aromatic additives, thiab plasticizers. Siv los ua ib qho tshuaj ntxiv ntawm cov roj av.
Crotonic - ib daim ntawv ntawm aldehyde, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov kua qaub ntawm tib lub npe, surfactant. Cov tshuaj yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov chemotherapeutic compounds, tshuaj tua kab. Crotonaldehyde tuaj yeem yaj PVC, yog li nws yog siv los ua ib qho inhibitor hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vinyl polymerization. Lub compound yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov catalysts rau roj hmab vulcanization. Crotonaldehyde yog ib feem ntawm lubricants, ib yam khoom rau tanning tawv. Siv los ua qhov taw qhia ntawm qee cov pa roj, siv rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kav dej, xau.
YGlutaraldehyde thiab ketals
Glutaraldehyde yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob nrov. Nws tau raug pov thawj zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob. Tso cai rau koj kom tshem tau cov kab mob, kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam txias ntawm cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab khoom siv. Tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv kev lag luam tawv - tannin. Glutaraldehyde yog siv los ua ib qho khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv kho mob thiab yog dav siv rau embalming. P-dioxane yog cov khoom siv ntoo zoo siv hauv cov xim da dej, kev lag luam textile. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv luam ntawv, xim, vim nws yog ib tug zoo wetting tus neeg saib xyuas, dispersant. Kuv tau tswj los siv nws rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, kua nplaum, xim tshem tawm, kua roj vanish.
Ketals yog cov tebchaw uas nquag siv los ua cov yas thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Lawv kuj tau siv los ua cov neeg nruab nrab hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lawv provoke lub hardening ntawm ntuj adhesives (piv txwv li, casein). Dichloroethylformal tau dhau los ua ib qho hnyav, ib qho hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev tsim cov roj hmab dag (polysulfide hom). Dimethoxymethane yog siv rau kev tsim cov naj hoom, roj, thiab tshuaj pleev. Tshuaj dissolves coatings, adhesives.
Yuav ua li cas txo qhov txaus ntshai?
Ib feem pua ntawm cov aldehydes yog cov tshuaj tsis haum, uas muaj qhov pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub. Twb tau nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, cov kua no tuaj yeem tsim cov vapors uas yooj yim tawg nyob rau hauv qee yam mob. RauKev tawg, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua haujlwm nrog qis tshaj ntawm tsev neeg aldehyde. Cov tshuaj suav hais tias yog qhov txaus ntshai dua, cov saw hlau uas tau hloov pauv lossis tsis txaus ntseeg.
Thaum tsim cov chaw tsim khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav ua ntej yuav ua li cas txo qis kev sib cuag nrog aldehydes, yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tawg. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov kua dej, nrog rau cov kua dej kom zoo, txhawm rau txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov xau. Yog tias nws tau npaj siv aldehyde, uas muaj cov khoom ua kom zoo, hauv kev tsim khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog nws, ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev coj ua nrog cov khoom ntawm cov chav kawm no.
Ib feem pua ntawm cov paub aldehydes tuaj yeem ua mob rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Thaum ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum siv kev tiv thaiv tus kheej. Rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, cov ntaub thaiv npog yas yog siv. Yog tias muaj kev tso cai, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv aprons, khau tshwj xeeb, tiv thaiv tes. Txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov ciav dej kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ntxuav lawv lub qhov muag raws li xav tau. Lub tuam txhab yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub koom haum ntawm pej xeem da dej, kev cob qhia neeg ua hauj lwm: cov neeg ua hauj lwm yuav tsum muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom los xyuas kom meej kev tiv thaiv tus kheej.
Aldehydes thiab phom sij
Ntau tshaj aldehydes yog txaus ntshai. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij, ua pa ntawm lub cev, thiab cov mucous membranes. Rau qhov ntau dua, qhov no yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg qis, nrog halogens hauv cov saw hlau hloov, cov ntawv tsis txaus.
Qee aldehydes muaj cov nyhuv analgesic, tab sis nws manifests nws tus kheejtom qab txiav ib qho. Lub toxicity ntawm aldehydes sib txawv. Piv txwv li, qee yam aldehydes los ntawm aliphatic, cov tshuaj tsw qab yog sib cais sai, yog li tsis muaj kev phom sij los ntawm lawv txhua. Lwm tus yog carcinogens, xav tias carcinogens, uas txhais tau hais tias kev sib cuag nrog lawv yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Muaj cov tshuaj mutagens thiab cov tebchaw uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum. Qee cov aldehydes yog hypnotic.
