Ob lub neej ntawm Hungarian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev

Cov txheej txheem:

Ob lub neej ntawm Hungarian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev
Ob lub neej ntawm Hungarian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev
Anonim

Thaum lawv siv lub sijhawm keeb kwm "Hungarian People's Republic", lawv txhais tau tias lub sijhawm muaj nyob ntawm lub xeev no: txij xyoo 1949 txog 1989. Lub sij hawm ntawm domination nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm tsuas yog nom tswv quab yuam - lub Hungarian Socialist Workers 'Part. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj thawj lub koom pheej Hungarian, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis kav ntev. Western historiography dubbed nws li no: Hungarian Democratic Republic of 1918-1919. Kab lus qhia luv luv txog keeb kwm ntawm Hungarian statehood nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th.

Hungarian neeg lub koom pheej
Hungarian neeg lub koom pheej

Hungarian People's Republic 1918-1919

Hungary yog ib feem ntawm Austro-Hungarian Empire, uas tau swb rau thawj Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau kev xav hauv zej zog. Cov neeg feem coob pom qhov ua rau lawv cov teeb meem hauv huab tais. Yog li ntawd, bourgeois-democratic kiv puag ncig yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib raug zoo-kev lag luam sib txawv.

1918-16-11 ib lub xeev tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv qhia kev nom kev tswv hauv ntiaj teb - Hungarian People's Republic. Qhov no tau dhau los ua tau tom qab tus huab tais ntawm Hungary, Charles 1, tshem tawm lub hwj chim. Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub xeev tshiab yog suav Mihai Karolyi (hauvqee qhov chaw Karaya).

Lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv ntawm Hungary tsis txaus siab rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev los rau lub hwj chim ntawm bourgeoisie. Muaj txoj hauv kev zoo ntawm kev yeej (nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm feem coob ntawm cov tub rog, cov proletariat, ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb), nws tau ua cov kauj ruam tiag tiag los npaj rau kev tawm tsam socialist. Thawj theem, cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm kev tsim khoom tau tsim. Cov Social Democrats nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau xav txog kev sib koom tes nrog Communist.

Tus Entente cuam tshuam rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, ua rau nyuaj rau txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg socialists. Cov teb chaws vam meej nyob rau hauv qhov kawg thov kom tsis lees txais ib feem ntawm Hungarian thaj chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nyiam ntawm haiv neeg tsawg.

Hungarian People's Republic 1918 1919
Hungarian People's Republic 1918 1919

Socialist kiv puag ncig

Lub xeev tsis muaj nws cov tub rog lawm. Kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag kev puas tsuaj tau kav ib ncig. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev sib koom ua ke yog qhov tsim nyog. Cov Social Democrats, los ntawm lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab los koom ua ke nrog cov Communist, tau txais lub zog tag nrho. Tsoomfwv Karolyi tsis muaj kev xaiv tsuas yog tawm haujlwm. Tsoom fwv tau hloov, nrog rau lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm Hungarian People's Republic (1918-1919). Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Revolutionary tau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub hwj chim hauv Hungarian Soviet koom pheej.

Second Hungarian Republic

USSR ua rau muaj kev poob siab rau Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab nws cov phoojywg, cov uas yog Hungary. Tam sim no thaj chaw tau tswj los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Kev xaiv tsa ywj pheejcoalition tsoom fwv dhau nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub Soviet sab. Qhov tshwm sim yog tias cov lus tseem ceeb tau raug coj los ntawm cov neeg Communist.

1947 tau cim los ntawm kev xaiv tsa tsis tu ncua. Cov Hungarian communists, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, tsuas yog ntes txhua tus neeg tawm tsam. Hnub tim - 1949-18-08, cim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tsab cai lij choj tshiab hauv Hungary. Raws li nws, txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm raug tshem tawm, thiab lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws hloov. Hungarian People's Republic tau rov tshwm sim.

hungarian pej xeem's photo
hungarian pej xeem's photo

1956 kev tawm tsam

Hungary pib siv zog los tsim kom muaj txoj kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub tebchaws. Kev tsim txom, kev ntshai, kev sib sau ua ke, kev ntiab tawm ntawm cov bourgeoisie los ntawm cov nroog, tom qab tsov rog kev puas tsuaj, kev xav tau them nyiaj rau cov teb chaws yeej - tag nrho cov no ua rau lub neej nyuaj rau cov pej xeem.

Txoj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis yuav ya mus rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov chav kawm uas tau pom zoo los ntawm Moscow. Qhov no ua rau cov kev xav tawm tsam Soviet, uas tom qab ntawd tau nce mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam (1956), coj los ntawm Hungarian Prime Minister Imre Nagy.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau raug txwv nruj heev. Daim duab ntawm Hungarian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd ntes qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua phem rau ob tog: kev tua pej xeem thiab tsim txom ntawm cov neeg tawg rog. Cov xwm txheej hauv Hungary ua rau Kremlin xav. Qhov no yog thawj lub cim qhia tias European communist system tau tawg. Kev sib sau tau khaws cia tsuas yog ua tsaug rau Soviet bayonets.

Hungarian People's Republic 1949 1989
Hungarian People's Republic 1949 1989

Kev tawg ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv Hungary

WoHauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm Hungarian People's Republic (1949-1989), cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim tom qab Hungarian Labor Party tau los ua lub zog (tom qab ntawd, tom qab 1956 kev tawm tsam, lub npe tau hloov mus rau Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party). Kev txiav txim, kev tswj hwm, kev tswj hwm tus kheej tau hloov kho.

Censorship yog kev ywj pheej, thiab cov pej xeem ntawm lub tebchaws no tuaj yeem mus txawv tebchaws yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem socialist, Hungarian People's Republic tau ua tiav zoo. Muaj kev xyaum tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom ntawm no - USSR tau muab kev txhawb nqa dav rau nws cov phooj ywg.

Thaum kawg ntawm 80s, European socialist bloc pib tawg. Socialism tau ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau nws txoj haujlwm hauv txhua lub tebchaws ntawm Warsaw Pact. Ib-tog systems raug tshem tawm. Cov no yog thawj qhov kev sim ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej thiab lees paub cov txiaj ntsig kev ywj pheej.

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