Ntau zaus peb hnov: " qub style", "tshiab style", " qub style hnub", "xyoo tshiab", thiab cov kab lus zoo li no. Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov tseeb, yog vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Kab lus no tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab uas peb siv niaj hnub no, nws tuaj txog li cas, leej twg tsim nws, leej twg ntawm popes hloov kho daim ntawv qhia hnub.
Qhia txog daim ntawv qhia hnub
Muaj kev xav tias Mayan daim ntawv qhia hnub yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab thiab nkag siab nws. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub ua tib zoo saib lub hnub thiab khaws lub hnub ci hnub ci: ib lub hnub ci lawv muaj 365 hnub, 12 lub hlis, thiab txhua hli raws nraim peb caug hnub. Tsib hnub uas ploj lawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, lawv tau ntxiv rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo "raws li tus vajtswv behest."
Cov neeg Loos thaum ub siv daim ntawv qhia hnub hli, hu ua lub hli los ntawm lub npeRoman gods, muaj 10 lub hlis hauv ib xyoos. Tom qab ntawd, Caesar qhia txog Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov neeg Iyiv: nws tau teem caij pib lub xyoo rau Lub Ib Hlis 1, thiab ua rau lub hli 30, 31, 28 hnub, 29 xyoo leap. Lub Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub pib suav los ntawm kev tsim ntawm Rome - los ntawm 753 BC. e., nws yog invented los ntawm ancient Roman astronomers, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub zog ntawm lub hnub, hnub qub thiab lub hli. Nws yog kev cai nyob rau hauv Russia hu nws "kub daim ntawv qhia hnub".
Yuav ua li cas cov popes hloov kho daim ntawv qhia hnub
Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub ua yuam kev, dhau lub sijhawm hnub qub, yog li txhua xyoo 11 feeb ntxiv. Lub sijhawm rau kev pom zoo ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub yog siav: los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, hnub ntawm vernal equinox, thaum nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj ntawm tib ntev - Lub Peb Hlis 21, raws li Easter tau txiav txim siab, tsiv kaum ib hnub rau pem hauv ntej. Lub Koom Txoos Catholic xav tau daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab, lawv yuav tsum xam hnub Easter kom nws poob rau hnub Sunday nyob ze ntawm vernal equinox. Cov lus nug tshwm sim raws li qhov twg ntawm cov popes ua kev hloov kho ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub. Nws paub tias daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab tau tsim los ntawm Italian astronomer Luigi Lilio. Ib txhiab xyoo tom qab Julius Caesar, Pope Gregory XIII tau qhia ib daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab thiab muab nws lub npe hu ua Gregorian.
Ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe tam sim ntawd ua raws li nws tus yam ntxwv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov neeg koom nrog ntau tom qab: piv txwv li, xyoo 1752 - Tebchaws Askiv, thiab tim Nkij teb chaws, Qaib ntxhw, Egypt - xyoo 1924-1928. Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub hli thiab hnub qub, nws yog qhov nyuaj duaJulian.
Qhov txawv ntawm Julian thiab Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub
Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog ntawm lub hnub, hnub qub thiab lub hli, thiab Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub tsuas yog nyob ntawm lub hnub, yog li lub hnub ci xyoo tseem hu ua tropical. Txhua xyoo Julian thib plaub yog xyoo leap (29 hnub hauv Lub Ob Hlis thiab 366 hnub hauv ib xyoos), txoj kev tshiab zoo sib xws, tab sis muaj qhov zam: yog tias lub xyoo tsis faib los ntawm 400 thiab xaus rau ob xoom (piv txwv li, 2300., 2200, 2100, 1900, 1800, 1700), ces nws tsis yog leap xyoo. Rau plaub centuries, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qub thiab tshiab style nce 3 hnub. Christmas thaum pib coincided nrog hnub ntawm lub caij ntuj no solstice - Kaum Ob Hlis 21, tab sis maj mam pib hloov mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv lub XX-XXI centuries Catholics ua kev zoo siab rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25 raws li qub style, Orthodox - 13 hnub tom qab, los ntawm 2101 cov hnub. ntawm cov hnub so yuav yog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 26 thiab Lub Ib Hlis 8 raws.
Daim ntawv qhia hnub hauv Russia
Txog txog X xyoo pua hauv tebchaws Russia, Xyoo Tshiab pib thaum Lub Peb Hlis (Lub Peb Hlis style), tom qab ntawd Russia hloov mus rau Byzantine chronology, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo tau pauv mus rau lub Cuaj Hli 1 (September style). Cov neeg Lavxias tau pib ua kev zoo siab Xyoo Tshiab ob zaug hauv ib xyoos - thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1 thiab Cuaj Hlis 1.
Peter I, ua raws li cov neeg European, tau tsiv lub Xyoo Tshiab mus rau Lub Ib Hlis 1, lub sijhawm pib suav txij li Tswv Yexus yug los. Tus huab tais xav kom txhua tus ua kev zoo siab rau ib leeg rau lub Xyoo Tshiab, muab khoom plig thiab kho lub tsev nrog cov ntoo coniferous.
Lub sijhawm pom zoo ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub yog Soviet. V. I. Lenin tau kos npe rau tsab cai no thaum Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1918xyoo.
Tab sis lub Koom Txoos Lavxias Orthodox tsis pom zoo rau nws, txhua lub tsev teev ntuj hnub so tuaj raws li Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub mus txog hnub no. Peb muaj ob lub Xyoo Tshiab hnub so - Lub Ib Hlis 1 (Gregorian) thiab Lub Ib Hlis 13 (Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub), cov neeg Lavxias ib txwm nyiam ua cov hnub so Xyoo Tshiab. Raws li lub tsev teev ntuj canons, Christmas yuav tsum tuaj ntxov tshaj lub Xyoo Tshiab, cov ntseeg yoo mov rau Lub ib hlis ntuj 1, kev lom zem thiab zaub mov ntau tshaj yog txwv tsis pub, yoo mov xaus rau lub ib hlis ntuj 7 - hnub ntawm Orthodox Christmas. Xyoo tshiab tsis muaj cov tais diav thiab lub siab zoo siab yog qhov tho txawv, yog li nws yog qhov tseeb los ua kev zoo siab rau lub Ib Hlis 13.
Hnub no
Qee lub tebchaws Esxias thiab Arab, cov neeg Muslim thiab cov ntseeg siv lawv tus kheej daim ntawv qhia hnub. Thaib, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Laos, Myanmar nyob raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub hli, hauv Ethiopia daim ntawv qhia hnub yog 8 xyoo tom qab. Pakistan, Iran tsuas siv daim ntawv qhia hnub Islamic xwb. Hauv Is Nrias teb, cov pab pawg sib txawv siv sijhawm sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv Nyiv, Tuam Tshoj, cov neeg Ixayees lawv nyob raws li Gregorian style, thiab rau hnub caiv kev cai dab qhuas lawv siv lawv tus kheej daim ntawv qhia hnub. Feem coob ntawm lub tebchaws siv Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub, thiab ob peb tus neeg txaus siab rau qhov twg ntawm popes tau ua qhov kev hloov pauv. Julian style yog siv los ntawm Orthodox pawg ntseeg ntawm Yeluxalees, Serbia, Georgia, Russia, Gregorian tshiab - los ntawm pawg ntseeg Catholic thiab Protestant. Lub ntiaj teb secular nyob raws li Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Nws cia siab tias Gregorian style yuav txuas ntxiv mus thiab yuav tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv nrog rau daim ntawv qhia hnub.
