Cell organoids yog cov qauv ruaj khov uas ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub neej - kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, kev faib thiab kev tsim tawm, thiab lwm yam. Eukaryotic (nuclear) hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab yuav luag zoo tib yam ntawm cov organelles, thaum lub hlwb prokaryotic (non-nuclear) muaj cov qauv qub thiab tsis muaj ntau cov organelles.
Cell organelles, nyob ntawm seb muaj cov khoom siv hauv daim nyias nyias, muab faib ua cov tsis-membrane thiab membranous. Cov organelles uas tsis yog-membrane muaj xws li: ribosomes thiab centrioles thiab organelles ntawm kev txav (microtubules thiab microfilaments). Ribosomes yog sib npaug los yog elongated lub cev, muaj ob chav nyob - loj thiab me. Ua ke nrog ib leeg, ribosomes tsim polysomes. Cov organelle no muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic hlwb. Ribosomes ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, vim lawv yog cov uas sib sau cov proteins los ntawm cov amino acids. Centrioles yog lub tog raj kheej hollow uas yog tsim los ntawm triplets thiab microtubules. Centrioles tsim lub cell chaw, uas koom nrog hauv cell division. Organelles ntawm kev txavyog cov raj hollow lossis filaments uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim dawb hauv cytoplasm lossis yog ib feem ntawm flagella, cilia, faib spindle.
Membrane cell organelles muab faib ua ib- thiab ob-membrane. Rau ib leeg-membrane
yog: EPS (endoplasmic membrane), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuole (pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab unicellular tsiaj).
Endoplasmic reticulum - ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab thiab kab noj hniav uas nkag mus rau tag nrho cov cell. Nws muab faib ua du thiab ntxhib. Smooth ER muaj cov enzymes uas koom nrog hauv carbohydrate thiab rog metabolism. Rough ER koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov protein, uas tshwm sim hauv ribosomes txuas rau nws.
Cov cuab yeej (teeb meem) ntawm Golgi yog cov kab noj hniav uas txuas nrog EPS. Nws nquag koom nrog hauv cov metabolism thiab tsim cov lysosomes.
Lysosomes yog me me, lub cev sib npaug uas muaj cov enzyme uas tuaj yeem, yog tias tsim nyog, rhuav tshem cov organelles thiab tag nrho cov hlwb. Ua haujlwm tiv thaiv.
Ob-membrane organelles ntawm tes - mitochondria thiab plastids inherent nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Lawv feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ob daim nyias nyias, sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Lub txheej (sab nrauv) daim nyias nyias ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib pauv thiab sib txuas cov organelles nrog rau lwm cov khoom ntawm lub xovtooj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim nyias nyias folds, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm uas tau ntim nrog cov matrix - cov khoom ua kua. Lub puab folds ntawm mitochondria yog hu ua cristae, thiab plastids- chloroplasts - grana. Cov cell organelles muaj RNA thiab DNA. Mitochondria synthesize ATP, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau lub zog ntawm plastids yuav nyob ntawm seb lawv cov xim - tsis muaj xim (lossis leukoplasts) khaws cov carbohydrates, tshwj xeeb yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab; daj, txiv kab ntxwv, liab (los yog chromoplasts) - muab xim rau paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo; ntsuab chloroplasts - muab cov synthesis ntawm ATP thiab carbohydrates.
Lub ntsiab organelles ntawm tes, koom ua ke los ntawm cytoplasm thiab daim nyias nyias, tsim ib qho kev sib koom ua ke.
