Kev khawb av Archaeological yog qhib txheej txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb txhawm rau kawm txog cov monuments ntawm qhov chaw qub. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem no ua rau kev puas tsuaj ib nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov av. Tsis zoo li kev sim hauv chav sim, nws tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav archaeological ntawm qhov chaw. Txhawm rau qhib av, hauv ntau lub xeev yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv Russia (thiab ua ntej ntawd nyob rau hauv RSFSR), "qhib nplooj ntawv" - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tso cai - yog kos rau ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences. Kev ua haujlwm zoo li no hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation thaum tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg yog kev ua txhaum cai.
Base for excavation
Daim av npog zoo li nce hauv huab hwm coj ntau dhau sijhawm, ua rau maj mam zais cov khoom cuav. Nws yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv qhov kev tshawb pom uas qhib lub ntiaj teb txheej tau ua tiav. Kev nce hauv av tuab tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntau qhov laj thawj:
- Natural tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov av, tsim, piv txwv li, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lwj ntawm cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuag.
- Cosmic plua plav nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
- Kua pov tseg los ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no.
- Kev thauj mus los ntawm cov av hais los ntawm cua.
Tasks
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, ua cov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los, yog kev kawm txog lub monument thaum ub thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem keeb kwm. Rau kev kawm dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem kab lis kev cai, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum nws qhib rau tag nrho qhov tob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias qhov kev txaus siab ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tshwj xeeb tsis suav nrog. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog ib feem qhib ntawm lub monument yog ua los ntawm kev siv zog ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem. Qee qhov archaeological excavations, nyob ntawm lawv qhov nyuaj, tuaj yeem kav ntev xyoo thiab ntau xyoo. Tej hauj lwm tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm keeb kwm monuments. Ntxiv nrog rau archaeological, muaj lwm hom excavation, hu ua "kev ruaj ntseg". Raws li txoj cai lij choj, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation lawv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ua ntej kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev thiab ntau yam qauv. Vim tsis li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov monuments ntawm antiquity muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho yuav ploj mus ib txhis.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev kawm txog keeb kwm khoompib nrog txoj kev tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li kev yees duab, ntsuas thiab piav qhia. Yog tias nws tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov kev taw qhia thiab thickness ntawm cov kab lis kev cai txheej, suab yog ua tiav, trench lossis pits yog khawb. Cov cuab yeej no kuj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav ib yam khoom uas nws qhov chaw paub tsuas yog los ntawm cov ntawv sau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog siv tsawg, vim tias lawv ua rau cov txheej txheem kev coj noj coj ua, uas tseem muaj txiaj ntsig keeb kwm.
Technology ntawm qhib lub ntiaj teb
Tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab tshem tawm cov khoom keeb kwm yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov duab thaij duab. Ua archaeological excavations nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog nrog los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kev cai nruj. Lawv raug pom zoo nyob rau hauv qhov "Regulations". Cov ntaub ntawv tsom mus rau qhov xav tau rau kev kos duab zoo. Tsis ntev los no, lawv tau nce ntxiv hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob siv cov tshuab computer tshiab.
Archaeological excavations hauv Russia
Tsis ntev tas los no, Lavxias teb sab archaeologists luam tawm cov npe ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrhiav tau ntawm 2010. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm no yog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis hauv lub nroog Torzhok, archaeological excavations hauv Jericho. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub nroog Yaroslavl tau lees paub. Kaum ob ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau nruab txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws European ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, nyob rau hauv qee qhov ntawm cov neeg Esxiasthaj tsam ntawm lub teb chaws thiab txawm txawv teb chaws, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia, Central Asia thiab lub Svalbard archipelago. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum, Nikolai Makarov, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov xov xwm rooj sab laj, nyob rau hauv 2010 lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences ua 36 expeditions nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Ntxiv mus, tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, thiab tus so - txawv teb chaws. Nws kuj tau paub tias kwv yees li 50% ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm lub xeev cov peev nyiaj, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb xws li Lavxias Foundation for Basic Research thiab Lavxias Humanitarian Science Foundation. Thaum lwm qhov ntawm cov peev txheej npaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntsig txog kev khaws cia ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam archaeological tau faib los ntawm cov tub ua lag luam-tsim.
Fanagoria Research
Raws li N. Makarov, xyoo 2010 kuj tseem muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm monuments ntawm ancient sij hawm. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm Phanagoria, lub nroog loj tshaj plaws thaum ub pom nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia, thiab lub peev thib ob ntawm lub nceeg vaj Bosporan. Lub sijhawm no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog cov tsev ntawm acropolis, thiab pom lub tsev loj, uas nws hnub nyoog rov qab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 4 BC. e. Tag nrho cov archaeological excavations nyob rau hauv Phanagoria yog ua nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm keeb kwm Sciences Vladimir Kuznetsov. Nws yog nws uas tau txheeb xyuas lub tsev pom tias yog lub tsev rau pej xeem, nyob rau hauv uas lub xeev cov rooj sib tham tau tuav ib zaug. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm lub tsev no yog lub hearth, nyob rau hauv uasua ntej, qhov hluav taws kub tau tswj txhua hnub. Nws ntseeg tias ntev npaum li nws cov nplaim taws ci, lub xeev lub neej ntawm lub nroog qub yuav tsis nres.
Tshawb nrhiav hauv Sochi
Lwm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm 2010 yog qhov kev khawb hauv lub peev ntawm 2014 Olympics. Ib pawg kws tshawb fawb coj los ntawm Vladimir Sedov, Tus Kws Kho Mob Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm - tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum Archaeology, tau tshawb fawb ze ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm Lavxias Railways davhlau ya nyob twg ze lub zos Veseloye. Ntawm no, tom qab ntawd, qhov seem ntawm lub tuam tsev Byzantine ntawm IX-XI centuries tau pom.
Kev khawb hauv lub zos Krutik
Qhov no yog kev lag luam thiab khoom siv tes ua ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, nyob hauv hav zoov ntawm Belozorye, Vologda Oblast. Archaeological excavations nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no yog coj los ntawm Sergey Zakharov, tus neeg sib tw ntawm Keeb Kwm Sciences. Nyob rau hauv 2010, 44 npib minted nyob rau hauv Central Asia, lub teb chaws ntawm lub caliphate thiab Middle East tau pom ntawm no. Cov tub lag luam siv lawv los them cov pluas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nuj nqis nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Arab.
Achaeological excavations. Crimea
Cov ntaub thaiv keeb kwm ntawm thaj chaw no tau raug tshem tawm ntau vim yog txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb uas feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm no. Qee qhov kev mus ncig ua si tau mus rau xyoo. Ntawm lawv: "Kulchuk", "Seagull", "Belyaus", "Kalos-Limen", "Cembalo" thiab ntau lwm tus. Yog tias koj xav mus rau archaeological excavations, koj tuaj yeem koom nrog pab pawg neeg pab dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj cai, cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb yuav tsum them nyiaj rau lawv nyob hauv lub tebchaws ntawm lawv tus kheej. Hauv Crimeantau qhov kev mus ncig ua si tau ua tiav, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv yog lub sijhawm luv luv. Hauv qhov no, pawg loj me me. Kev tshawb fawb yog ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm.
