Ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, qhov chaw hla ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no

Cov txheej txheem:

Ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, qhov chaw hla ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no
Ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, qhov chaw hla ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no
Anonim

Txoj kab ntawm kev faib thaj chaw ntawm ob lub xeev nyob sib ze muaj ntau dua ib zaug dhau los ua kev tawm tsam, kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev cog lus. Tam sim no ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Poland tau tsim tom qab kawg ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Lub sab hnub poob tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws "Normeln" nyob rau ntawd. Ciam teb yog saib xyuas los ntawm Lavxias Ciam Teb Kev Pabcuam, uas yog ib feem ntawm FSB.

Kev faib tawm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas

Polish-Lithuanian Lub Tebchaws
Polish-Lithuanian Lub Tebchaws

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev faib lub xeev uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1569 los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Lithuania thiab Poland tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Tus huab tais, xaiv los ntawm cov nom tswv, nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov aristocrats thiab feem ntau tsis muaj hwj chim hauv nws qhov kev ua. Pawg ntawm cov nom tswv Polish tau tsis tu ncua ntawm ib leeg. Los ntawm qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Lub Tebchaws tau dhau los ua lub xeev tsis muaj zog, tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov neeg zej zog muaj zog: Prussia, Austria thiab Russia. Qhov kawg ntawm Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog tau pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Prussia. Kev sib cog lus ntawm cov phoojywg, xaus rau xyoo 1764 hauv St. Petersburg, yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev faib cov chaw ntawm Poland. Xyoo 1772, 1793 thiab 1793 Austria, Prussia thiab Russia tau tsim peb qhov kev faib tawm ntawm Lub Tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, ciam teb ntawm lub xeev tau hloov tas li. Yog li ntawd, Poland poob nws lub xeev; Nws thaj chaw mus txog 1918 yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, Prussia thiab Austria.

Riga kev thaj yeeb nrog Poland

Polish Lancers 1920
Polish Lancers 1920

Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Polish Lub Plaub Hlis 25, 1920 pib ua tsov rog ntawm Soviet Russia tawm tsam Poland. Ib hlis tom qab ntawd, Tub Rog Liab tau pib tawm tsam thiab, tom qab ua tiav kev ua tiav, tau mus txog txoj hauv kev mus rau Warsaw thiab Lvov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam ntawm Polish cov tub rog, Red Army raug yuam kom thim tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov kev puas tsuaj loj yuam kom tsoomfwv Soviet sib tham nrog "dawb" Poland. Kev ua tsov ua rog xaus nrog kev kos npe ntawm kev sib haum xeeb hauv Riga (Lub Peb Hlis 18, 1921).

Kev sib tham hauv kev ua tiav

Cov lus pom zoo ntawm USSR los kos tus ciam teb Russia-Polish raws txoj kab Curzon tau pom tsis zoo los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Poland. Cov kws tshaj lij tau hais tias nws ua rau lawv nco txog kev txaj muag ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas, tau ua nyob rau hauv 1795. Tso tseg lawv cov phiaj xwm qub los thawb ciam teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau ciam teb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, uas yog, mus rau Western Dvina thiab Dnieper, cov Poles txiav txim siab kos duab. ciam teb raws ib kab coinciding nrog cov kab ntawm Russia-German pem hauv ntej 1915-1917 Tus Minister of Foreign Affairs ntawm Poland tau hais tias qhov kev faib tawm no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias muaj kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob rau yav dhau los kab. Cov neeg txhawb nqaTib neeg txoj kev ywj pheej Poland coj txoj haujlwm uas nws tsis tsim nyog suav nrog hauv lub tebchaws cov cheeb tsam uas nyob hauv cov pej xeem kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev cai dab qhuas neeg txawv teb chaws rau Poles. Cov cwj pwm no tau qhia los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg sawv cev Polish J. Dombski. Kev faib tawm raws cov kab hauv ntej tau tso cai rau Poland kom tau txais thaj chaw uas muaj neeg coob coob los ntawm Catholics.

Daim ntawv cog lus tau mus txog

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, Poland tau tso thaj chaw nyob sab hnub tuaj ntawm Curzon kab nrog cov neeg tsis yog neeg Polish feem ntau: Western Ukraine (ib feem ntawm Volyn xeev), Western Belarus (ib feem ntawm Grodno xeev) thiab ib feem ntawm qee lub xeev qub ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.

Pib faib tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II

G. Mlynari, niaj hnub Poland 1945
G. Mlynari, niaj hnub Poland 1945

Thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm txoj kev hla av ciam teb sib cais thaj chaw ntawm cov xeev nyob sib ze tau rov qab rau lub Ob Hlis 1945. Nws tau npaj los kos ciam teb raws tus dej Pregel thiab Pissa. Qhov xwm txheej tau nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov nroog nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv (tsis hais sab twg lawv nyob ntawm) tau koom nrog Soviet Union. Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim thawj zaug ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Lub Xeev tau ua tiav, qee lub nroog ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad niaj hnub no yuav dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Tebchaws Poland.

Kos npe ntawm 1945 ciam teb treaty
Kos npe ntawm 1945 ciam teb treaty

Nyob rau ntawm Soviet-Polish kev sib tham uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub rooj sib tham Potsdam thaum Lub Yim Hli 1945, qhov kev txiav txim siab tau hloov kho. RSFSR kuj tau txais ib qho me me ntawm thaj chaw. Tus ciam teb tshiab ntawm Russia thiab Poland tau kos raws sab qaum tebciam teb ntawm German thaj chaw. Tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov xaus ntawm kev cog lus, kev hloov pauv ntawm pej xeem lub zog pib. Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ib feem ntawm East Prussia, uas tau ncaim tebchaws Poland, tau pauv mus rau tsoomfwv tus kheej.

Hloov ciam teb

Tshaj plawg xav tsis txog rau sab Polish, twb thaum kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli-pib Lub Kaum Hli 1945, kev hloov pauv pib. Cov neeg qub qub tau hais tias cov tub rog Soviet tuaj rau kev sib haum xeeb, uas ua tau los ua Polish, thiab muab cov txwj laus tso tawm. Ua li no, ib feem ntawm lub nroog qub German, twb tau nyob los ntawm cov neeg Polish, dhau mus rau Soviet Union.

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, Moscow txiav txim siab txav ciam teb 40 km mus rau sab qab teb, mus rau tebchaws Poland. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1946, los ntawm kev sib tham, tus thawj coj, tab sis tsis yog qhov kawg, kev tsim ntawm ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Poland tau tshwm sim. Hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej no, txog xyoo 1956, cov duab hloov pauv 16 zaug.

Tam sim no

Hav zoov seem ntawm ciam teb Russia-Polish
Hav zoov seem ntawm ciam teb Russia-Polish

Feem ntau Poland muaj ciam teb nrog Russia. Cov kab niaj hnub no yog nthuav nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis yog khi rau thaj chaw khoom thiab sau kwv yees li ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim. Tag nrho ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Poland coincides nrog ciam teb ntawm lub Kaliningrad cheeb tsam, lub westernmost cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov seem ntawm tus ciam teb nyob yog fenced tawm ntawm lwm qhov ntawm cheeb tsam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov qauv, thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom mus txog qhov ntawd. Tsis muaj kev sib hais nyob rau ntawd thiab. Tag nrho ntev ntawm ciam teb yog 204 km; ntawm uas - me ntsis tsawg dua 1 km dhau los ntawm cov pas dej, qhov seem - av ciam teb. Nyob rau sab qab teb, ciam tebpib ntawm lub ntsiab lus cais thaj chaw ntawm peb lub xeev: Lithuania, Poland thiab Russia. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb, uas tseem yog ciam teb nrog European Union, yog ua los ntawm Lavxias ciam teb kev pabcuam ntawm ib sab thiab Polish ciam teb rau lwm qhov.

Pom zoo: