Southern Bessarabia yog ib thaj chaw uas, raws li kev ua tsov rog Crimean, raug xa mus rau Moldavian Thawj Tswj Hwm hauv xyoo 1856. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm yav tas los nrog Wallachia, cov av no tau los ua ib feem ntawm vassal Romania. Berlin Treaty ntawm 1878 xa rov qab thaj av no mus rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Bessarabia suav nrog cov cheeb tsam xws li Moldavia, Bukovina thiab Budzhak. Tam sim no lawv cov npe, txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag tsis nco qab.
Bessarabia - tam sim no nyob qhov twg? Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no yooj yim heev. Nws yog ib cheeb tsam keeb kwm loj loj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe. Niaj hnub no, Bessarabia suav nrog feem ntau ntawm (kwv yees li 65%) ntawm niaj hnub Moldova, nrog rau thaj tsam Ukrainian Budzhak npog thaj tsam yav qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv, thiab ib feem ntawm cheeb tsam Chernivtsi ntawm Ukraine - thaj chaw me me nyob rau sab qaum teb. Yog hais tias koj saib ntawm cov teb chaws Europe los ntawm saum toj no, cheeb tsam no yog heev pom. Yog li ntawd, nrhiav Bessarabia ntawm daim ntawv qhia yog yooj yim heev.
Kev faib ib thaj chaw
Tom qab Russo-Turkish Tsov Rog (1806-1812) thiabHauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm Bucharest uas ua raws, Ottoman vassal tau pauv thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Moldavia, nrog rau qee thaj tsam yav dhau los nyob rau hauv txoj cai Ottoman ncaj qha, mus rau imperial Russia. Qhov kev nrhiav tau yog ib qho ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman qhov kawg ntawm thaj av tau txais hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cov cheeb tsam uas tau tshwm sim tshiab tau raug teeb tsa ua Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Bessarabia, siv lub npe yav dhau los siv rau sab qab teb thaj av ntawm tus dej Dniester thiab Danube. Cov dej no yog cov ciam teb ntawm thaj av. Tom qab Tsov Rog Crimean xyoo 1856, thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Bessarabia tau rov qab los rau txoj cai ntawm Moldova. Lavxias txoj cai tau rov qab los thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam xyoo 1878, thaum Romania, vim yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Moldavia nrog Wallachia, raug yuam kom pauv cov cheeb tsam no rau Dobruja. Moldova ntawm daim ntawv qhia lub sijhawm ntawd zoo li yog thaj chaw loj dua li tam sim no.
Greater Romania
Tom qab Lavxias teb sab kiv puag ncig xyoo 1917, thaj chaw tau dhau los ua Moldavian Democratic Republic, ib feem ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Lavxias. Bolshevik ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv lig 1917 thiab thaum ntxov 1918 coj mus rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm Romanian pab tub rog, ostensibly kom pacify cheeb tsam. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, lub rooj sib tham hauv parliament tau tshaj tawm kev ywj pheej thiab tom qab ntawd koom nrog lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Romania. Txawm li cas los xij, kev raug cai ntawm cov kev ua no tau raug teeb meem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, uas pom thaj chaw yog ib thaj chaw uas nyob hauv Romania. Zaj nkauj no tam sim no suav tias yog kev txaj muag heev rau keeb kwm ntawm Romania.
Nrog rau USSR thiab hauvlub sij hawm ntawm tsov rog
Xyoo 1940, tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees raws li Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Soviet Union tau tso siab rau Romania. Raws li kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws tawm hauv Bessarabia, tso cai rau Tub Rog Liab los koom nrog thaj av. Lub cheeb tsam tau raug kev koom ua ke rau hauv lub Soviet Union: lub hauv paus txuas ntawm Moldavian ASSR los tsim Moldavian SSR, thiab Slavic-feem ntau thaj chaw nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb Bessarabia tau pauv mus rau Ukrainian SSR. Axis-aligned Romania recaptured cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 1941 nrog kev vam meej ntawm kev ua hauj lwm Munich thaum lub sij hawm lub Nazi ntxeem tau ntawm lub Soviet Union, tab sis poob nws nyob rau hauv 1944 thaum lub tides ntawm tsov rog tig. Xyoo 1947, Soviet-Romanian ciam teb raws Prut tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm Treaty of Paris, xaus Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.
Nruab nrab Moldova thiab Ukraine
Thaum lub sijhawm lub tebchaws tawg rog ntawm Soviet Union, Moldavian thiab Ukrainian SSRs tshaj tawm lawv txoj kev ywj pheej hauv xyoo 1991, dhau los ua cov xeev niaj hnub ntawm Moldova thiab Ukraine, thaum tuav cov kev faib uas twb muaj lawm ntawm Bessarabia. Tom qab ua tsov rog luv luv nyob rau xyoo 1990, lub koom pheej Pridnestrovian Moldavian tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Transnistria, txuas nws lub zog mus rau lub nroog ntawm Bender ntawm sab xis ntawm Dniester.
Ib feem ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas nyob hauv Gagauz nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Bessarabia tau teeb tsa hauv xyoo 1994 ua thaj chaw muaj kev ywj pheej nyob hauv Moldova. Txoj kev ywj pheej no tseem muaj.
Southern Bessarabia: geography
cheeb tsam no yog ciam teb los ntawm Dniester mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj, Prut mus rau sab hnub poob, thiab qis dua Danube thiab Chernyhiav txwv nyob rau sab qab teb. Nws muaj thaj tsam ntawm 45,630 km2. Nws yog feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm toj roob hauv pes nrog tiaj steppes, nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fertile thiab muaj lignite deposits thiab quarries. Cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam loj hlob qab zib beets, paj noob hlis, nplej, pob kws, haus luam yeeb, cawv, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv kuj tsa yaj thiab nyuj. Tam sim no, kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam yog kev ua liaj ua teb.
Lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av yog Chisinau (lub qub nroog ntawm xeev Bessarabia, tam sim no lub peev ntawm Moldova), Izmail thiab Belgorod-Dnestrovsky, keeb kwm hu ua Cetatea Albă / Akkerman (tam sim no ob qho tib si hauv Ukraine). Lwm lub nroog ntawm kev tswj hwm lossis keeb kwm tseem ceeb suav nrog: Khotyn, Reni thiab Kiliya (tam sim no tag nrho hauv Ukraine), nrog rau Lipcani, Briceni, Soroca, B alti, Orhei, Ungheni, Bender / Tighina thiab Cahul (tam sim no tag nrho hauv Moldova).
History
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, lub tuam txhab tsim tshiab ntawm Moldavia, uas tom qab los ua Bessarabia, twb paub lawm. Tom qab ntawd, thaj chaw no tau ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj, qee feem lossis tag nrho tswj los ntawm: Ottoman Empire (raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Moldova, nrog txoj cai ncaj qha hauv Budzhak thiab Khotyn), Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, Romania, USSR. Txij li thaum xyoo 1991, feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Moldova, nrog rau thaj chaw me me hauv Ukraine.
Thaj chaw ntawm Bessarabia tau nyob hauv cov neeg tau ntau txhiab xyoo. Cov kab lis kev cai Cucuteni-Trypillian tau loj hlob nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6th thiab 3rd xyoo txhiab BC. Indo-European kab lis kev cai kis nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ib ncig2000 BC e.
Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thaj av ntawd tau nyob los ntawm Thracians, thiab rau lub sij hawm luv luv los ntawm Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians thiab Celts, tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg xws li Costoboci, Carpi, Brigogali, Tirageti thiab Bastarni. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI BC. e. Cov neeg nyob hauv Greek tau tsim lub Tiras colony raws ntug dej hiav txwv Dub thiab pauv nrog cov neeg hauv zos. Cov Celts kuj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Bessarabia. Lawv lub nroog loj yog Aliobrix.
Dacia
Thawj lub xeev ntseeg tau suav nrog tag nrho Bessarabia yog Dacian xeev ntawm Burebista nyob rau xyoo pua BC. Tom qab nws tuag, lub xeev tau muab faib ua me me, thiab cov hauv nruab nrab tau koom ua ke rau hauv Dacian lub nceeg vaj ntawm Decebalus nyob rau xyoo pua AD. Lub nceeg vaj no tau swb los ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws hauv 106. Yav qab teb Bessarabia tau suav nrog lub teb chaws Ottoman txawm tias ua ntej ntawd, hauv 57 AD, ua ib feem ntawm Roman xeev ntawm Moesia Inferior, tab sis tau ruaj ntseg tsuas yog tom qab swb ntawm Dacian lub nceeg vaj hauv 106. Romanians thiab Moldovans suav tias Dacians thiab Loos yog lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Cov neeg Loos tau tsim cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv av nyob rau yav qab teb Bessarabia (xws li Trajan's Lower Wall) los tiv thaiv lub xeev ntawm Scythia Minor los ntawm incursions. Tam sim no hauv cheeb tsam no muaj ntau lub tsev Roman uas nyiam cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub nyob rau sab qab teb, Bessarabia tseem nyob sab nraum Roman tswj hwm; suav tsis txheeb cov pab pawg muaj hu ua dawb Dacians los ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm niaj hnub no.
Xyoo 270, cov nom tswv Loos pib thim lawv cov tub rog mus rau sab qab teblos ntawm Danube, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm Roman Dacia, vim yog qhov ntxeem tau ntawm Goths thiab Carps. Cov Goths - ib pab pawg neeg German - nchuav rau hauv Roman faj tim teb chaws los ntawm qis dua Dnieper mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Bessarabia (Budzhak steppe), vim nws qhov chaw nyob thiab nta (feem ntau yog cov steppes) raug ntes los ntawm ntau pawg neeg nomadic rau ntau pua xyoo. Xyoo 378, cheeb tsam raug ntes los ntawm Huns.
After Rome
Los ntawm 3rd mus rau 11th centuries, thaj av tau rov ua dua los ntawm ntau pawg neeg: Goths, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Magyars, Pechenegs, Cumans thiab Mongols. Ib thaj tsam ntawm Bessarabia tau npog los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tsis zoo, uas tau ploj mus thaum lwm nthwv dej ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tuaj txog. Cov centuries no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis ruaj ntseg thiab kev hloov pauv loj ntawm cov pab pawg no. Lub sijhawm no tom qab lub npe hu ua "Tsev Neeg Tsaus Ntuj" ntawm Tebchaws Europe lossis lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw.
Hauv 561, Avars ntes Bessarabia thiab tua tus kav hauv zos Mesamer. Ua raws li Avars, cov Slavs pib tuaj txog hauv cheeb tsam thiab pom kev sib haum xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, hauv 582, Onogur Bulgars tau nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj Bessarabia thiab sab qaum teb Dobruja, los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv tsiv mus rau Moesia Inferior (txawm tias nyob rau hauv siab los ntawm Khazars) thiab tsim thaj tsam nascent ntawm Bulgaria. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm Khazar lub xeev nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, kev ntxeem tau pib txo qis thiab nws tau dhau los ua cov xeev loj. Raws li qee qhov kev xav, sab qab teb ntawm Bessarabia tseem nyob hauv qab ntawm Thawj Bulgarian Empire mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 9. Cov Bulgarians tau koom nrog Slavicization ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos.
Nruab nrab ntawm 8th thiab 10th centuries, sab qab tebBessarabia tau nyob hauv cov neeg los ntawm Balkan-Danubian kab lis kev cai ntawm Thawj Bulgarian Empire. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub 9th thiab 13th centuries, Bessarabia yog hais nyob rau hauv Slavic chronicles raws li ib feem ntawm lub Bolokhovensky (sab qaum teb) thiab Brodnitsky (sab qab teb) voivodeships, uas tau suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog thaum ntxov.
principality ntawm Moldova
Tom qab xyoo 1360, thaj av maj mam dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Moldavia, uas los ntawm 1392 tau tsim kev tswj hwm lub fortresses ntawm Akkerman thiab Chilia, thiab tus dej Dniester tau los ua nws ciam teb sab hnub tuaj. Raws li lub npe ntawm thaj av ntawd, qee cov kws sau ntawv ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th sab qab teb ntawm thaj av tau nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Wallachia (tus kav vaj ntxwv ntawm Wallachia nyob rau lub sijhawm no hu ua Basarab). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, tag nrho cheeb tsam yog ib feem ntawm Moldavian Principality. Stephen lub Great kav los ntawm 1457 txog 1504 yuav luag 50 xyoo, thaum nws yeej 32 kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv nws lub teb chaws tawm tsam yuav luag txhua tus neeg nyob ze (feem ntau yog Ottoman thiab Tatars, tab sis kuj Hungarians thiab Poles). Lub sijhawm no, tom qab txhua qhov yeej, nws tau tsa lub tsev teev ntuj lossis lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ib sab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev hwm ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab pawg ntseeg, nrog rau cov qub fortresses, nyob rau hauv Bessarabia (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Dniester).
Nyob rau xyoo 1484, cov Turks tau tawm tsam thiab ntes Chile thiab Cetateya Albe (Ackerman hauv Turkish) thiab muab cov ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm Bessarabia, uas tau muab faib ua ob lub sanjaks (cov cheeb tsam) ntawm Ottoman Empire. Nyob rau hauv 1538, cov Ottoman annexed ntxiv Bessarabian av nyob rau sab qab teb mus txog rau Tighina, thaum lub hauv paus thiab sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm lub cheeb tsam tseem nyob rau hauv lub tswv ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm. Moldavia (uas tau los ua ib tug vassal ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman). Los ntawm 1711 txog 1812, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob thaj av tsib zaug thaum nws tsov rog tawm tsam lub teb chaws Ottoman thiab Austrian empires.
Nrog Russia
Raws li Bucharest Treaty ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 28, 1812, uas tau xaus kev tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish xyoo 1806-1812, lub tebchaws Ottoman tau tso thaj chaw ntawm Prut thiab Dniester, suav nrog Moldavian thiab Turkish thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias. Empire. Tag nrho cheeb tsam no hu ua Bessarabia.
Xyoo 1814, thawj cov neeg nyob hauv German tuaj txog, uas feem ntau tuaj rau thaj tsam yav qab teb, thiab Bessarabian Bulgarians pib nyob hauv thaj av no, nrhiav cov nroog xws li Bolgrad. Los ntawm 1812 txog 1846, Bulgarian thiab Gagauz cov pej xeem tsiv mus rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws hla tus dej Danube, tau nyob tau ntau xyoo raws li kev tswj hwm Ottoman, thiab nyob rau yav qab teb Bessarabia. Lawv cov yawg koob tseem nyob ntawd. Cov pab pawg neeg hais lus Turkic ntawm Nogai Horde kuj nyob hauv Budzhak (hauv Turkish Buchak) cheeb tsam nyob rau sab qab teb Bessarabia txij li xyoo 16th txog rau xyoo 18th, tab sis raug tshem tawm tag nrho ua ntej 1812.
Hauv kev tswj hwm, Bessarabia tau dhau los ua thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws xyoo 1818, thiab lub xeev xyoo 1873.
Raws li Adrianople Treaty, uas tau xaus kev tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish xyoo 1828-1829, tag nrho Danube Delta tau suav nrog hauv cheeb tsam Bessarabian. Raws li Stoica, tus thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv Romanian mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, xyoo 1834 cov lus Romanian raug txwv los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsoomfwv cov chaw haujlwm, txawm tias 80% ntawm cov pejxeem hais lus. Nws nyob hauvNws thiaj li yuav ua rau muaj kev txwv tsis pub Romanians hauv pawg ntseeg, xov xwm thiab phau ntawv. Raws li tib tus kws sau ntawv, cov neeg tawm tsam tawm tsam kev txwv tsis pub siv lus Romanian tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau Siberia. Keeb kwm ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub tau khaws cia cov ntu no mus ib txhis.
Thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Crimean, xyoo 1856, raws li Txoj Cai ntawm Paris, thaj av tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm tau rov qab mus rau Moldova, uas ua rau poob kev tswj hwm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Russia tau poob ib txoj hlua loj ntawm thaj chaw uas ntsib tus dej Danube. Lub Cahul-Izmail-Bolgrad sawb twb cais sab qab teb ntawm cheeb tsam los ntawm tus so. Tej yam tsis tau hloov ntau hnub no.
Independent Romania
Nyob rau xyoo 1859, Moldavia thiab Wallachia tau sib koom ua tus Thawj Coj ntawm Romania, uas suav nrog sab qab teb ntawm Bessarabia. Nov yog ntu tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Romania.
Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Chisinau-Iasi tau qhib rau lub Rau Hli 1, 1875 hauv kev npaj rau Russo-Turkish Tsov Rog (1877–1878), thiab Eiffel Choj tau qhib rau lub Plaub Hlis 21, 1877, tsuas yog peb hnub ua ntej pib. tsov rog. Romanian Tsov Rog ntawm Kev ywj pheej tau tawm tsam xyoo 1877-1878. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman ua ib tug phooj ywg, Northern Dobruja tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Romania rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv Russo-Turkish Tsov Rog.
Tsoomfwv ib ntus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg peasants ntawm South Bessarabia tau tsim tsa lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1919. Qhov no tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab tuav lub hwj chim hauv Odessa los ntawm Bolsheviks. Ib feem ntawm yav dhau los Bessarabia tom qab ntawd mus rau Romania, tom qab ntawd rov tuaj koom nrog Soviet Union.
Lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm cov communist
11Lub Tsib Hlis 1919 Lub Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic tau tshaj tawm tias yog ib feem ntawm RSFSR, tab sis qhov no tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev koom tes ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Poland thiab Fabkis thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1919. Tom qab yeej Bolshevik Russia hauv kev tsov rog hauv tebchaws Russia xyoo 1922. Lub Ukrainian SSR tau tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv 1924 xyoo, nyob rau hauv ib tug strip ntawm Ukrainian av nyob rau sab laug bank ntawm lub Dniester, lub Moldavian ASSR tau tsim, qhov twg Moldovans thiab Romanians tsim muaj tsawg tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov inhabitants.
Under Greater Romania
Hauv Bessarabia, raws li Romanian txoj cai, muaj cov pej xeem tsawg zuj zus vim muaj neeg tuag coob, nrog rau kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Bessarabia kuj yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev lag luam stagnation thiab nyiaj poob haujlwm siab.
Lub tebchaws Soviet tsis lees paub txog kev nkag mus rau Bessarabia rau Romania thiab thoob plaws lub sijhawm interwar tau koom nrog kev sim ua kom tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg Romania thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog tsoomfwv hauv Bucharest hauv thaj chaw no. Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact tau kos npe rau lub Yim Hli 23, 1939. Raws li tsab xov xwm 4 ntawm daim ntawv cog lus zais cia, Bessarabia poob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm USSR.
Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1940, Tebchaws Europe sab hnub poob tau tawm tsam los ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov zej zog hauv ntiaj teb tau tsom mus rau cov xwm txheej no. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 26, 1940, USSR tau tshaj tawm 24-teev qhov kawg rau Romania, thov kom hloov tam sim ntawm Bessarabia thiab Northern Bukovina nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Romania tau muab plaub hnub los khiav tawm nws cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv Romanian, ob lub xeev muaj thaj tsam ntawm 51,000 km 2, thiab hauv lawvkwv yees li 3.75 lab tus tib neeg nyob, ib nrab ntawm cov neeg Romanians. Romania surrendered ob hnub tom qab thiab pib khiav tawm. Thaum lub sijhawm khiav tawm, txij thaum Lub Rau Hli 28 txog rau Lub Xya Hli 3, cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg hauv zos thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa Soviet tau tawm tsam cov tub rog thiab cov pej xeem uas tau xaiv tawm mus. Ntau tus tswvcuab ntawm haiv neeg tsawg (cov neeg Yudais, haiv neeg Ukrainians, thiab lwm tus) tau koom nrog cov kev tawm tsam no. Cov tub rog Romanian kuj tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, uas nkag mus rau hauv Bessarabia ua ntej Romanian cov thawj coj tau ua tiav nws txoj kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg raug mob tuag los ntawm cov tub rog Romanian nyob rau xya hnub ntawd yog 356 tus tub ceev xwm thiab 42,876 tus tub rog tuag lossis ploj lawm.
Txoj kev daws teeb meem rau cov neeg Yudais cov lus nug, raws li tau pom los ntawm Romanian tus thawj tswj hwm Marshal Ion Antonescu, yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv exile dua li kev tua neeg. Ib feem ntawm cov neeg Yudais ntawm Bessarabia thiab Bukovina uas tsis tau khiav mus txog thaum kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet (147,000) tau pib sib sau ua ke hauv ghettos lossis Nazi concentration camps thiab tom qab ntawd raug xa tawm thaum xyoo 1941-1942 ntawm kev tuag mus rau Romanian-nyob Transnistria. Cahul (Moldova) raug mob hnyav los ntawm cov kev ntxuav haiv neeg no.
End of war
Tom qab peb xyoos ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, German-Soviet pem hauv ntej tau rov qab los rau xyoo 1944 mus rau thaj av ciam teb ntawm Dniester. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 1944, Tub Rog Liab, suav nrog 3.4 lab tus tib neeg, tau pib ua kev tawm tsam rau lub caij ntuj sov, lub npe hu ua "Iasi-Kishinev operation." Hauv tsib hnub, cov tub rog Soviet tau ntes Bessarabia thaum lub sijhawmob tog nres. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze Chisinau thiab Sarata, German 6th Army, suav nrog 650 txhiab tus neeg, raug rhuav tshem. Ib txhij nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev tawm tsam Lavxias, Romania tau rhuav tshem kev sib raug zoo nrog cov phooj ywg thiab hloov sab. Lub Yim Hli 23, 1944, Marshal Ion Antonescu raug ntes los ntawm King Michael thiab muab xa mus rau Soviets. Thoob plaws hauv lub hav zoov ntawm lub USSR, Bessarabia tau muab faib ntawm lub Ukrainian thiab Moldavian SRs. Tam sim no nws zoo li no.
Lub tebchaws Soviet tau tsim kho thaj av hauv xyoo 1944 thiab Tub Rog Liab nyob hauv Romania. Los ntawm 1947, lub Soviets tau tsa ib tsoom fwv teb chaws nyob rau hauv Bucharest uas yog phooj ywg thiab mloog lus rau Moscow. Txoj haujlwm Soviet ntawm Romania txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1958. Lub Romanian tsoom fwv tsis tau qhib qhov teeb meem ntawm Bessarabia los yog Northern Bukovina nyob rau hauv nws diplomatic kev sib raug zoo nrog lub Soviet Union. Tsawg kawg yog 100 txhiab tus neeg tuag vim yog kev tshaib kev nqhis tom qab tsov rog hauv Moldova.
Under Soviet rule
Nrog rau xyoo 1969 thiab 1971, ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm txawj ntse hauv Chisinau tau tsim lub Koom Haum Pabcuam Tebchaws Patriotic nrog ntau dua 100 tus tswvcuab uas tau cog lus los tawm tsam rau kev tsim ntawm Moldavian Democratic Republic, nws txoj kev sib cais los ntawm Soviet Union thiab koom nrog Romania.
Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1971, tom qab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Romanian Socialist Republic, Ion Stenescu, rau Yuri Andropov, tus thawj coj ntawm KGB, peb tus thawj coj ntawm National Patriotic Front, Alexander Usatiuk -Bulgar,Georg Gimp thiab Valeriu Graur, nrog rau Alexander Soltoyan, tus thawj coj ntawm kev txav hauv av zoo sib xws nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Bukovina (Bukovina), raug ntes thiab tom qab raug txiav txim rau hauv tsev loj cuj ntev.
Raws li ib feem ntawm Moldova ywj pheej thiab Ukraine
Nrog rau kev qaug zog ntawm Soviet Union thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1988, thawj qhov kev tawm tsam tsis raug cai tau tshwm sim hauv Chisinau. Thaum pib ntawm perestroika, lawv sai sai tau los tawm tsam tsoom fwv thiab thov kom nom tswv txheej xwm ntawm Romanian (Moldovan) hom lus es tsis txhob Lavxias. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, 1989, tom qab ua qauv qhia hauv Chisinau, suav nrog 600 txhiab tus neeg, Romanian (Moldovan) tau los ua hom lus ntawm Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. Moldova ntawm daim ntawv qhia yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Romania thiab Ukraine.
Hauv xyoo 1990, thawj qhov kev xaiv tsa ywj pheej ywj pheej tau tuav, uas cov neeg tawm tsam nrov Pem hauv ntej yeej. Ib tsoom fwv tau tsim los ntawm Mircea Druk, yog ib tus thawj coj ntawm kev tawm tsam. Cov koom pheej tau los ua Moldavian SSR, thiab tom qab ntawd koom pheej ntawm Moldova.
Ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau lo lus nug: "Bessarabia - nws nyob qhov twg tam sim no?" Bessarabia tam sim no muab faib ntawm Moldova thiab Ukraine. Feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam no yog ib feem ntawm lub qub. Nyob rau sab Ukrainian, cheeb tsam no suav nrog feem ntau ntawm Odessa cheeb tsam thiab Chernivtsi cheeb tsam.
Lub koom pheej ntawm Moldova tau ua ywj siab rau lub Yim Hli 31, 1991. Cov tub ntxhais hluas lub xeev tau txais kev hloov pauv ntawm ciam teb ntawm Moldavian SSR. Ib qho ntawm cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam uas tsab xov xwm tau mob siab rau yog lub nroog Cahul, Moldova.
