Joseph Henry yog ib tus kws kho mob Asmeskas nto moo, suav tias yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas nto moo tshaj plaws, nws tau muab tso rau ntawm Benjamin Franklin. Henry tsim cov hlau nplaum, ua tsaug rau qhov nws tau pom qhov tshwm sim tshiab hauv electromagnetism, uas yog hu ua self-induction. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog Faraday, nws nrhiav kev sib nrig sib induction, tab sis Faraday tswj tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb ua ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog Henry txoj haujlwm uas tau los ua lub hauv paus rau qhov pom ntawm hluav taws xob xov tooj, uas tau tsim los ntawm Morse.
Biography ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb
Joseph Henry yug hauv 1797. Nws yug hauv lub xeev New York, hauv nroog Albany. Nws niam thiab txiv tsis nplua nuj, ntxiv rau, leej txiv ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau tuag ntxov. Yauxej yug los ntawm nws pog.
Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, nws mus ua haujlwm hauv khw muag khoom, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos nws tau los ua haujlwm rau tus saib xyuas. Thaum nws tseem hluas, Yauxej Henry nyiam ua yeeb yam, nws txawm yuav luag los ua ib tus kws tshaj lijtus neeg ua yeeb yam, tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo nws qhov kev txaus siab hauv kev tshawb fawb tau sawv tom qab nws yuam kev hla ib phau ntawv hu ua Nrov Lectures on Experimental Philosophy.
Yog li nws txiav txim siab mus rau Albany Academy. Joseph Henry tau txais kev kawm qib siab dawb, tab sis nws tsev neeg txom nyem heev uas txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no nws yuav tsum tau nyiaj ntxiv los ntawm kev qhia ntawv tas li. Thaum pib, nws xav kawm tshuaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1824 nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus pab saib xyuas engineer rau kev tsim kho tus choj ntawm Lake Erie thiab Hudson River. Tom qab ntawd, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm tsuas yog nqus nws.
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University Studies
Joseph Henry, uas nws biography muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, kawm tau zoo heev uas nws feem ntau pab cov xib fwb qhia. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1826 nws tau raug xaiv tsa tus xibfwb qhia lej ntawm University of Albany.
Tus kws kho mob Joseph Henry tau pom tias muaj kev txaus siab ntxiv rau kev sib nqus. Nws yog thawj tus coj los siv thev naus laus zis tshiab los tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob, siv cov windings ntawm insulated hlau, ua ntej qhov txhab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau.
Joseph Henry's electromagnets txawv txawv ntawm cov kws kho mob siv ua ntej, txij li ua ntej txhua tus siv liab qab. Vim li ntawd, Henry tau tswj hwm los tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv nws txoj haujlwm yog kev tsim cov winding ntawm ob peb coils, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv dag zog rau lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Nws pib tshaj tawm txog kaumzoo sib xws windings, ces muaj coils, tom qab hu ua bobbins.
Kev sim kev tshawb fawb
Qhov ntau yam ntawm Henry qhov kev sim kev tshawb fawb tsuas yog amazing. Nyob rau hauv 1831, nws tsim ib tug qauv ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog nrog oscillating motion. Nws nkag siab tias nws yog "cov khoom ua si lub cev", tab sis nws cia siab tias yav tom ntej nws qhov kev tsim kho tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev xyaum.
Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev tsim kho no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus, uas yav tom ntej tau siv rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tswv yim no kuj tau ua pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thawj cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub steamboat tau npaj siv lub tshuab ua kom muaj zog los teeb tsa lub oars hauv cov lus tsa suab, yog li hloov cov rowers. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm chav locomotive nrhiav los tsim cov txheej txheem txav uas yuav ua raws li kev txav ntawm tus nees ob txhais ceg.
Kev cob qhia
Thaum nws nto moo, cov tub ntxhais hluas inventors thiab cov kws tshawb fawb pib tig mus rau Henry, vam tias yuav tau txais cov lus qhia tswv yim los ntawm nws. Tus hero ntawm peb tsab xov xwm yog tus phooj ywg thiab indulgent nrog txhua tus, txawm li cas los xij, nws ua rau txhua tus neeg muaj kev lom zem.
Ntawm nws cov qhua yog Alexander Bell, uas xyoo 1875 tau sau ntawv rau Henry los qhia nws tus kheej. Yauxej pom tau tias muaj kev txaus siab rau Tswb txoj kev loj hlob, hnub tom qab nws tau mus xyuas nws.
Tom qab ua qauv qhia nws qhov kev sim, Tswb tham txog nws lub tswv yim tseem tsis tau sim kom xa tib neeg hais lus nrog hluav taws xob, siv lub cuab yeej zoo ib yam li lub suab nrov. Tswb xav tias nws yuav muaj tus nplaig hlau,hloov mus rau ntau zaus los npog tib neeg lub suab spectrum. Henry tam sim ntawd tshaj tawm tias qhov no yog cov kab mob ntawm qhov kev tsim kho zoo. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas Henry tsis pom zoo kom Tswb tshaj tawm nws cov tswv yim kom txog thaum nws thaum kawg txhim kho nws qhov kev tsim kho. Thaum Tswb hais tias nws tsis muaj kev paub, Henry tau hais kom nws ua tus tswv tam sim ntawd.
Bell's Invention
Tom qab ntsib Henry, Tswb txuas ntxiv txhim kho nws cov khoom tsim. Nyob rau hauv 1876, nws tau ua ib qho kev sim xov tooj ntawm ib tug txawv tsim ntawm ib tug exhibition nyob rau hauv Philadelphia. Ntawm nws, Henry ua raws li ib tus kws tshaj lij ntawm hluav taws xob nthuav tawm.
Nyob rau xyoo 1877, tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau soj ntsuam nws cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm Smithsonian Institution. Henry tau txhawb kom Tswb qhia qhov kev tsim kho rau lub koom haum Philosophical ntawm Washington. Txij li thaum xyoo 1852, Henry tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj Lighthouse, thiab tom qab ntawd tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, tseem nyob hauv tsab ntawv no mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub. Nws tseem yog tib tug thawj coj pej xeem hauv keeb kwm.
Xyoo 1878, Henry tuag hauv Washington thaum muaj hnub nyoog 80.
Thaum kawm Henry's biography, ib tug tuaj yeem dawm tau raws li phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm nws lub npe nrov, chess player Joseph Henry Blackburn. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb nyob rau ib nrab xyoo pua 19th.
Thaum xub thawj, nws tau txais kev kawm ua lag luam, yog tus neeg ncaws pob zoo heev. Kuv tau nyiam chess tsuas yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo. Xyoo 1869, Blackburn tau los ua tus yeej ntawm Great Britain,suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws rau 30 xyoo. Xyoo 1914, Blackburn tau los ua tus yeej British thaum muaj hnub nyoog 72.
Rivals hu nws tias "Dub Tuag" vim nws ib txwm hnav ris tsho dub thiab lub kaus mom qub qub, kuj dub. Raws li lwm version, nws kuj tshuav lub npe menyuam yaus rau nws hwj txwv dub. Nyob rau hauv chess, nws ua raws li ib tug ntse tawm tsam style, ua raws li tus ntsuj plig ntawm romantic chess masters ntawm lub qub tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv ntau qhov kev ua si nws yeej, ua si daim dub.
Thaum kawg nws tau sib tw ntawm kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 73 xyoo hauv St. Petersburg.
Mr. Church
Lwm lub npe ntawm tus kws tshaj lij physicist yog tus thawj coj ntawm Susan McMartin zaj dab neeg, Mr. Henry Joseph Church. Xyoo 2016, Bruce Beresford tau ua yeeb yam ntawm tib lub npe ua yeeb yam Eddie Murphy hu ua "Mr. Church".
Nws tshwm sim muaj ib hnub hauv tsev ntawm tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav mis Mary Brooks thiab nws tus ntxhais Charlie. Nws raug ntiav los ntawm Mary tus qub txiv los saib xyuas nws rau rau lub hlis kawg ntawm nws lub neej.
Tab sis tom qab 6 lub hlis Maivliag muaj sia nyob, ntxiv 6 xyoo dhau los, lub sijhawm uas Mr. Lub Koom Txoos dhau los ua tus cwj pwm hauv tsev. Mary tuag tom qab Charlie kawm tiav, thiab lub Koom Txoos pab nws mus rau hauv Boston University. Tus ntxhais lub neej tam sim no txuas nrog tus txiv neej no mus tas li, npaj pab nws txhua lub sijhawm.
