Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov lus muaj thiab muaj yog cov qauv ntawm cov lus qhia kom muaj. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv verbs nyob rau hauv lus Askiv. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg ua yuam kev loj thaum siv cov ntawv no. Cov lus qhia muaj (muaj), kev siv uas tseem ceeb heev hauv lus Askiv, yog ib qho tshwj xeeb thiab tib lub sijhawm universal lo lus.
Thaum thov
Cov lus no tuaj yeem ua ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv kab lus Askiv. Tau, muaj, muaj, kev siv uas ua rau muaj teeb meem, qiv lawv tus kheej rau qee qhov kev xav, uas yuav muab hauv qab no. Yog li, xav txog tag nrho cov kev xaiv rau cov lus qhia no:
- Tau kawg, cov lus qhia no tuaj yeem ua raws li cov lus qhia zoo ib yam hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "kom muaj". Piv txwv li: Nws muaj tsheb.
- Zoo ib yam li thawj tus, cov lus qhia kom muaj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm pab. Nws koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov ntawv qhia feem ntau, tshwj tsis yog rau cov lus pom zoo: Tam sim no thiab yav dhau los yooj yim (Indefinite). Piv txwv li: Nws nyuam qhuav rov qab los.
- Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho lus qhia, qhia txog qhov ua tau lossis kev lav phib xaub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Piv txwv li: Kuv yuav tsum xeem.
Kev nyuaj yuav tshwm sim thaum siv cov lus qhia muaj (had), kev siv ntawm ib tus hais lusqhia tau hais tias ib hom lus txawv teb chaws zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv lus Askiv muaj qee qhov tsis tu ncua hauv kev siv cov lus qhia no. Yog li, hauv qab no yog cov cai rau kev siv kom raug ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem:
- Has yog siv nrog cov lus: nws, nws, nws.
- Muaj siv nrog cov lus: Kuv, koj, peb, lawv.
- Had yog siv nrog tag nrho cov lus thiab yog lub sijhawm dhau los.
Verb forms
Cov lus qhia no tsis meej, thiab hauv cov lus ntawm cov lus qhia zoo sib xws nws tau sawv cev raws li muaj, muaj, muaj. Kev siv cov ntawv no ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub sijhawm xav tau.
Daim ntawv muaj yog siv thaum tsim qhov yooj yim yav dhau los, dhau los ua tiav thiab ntev dhau los.
Has, muaj. Kev siv ua ke yog tso cai tsuas yog siv lub sijhawm zoo meej. Hauv qab no yog ob peb yam piv txwv uas yuav pab koj pom qhov pom ntawm txoj cai:
- Nws nyuam qhuav noj hmo. Cov kab lus no txhais tau tias: "Nws nyuam qhuav noj su."
- Nws muaj tsheb. Txhais lus: "Nws muaj tsheb."
As a modal verb
Qhov no yog ib qho kev siv ntau ntawm cov lus qhia muaj (muaj) ua lus Askiv. Yog li ntawd, cov uas kawm hom lus yuav tsum paub meej txog cov cai siv cov lus no. Lawv yog cov yooj yim heev, thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav navigate lub ntsiab lus, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txais ib tug zoo tuav ntawmcov ntaub ntawv thiab kev xyaum me ntsis hauv kev siv ncaj qha. Cov lus qhia muaj (muaj) nyob rau hauv lus Askiv plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug modal nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los qhia ib tug tej yam xav tau rau ib qho kev txiav txim uas yog vim li cas. Piv txwv li: Koj yuav tsum mus, vim koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm. Qhov kev tsim kho no txhais raws li hauv qab no: "Koj yuav tsum mus vim koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm."
Cov lus qhia no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam li cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo sib xws, tseem muaj ib txoj kab zoo ntawm lawv, thiab txhua tus neeg uas paub cov lus xav tias qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev xav. Cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum nruj dua thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm meej los ua ib qho kev txiav txim. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov kev qhia no feem ntau yog coj los ntawm tus neeg hais lus nws tus kheej, uas yog, nws yuav tsum tau siv rau nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li: Kuv yuav tsum mus, nws yuav zoo dua. Qhov kev tsim kho hauv Lavxias yuav zoo li no: "Kuv yuav tsum tawm mus, nws yuav zoo dua li no."
Thiab, qhov kev qhia ua qauv no yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub ntxiv: thaum nws tsim nyog los muab tswv yim lossis kev pom zoo. Piv txwv li: Koj yuav tsum ntxiv cov lus ntxiv. Qhov twg hauv kev txhais lus yuav zoo li: "Koj yuav tsum ntxiv ob peb lo lus ntxiv."
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev qhia ua qauv no hloov nrog tenses, tsis zoo li, piv txwv li, cov lus qhia yuav tsum, uas tseem tsis hloov.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov kab lus tau txais los hloov, uas feem ntau muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam, tab sis feem ntau yog siv hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub.
Has (had)
Kev siv thiab kev paub txog cov cai ntawm cov lus qhia no qhia tau hais tias muaj kev paub lus Askiv zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog siv cov cai sau ntawv tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem cia siab tias koj yuav muaj peev xwm qhia koj tus kheej hauv hom lus txawv teb chaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau tham txog cov lus qhia kom muaj raws li qhov ib txwm muaj semantic. Yog li, nws muaj kev txhais lus: "kom muaj", "kom muaj", "kom muaj". Piv txwv li: Kuv muaj ib tug dev.
Yuav tsum tau muaj
Ob qho ntawm cov kev xaiv no tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias muaj:
- Muaj ib yam dab tsi. Piv txwv li: Nws muaj lub tsev tshiab; Nws muaj ib lub tsev. Cov qauv no txhais tau tias: "Nws muaj lub tsev tshiab."
- Txoj kev sib txuas. Piv txwv li: Kuv muaj txiv; Kuv muaj txiv. Qhov no tau muab txhais ua ob lo lus: "Kuv muaj txiv."
- Kab mob. Piv txwv li: Kuv mob taub hau; Kuv mob taub hau. Cov lus txhais li no: "Kuv lub taub hau mob."
Qhov tseeb tseem ceeb yog qhov kev tsim kho tsis zoo yuav tsum tau ua thiab yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib txwm ua. Piv txwv li, hauv qhov yooj yim tam sim no tense, negation yuav suab zoo li no: tsis tas yuav thiab tsis tas yuav.
Tus qauv kom tau txais tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog cov lus qhia kom tau txais thiab txais. Piv txwv li, kuv tau txais xov xwm. Txhais lus: "Kuv tau txais xov xwm".
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim kho kom tau txais tuaj yeem siv los ua cov lus qhia ua qauv, tab sis tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm lub sijhawm. Hauv qhov no, ib txwm siv kev tsim kho kom muaj.
Short for verb to have
Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov ntawv luv luv muaj ntau hauv lus Askiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv modal, auxiliary verbs. Kev siv cov lus qhia muaj (muaj) thiab muaj peev xwm los sau nws kom raug yuav ua rau koj lub neej yooj yim dua thiab ua rau koj yooj yim ntawm kev hais lus Askiv. Raws li txoj cai, kev txo qis tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov lus qhia nws tus kheej nrog cov lus hais dhau los. Qhov no tsis tau hla peb cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb kom muaj. Yog li, hauv qab no yuav nthuav tawm txhua daim ntawv luv luv ntawm cov lus qhia no:
- Muaj suab zoo li no: `ve. Piv txwv li: they've, I've, you've.
- Hais luv rau `s. Piv txwv li: nws yog, nws yog, nws yog.;
- Had shorthand: `d. Piv txwv li: she'd, we'd, you'd.
Zoo kawg
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj suav tsis txheeb idioms, kab lus, teeb cov kab lus nrog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb no. Yog li ntawd, kuv xav kom mloog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lo lus no, vim hais tias kev paub ntawm ntau yam idioms thiab kab lus tsuas yog ib qho ntxiv hauv koj cov lus. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem ua kom pom koj qhov kev pom dav dav rau tus neeg hais lus Askiv thiab ua rau kev sib tham yooj yim thiab yooj yim, uas tseem ceeb heev hauv lub neej niaj hnub thiab hauv kev sib tham ua lag luam.
