Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog dab tsi lub obelisk yog, thaum lub caij ntawm architecture yog thawj yug los, peb yuav soj ntsuam keeb kwm ntawm lub Luxor obelisk.
Architecture
Tib neeg ib txwm txuas qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kos duab, suav nrog kev tsim vaj tsev. Peb paub lub neej ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub feem ntau ua tsaug rau cov tuam tsev khaws cia thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv vaj tsev, piv txwv li, cov no suav nrog Mayan pyramids hauv South America. Tau kawg, tsis yog txhua tus neeg tau tso tseg cov cim tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm, ntxiv rau, txawm tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, cov tsev thiab lwm lub tsev feem ntau yog siv los ntawm cov tswv yim pom zoo, thiab lawv tsis txawv nyob rau ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov kev daws teeb meem zoo.
Tej zaum lub sijhawm keeb kwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Ancient Egypt. Txog niaj hnub no, kab lis kev cai ntawm no tam sim no cov neeg tuag tau qhuas. Thiab, ntxiv rau cov pyramids, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev rau cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub, xws li obelisk, tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Yog li dab tsi yog obelisk thiab nws siv li cas niaj hnub no? Peb yuav tham txog qhov ntawd.
Definition
Obelisks kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv Greek thaum ub, tab sis nyob ntawd lawv muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, gnomon (tshwj xeebpointers, prototypes teev tes) sundial. Thaum nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, lub obelisk yog lub cim ntawm lub hnub, thiab, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yog ib tug ntawm cov nyiam lub ntsiab ntawm architecture thiab symbolism. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Egyptian obelisks thiab lawv lub hom phiaj.
Tsim thiab lub hom phiaj
Egyptian obelisks (tsawg kawg cov uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no) yog cov monoliths uas tau muab los ntawm cov pob zeb homogeneous. Feem ntau cov khoom yog liab granite, uas yog mined nyob rau hauv Aswan. Thiab lawv tau raug ntsia ua khub ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev.
Vim vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej, obelisks tau ua rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab mob siab rau. Piv txwv li, obelisk ntawm Hatshepsut tau kos rau xya lub hlis. Tam sim no peb paub tias obelisk yog dab tsi. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.
Nws yog kev cai los npog lawv sab nrog hieroglyphs, uas nws cov ntawv feem ntau tau npau taws rau kev qhuas ntawm cov vajtswv thiab ua vaj ntxwv. Qee zaum, yog tias tus qauv zoo li no yog qhov tseem ceeb, nws tau them nrog cov hlau alloy ntawm kub thiab nyiaj. Muaj tseeb, qhov no tsuas yog ua tiav nrog rau sab saum toj ntawm obelisk. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, lub obelisk yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev cai dab qhuas kev cai dab qhuas thiab cim.
Historians paub tseeb tias cov neeg Iyiv twb tau paub txog kev kos duab ntawm kev ua obelisks thaum lub sij hawm 4th dynasty, tab sis feem ntau cov qub qub uas muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no rov qab mus rau 5th dynasty. Lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yog lawv qhov me me, me ntsis ntau dua peb meters. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov uas muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw raws li lawv tauntsia, qhov qub tshaj plaws yog obelisk ntawm Senusret. Thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ua tiav yog ib qho teeb tsa hauv Karnak, nws qhov siab yog ntau tshaj 24 meters. Los ntawm txoj kev, raws li kwv yees kwv yees, nws hnyav 143 tons. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, obelisk yog ib qho qauv uas tuaj yeem sib txawv loj.
Kev faib tawm
Maj mam los ntawm Egypt, obelisks pib kis thoob ntiaj teb. Thawj lub teb chaws uas zam rau lawv tshwm sim yog Palestine thiab Phoenicia. Muaj tseeb, lawv tau tsim muaj los ntawm kev sau lawv los ntawm cov ntu sib cais, uas yooj yim heev rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, obelisks pib kis thoob plaws Byzantium, Assyria thiab txawm Ethiopia. Ib tug ntau ntawm lawv tau raug coj mus rau Roman faj tim teb chaws. Piv txwv li, ib qho uas tam sim no ntsia rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Lateran Basilica hauv Rome, tau tsim nyob rau hauv Karnak, hnyav 230 tons thiab yog 32 meters siab. Muaj tseeb, thawj yam uas los rau hauv siab thaum saib xws li obelisk yog nws thauj li cas? Txawm niaj hnub no, kev thauj khoom thauj tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim.
Thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance, obelisks tau nrov ntawm cov kws tsim qauv Italian ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Thiab tom qab ntawd, pib los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, raws li kev txaus siab ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg sau keeb kwm hauv Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws tau loj hlob, ntau lub teb chaws tau koom nrog qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem xa tawm ntau yam khoom kos duab thiab cov khoom qub rau lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ntawm Neva embankment, muaj sphinxes, tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub hais tias lawv raug coj ncaj los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab lawv muaj hnub nyoog yog ob peb txhiab xyoo.
Peb lub sijhawm
Hnub no, obelisks tau nrov heev raws li cov khoom vaj khoom tsev thiab ua cov duab puab lossis cov monument. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Washington Monument hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nws qhov siab yog 169 meters.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, txawm li cas los xij, obelisks tau nthuav dav txij li kev kav ntawm Catherine II, thiab tau tsim tsa rau kev qhuas ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab kev ua tiav. Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "obelisk" koj tus kheej. Nov yog architectural monument uas zoo li tus ncej tapering upwards.
Maj mam, obelisks poob ntawm kev zam raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim lossis architecture, tab sis tau pib siv los ua monuments ntawm kev ua tub rog. Piv txwv li, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom obelisks hla qhov ntxa loj ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nroog, monuments rau zoo heev keeb kwm thiab tub rog cov nuj nqis ntawm lub xyoo dhau los tau tsim, piv txwv li, ib tug obelisk nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Minin thiab Pozharsky nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod, nyob rau ntawm lub site ntawm Suvorov lub command post nyob rau hauv lub Borodino teb, thiab lwm yam.
Luxor Obelisk
Xyoo 1831, tus kav tebchaws Iziv, Mehmet Ali, tau nthuav qhia Fabkis nrog Luxor obelisk, uas tau tsim tsa thawj zaug rau kev hwm ntawm Ramses II. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1833, nws raug coj mus rau Paris thiab, tom qab lub rooj sib tham muaj koob muaj npe, ntsia rau ntawm qhov chaw de la Concorde, qhov twg rau hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom obelisk. Nws daim duab yog muab saum toj no xwb. Hauv qab ntawm lub monument qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm nws qhov khoom xa tuaj.
