Lub koom haum Khlopin Radium yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev lub koom haum Rosatom. Nws belongs rau cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb hauv kev kawm txog cov teeb meem ntawm nuclear zog. Nyob rau hauv nws cov phab ntsa, thawj zaug, lawv pib kawm xov tooj cua phenomena, cov khoom ntawm radioactive khoom.
Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm
Kev tshawb fawb hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm nuclear physics, radiochemistry, geochemistry. Ua haujlwm koom tes hauv tsoomfwv cov haujlwm, hauv cov haujlwm hauv qib thoob ntiaj teb ntsig txog nuclear physics.
Lub tsev tseem ceeb nyob hauv nroog St. Petersburg. 2nd Murinsky Prospekt, 28 - qhov chaw nyob ntawm Radium Institute. Cov poj koob yawm txwv, lub tsev keeb kwm, sawv hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog, ntawm qhov chaw nyob: X-ray txoj kev, lub tsev 1. Tam sim no, nws nyob hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej, thawj cyclotron, thiab qee qhov chaw tshawb fawb. Lub Gatchina Scientific thiab Experimental Complex kuj yog rau lub koom haum.
Lub koom haum Radium muaj qhov kev sim tshwj xeeb. Nws tso cai rau kev tshawb fawb qib siab hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm atomic science. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub chaw tshawb fawb thiab kev sim hauv lub nroog Gatchina yog qhov ua tiavib lub voj voog ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas pib nrog lub tswv yim thiab xaus nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Keeb Kwm
V. Khlopin Radium lub koom haum yog thawj lub koom haum Lavxias teb sab uas sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev. Hauv nws cov phab ntsa, thawj zaug, kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tau pib ua. Nws nyob ntawm no tias thawj European cyclotron tau tsim.
Lub koom haum pib nws cov keeb kwm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Thaum pib xyoo 1915, lub tuam tsev radium ntawm KEPS (Commission for the Study of Natural Productive Forces) tau tsim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.
Thaum ntxov 1922, lub taub hau ntawm KEPS - Academician V. Vernadsky - koom tes nrog V. Khlopin, A. Fersman thiab I. Bashilov koom ua ke peb cov qauv uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, lub Xeev Radium Institute (SRI) tau tsim. Nws tau suav nrog cov npe ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj lawv tus kheej cov peev nyiaj thiab muaj peev xwm tau txais cov nyiaj qiv los ntawm lub xeev. Lub Ib Hlis 23, 1922 yog hnub uas nws tsim.
Pib
GRI muaj peb lub chaw haujlwm: xov tooj cua (ua haujlwm los ntawm V. Khlopin); lub cev (L. Mysovsky); Geochemical (V. Vernadsky).
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab thawj zaug yog los tswj hwm kev lag luam, uas nyob hauv nroog Bondyug (Tatarstan). Ntawm nws, thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1921, V. Khlopin, hauv ib pab pawg nrog lwm cov kws tshawb fawb, tau txais thawj qhov kev npaj radium los ntawm Ferghana ore. Hauv thawj xyooKev ua haujlwm ntawm tub ceev xwm tsheb tau nquag tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov txheej txheem kom tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntuj.
Nyob hauv lub koom haum no, G. Gamow formalized theory of alpha decay of the atomic nucleus. Nws yog ntawm nws qhov kev xav tias kev txiav txim siab tau pib tsim lub cyclotron, thawj zaug hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1937.
Lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb no tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev sim tseem ceeb heev. I. Kurchatov los ua thawj lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev cyclotron. Nrog nws cov kev pab, xyoo 1939, K. Petrzhak thiab G. Flerov tau tshawb pom txog qhov sib txawv ntawm uranium.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, lub koom haum tau tsiv mus rau Kazan. Nyob ntawd, ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb uranium txuas ntxiv.
Atomic Project
Rov qab mus rau Leningrad Radium Lub Tsev Haujlwm nyob nruab nrab xyoo 1944. Tam sim ntawd tom qab tsov rog, nws tau koom nrog USSR atomic project.
Lub koom haum tau qhia rau:
- txuas ntxiv mus kawm cov yam ntxwv tshuaj ntawm plutonium;
- txhim kho thiab sim thev naus laus zis rau kev sib cais plutonium, suav nrog los ntawm irradiated uranium;
- tawm tswv yim daws teeb meem rau plutonium ntau lawm ua ntej Lub Xya Hli 1, 1946.
Cov haujlwm qhia tau ua los ntawm pab pawg koom haum. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua tiav thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1946. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub koom haum tau tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm plutonium sib cais, txawv ntawm qhov siv hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws yog raws li qhov kev tshawb pom los ntawm V. Khlopin thaum siv acetate technology hauv cov txheej txheem no. Rau kev rho tawm ntawm plutonium, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov nroj tsuag, uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1949.
Nov yog ib qho cuab yeej los ntawm lub koom haum Radium uas tau hloov kho dua tshiab.
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Xov Tooj Cua tau koom nrog kev sim nuclear (kev tawg) txij xyoo 1949 txog 1962. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum tau muab kev npaj thiab kev siv ntawm 55 underground nuclear explosions rau kev thaj yeeb los ntawm 1965 txog 1984. Lawv tau ua tiav kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog xov tooj cua-tshuaj lom neeg thiab geological-mineralogical qhov tshwm sim ntawm nuclear tawg.
Lub ntsiab lus tawg tau nyiam ntau dua 200 tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum rau qhov kev xeem. Nws cov kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog thawj qhov kev sim ntawm tus nqi thermonuclear hauv xyoo 1953. Lawv tau tsim ib lub chaw saib xyuas cov xov tooj cua hauv cheeb tsam.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias thaum kawg ntawm tsib caug xyoo dhau los, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub koom haum tau npaj cov ntawv sau los ua ke raws li lub npe "Kev txiav txim siab ntawm biosphere pollution los ntawm cov khoom siv nuclear." Cov ntawv sau no tau dhau los ua haujlwm hauv UN.
Institute Achievements
Tam sim no, lub koom haum Khlopin Radium muab kev txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb rau kev rov ua dua ntawm cov roj siv hluav taws xob.
Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub koom haum yog cov hauv qab no, uas yog:
- Nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog cov npoj yaig (US Idaho National Laboratory), cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum tau tsim cov cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb,tso cai rau cais cov radionuclides ntev ntev los ntawm cov pov tseg nuclear thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov theem qis.
- Ncaj nraim koom nrog kev tsim cov roj REMIX, uas tso cai rau ntau qhov rov ua dua ntawm uranium thiab plutonium, rho tawm los ntawm siv roj nuclear.
- Ua ke nrog cov qauv ntawm RosRAO, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Radium lub koom haum tsim cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear thaum muaj xwm ceev Fukushima (Nyiv).
- Universal complexes, uas tsis muaj analogues, tsim los tswj cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab aerosols, tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cov cuab yeej no nyob hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias Federation, nrog rau hauv Argentina.
- Lub koom haum tau koom nrog hauv kev ua raws li kev pom zoo ntawm Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm no, nws tau tsim cov cuab yeej siv rau cov chaw tswj hwm.
- Institute cov kws tshaj lij tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev cog lus geological cov qauv uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv av pov tseg ntawm cov pov tseg muaj kuab lom heev.
- Radium Institute. Khlopina yog tib lub chaw tsim khoom siv radionuclide hauv Lavxias Federation. Tom qab ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog, lawv dhau los ua cov cuab yeej metrological piv txwv.
- Lub koom haum tsim thiab xa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj mus rau cov chaw kho mob hauv St. Petersburg thiab lwm lub nroog, uas yog siv rau hauv kev kuaj mob oncological thiab kab mob plawv, kuaj pom cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob endocrine, kev kawm txog kab mob raum., nrog rau ntau yam kab mob.
- Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub koom haumCov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim los tshawb xyuas cov khoom tawg, tshuaj, tshuaj uas muab zais tom qab cov teeb meem tseem ceeb (hauv phab ntsa, hauv qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob
- Lub koom haum tau tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab zog neutron spectrometer, uas tau pom daim ntawv thov ntawm ISS.
Thiab ntau qhov ua tiav.
khoom plig, nrhiav pom, ua haujlwm
Rau kev pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb, kev tiv thaiv lub tebchaws, Radium Institute of St. Petersburg tau txais txiaj ntsig Kev Txiav Txim Siab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Liab thiab Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Daim Npav Ntawm Honour.
3 qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb tau ua nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub koom haum:
- L. Mysovsky - nrhiav pom ntawm nuclear isometry:
- K. Peterzhak, G. Flerov - spontaneous fission ntawm uranium;
- A. Lozhkin, A. Rimsky-Korsakov - superheavy nuclide He-8.
Lub koom haum Khlopin Radium tas li luam tawm nws tus kheej ua haujlwm, nws yog ib tus tsim ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb Radiochemistry.
